CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,258HIV/AIDS Research and InterventionsHIV Research and TreatmentHIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk

Rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act, by stage of HIV-1 infection, in Rakai, Uganda.

Wawer, Maria J., Gray, Ronald H., Sewankambo, Nelson K., Serwadda, David, Li, Xianbin, Laeyendecker, Oliver, Kiwanuka, Noah, Kigozi, Godfrey +6 more·2005·The Journal of Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.1086/429411
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

BACKGROUND: We estimated rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 transmission per coital act in HIV-discordant couples by stage of infection in the index partner. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 235 monogamous, HIV-discordant couples in a Ugandan population-based cohort. HIV transmission within pairs was confirmed by sequence analysis. Rates of transmission per coital act were estimated by the index partner's stage of infection (recent seroconversion or prevalent or late-stage infection). The adjusted rate ratio of transmission per coital act was estimated by multivariate Poisson regression. RESULTS: The average rate of HIV transmission was 0.0082/coital act (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0039-0.0150) within approximately 2.5 months after seroconversion of the index partner; 0.0015/coital act within 6-15 months after seroconversion of the index partner (95% CI, 0.0002-0.0055); 0.0007/coital act (95% CI, 0.0005-0.0010) among HIV-prevalent index partners; and 0.0028/coital act (95% CI, 0.0015-0.0041) 6-25 months before the death of the index partner. In adjusted models, early- and late-stage infection, higher HIV load, genital ulcer disease, and younger age of the index partner were significantly associated with higher rates of transmission. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of HIV transmission per coital act was highest during early-stage infection. This has implications for HIV prevention and for projecting the effects of antiretroviral treatment on HIV transmission.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1086/429411

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Persons with HIV infection who achieve and maintain a viral load suppressed to <200 copies/mL with ART have effectively no risk for sexually transmitting HIV.

    “Persons with HIV infection who achieve and maintain a viral load suppressed to <200 copies/mL with ART have effectively no risk for sexually transmitting HIV (95–97,421).”

    From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [421]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Wawer, M. J., Gray, R. H., Sewankambo, N. K., Serwadda, D., Li, X., Laeyendecker, O., Kiwanuka, N., Kigozi, G., Kiddugavu, M., Lutalo, T., Nalugoda, F., Wabwire‐Mangen, F., Meehan, M. P., & Quinn, T. C.
Affiliations
  • Columbia University (US)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Makerere University (UG)
  • Rakai Health Sciences Program (UG)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Wawer, Maria J.
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2005-05
Volume
191
Issue
9
Pages
1403-1409
ISSN
  • 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-6613
DOI
10.1086/429411
OpenAlex
W2160226661
Cited by
1,258
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 98
FWCI
59.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01-AI-34826, R01AI034826)
  • Fogarty International Center
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (5P30 HDS 06826)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
Keywords
HIV-1 transmission, HIV discordant couples, monogamous couples, seroconversion, HIV viral load, genital ulcer disease, Rakai, Uganda, HIV prevention, antiretroviral therapy
MeSH terms
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Adolescent, Adult, Coitus, Female, Humans, Male, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Time Factors, Uganda, HIV-1, Incidence, Poisson Distribution, Viral Load

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review