Estimating and Modelling Bias of the Hierarchical Partitioning Public-Domain Software: Implications in Environmental Management and Conservation
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Hierarchical partitioning (HP) is an analytical method of multiple regression that identifies the most likely causal factors while alleviating multicollinearity problems. Its use is increasing in ecology and conservation by its usefulness for complementing multiple regression analysis. A public-domain software "hier.part package" has been developed for running HP in R software. Its authors highlight a "minor rounding error" for hierarchies constructed from >9 variables, however potential bias by using this module has not yet been examined. Knowing this bias is pivotal because, for example, the ranking obtained in HP is being used as a criterion for establishing priorities of conservation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using numerical simulations and two real examples, we assessed the robustness of this HP module in relation to the order the variables have in the analysis. Results indicated a considerable effect of the variable order on the amount of independent variance explained by predictors for models with >9 explanatory variables. For these models the nominal ranking of importance of the predictors changed with variable order, i.e. predictors declared important by its contribution in explaining the response variable frequently changed to be either most or less important with other variable orders. The probability of changing position of a variable was best explained by the difference in independent explanatory power between that variable and the previous one in the nominal ranking of importance. The lesser is this difference, the more likely is the change of position. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: HP should be applied with caution when more than 9 explanatory variables are used to know ranking of covariate importance. The explained variance is not a useful parameter to use in models with more than 9 independent variables. The inconsistency in the results obtained by HP should be considered in future studies as well as in those already published. Some recommendations to improve the analysis with this HP module are given.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Olea et al. have shown that for more than nine explanatory variables, the order in which variables are entered in an HP analysis can affect the amount of independent variance explained by a given predictor.
“Olea et al. (150) have shown that for more than nine explanatory variables, the order in which variables are entered in an HP analysis can affect the amount of independent variance explained by a given predictor.”
From Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web (2018) · cites this paper as [150]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,706 · see citing works
Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach.
Guthery, F. S., Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. (2003) · The Journal of Wildlife Management · doi:10.2307/3802723 · Cited by 41,495 · see citing works
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-6872 · Cited by 12,828 · see citing works
Brown, R. A., Hastie, T. J., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1991) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2532174 · Cited by 8,262 · see citing works
Koyak, R. A., Hastie, T. J., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1991) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290538 · Cited by 7,717 · see citing works
Crawley, M. J. (2007) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 5,431 · see citing works
Crawley, M. J. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470515075 · Cited by 3,939 · see citing works
Hastie, T. J., & Tibshirani, R. J. (2014) · Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online · doi:10.1002/9781118445112.stat03141 · Cited by 3,156 · see citing works
CONFRONTING MULTICOLLINEARITY IN ECOLOGICAL MULTIPLE REGRESSION
Graham, M. (2003) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/02-3114 · Cited by 2,583 · see citing works
Mac Nally, R. (2000) · Biodiversity & Conservation · doi:10.1023/a:1008985925162 · Cited by 938 · see citing works
Chevan, A., & Sutherland, M. (1991) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.1991.10475776 · Cited by 761 · see citing works
Is conservation triage just smart decision making?
Bottrill, M. C., Joseph, L. N., Carwardine, J., Bode, M., Cook, C. N., Game, E. T., Grantham, H. S., Kark, S., Linke, S., McDonald‐Madden, E., et al. (2008) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.07.007 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Fish Invasions in the World's River Systems: When Natural Processes Are Blurred by Human Activities
Leprieur, F., Beauchard, O., Blanchet, S., Oberdorff, T., & Brosse, S. (2008) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060028 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Prioritizing global conservation efforts
Wilson, K. A., McBride, M. F., Bode, M., & Possingham, H. P. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04366 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Mac Nally, R. (2002) · Biodiversity & Conservation · doi:10.1023/a:1016250716679 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Hierarchical Partitioning Public-domain Software
Nally, R. M., & Walsh, C. J. (2003) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1023/b:bioc.0000009515.11717.0b · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Optimal Conservation of Migratory Species
Martin, T. G., Chadès, I., Arcese, P., Marra, P. P., Possingham, H. P., & Norris, D. R. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000751 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Heikkinen, R. K., Luoto, M., Virkkala, R., & Rainio, K. (2004) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.0021-8901.2004.00938.x · Cited by 353 · see citing works
McAlpine, C., Rhodes, J. R., Callaghan, J. G., Bowen, M. E., Lunney, D., Mitchell, D. L., Pullar, D. V., & Possingham, H. P. (2006) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.03.021 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
New insights into butterfly–environment relationships using partitioning methods
Heikkinen, R. K., Luoto, M., Kuussaari, M., & Pöyry, J. (2005) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3212 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Buse, J., Schröder, B., & Aßmann, T. (2007) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.02.025 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Carrete, M., Grande, J. M., Tella, J. L., Sánchez‐Zapata, J. A., Donázar, J. A., Dı́az-Delgado, R., & Romo, A. (2007) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.025 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Regression Techniques for Examining Land Use/Cover Change: A Case Study of a Mediterranean Landscape
Millington, J. D. A., Perry, G. L. W., & Calcerrada, R. R. (2007) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10021-007-9020-4 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Leprieur, F., Beauchard, O., Blanchet, S., Oberdorff, T., & Brosse, S. (2008) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060322 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Determinants of the biogeographical distribution of butterflies in boreal regions
Luoto, M., Heikkinen, R. K., Pöyry, J., & Saarinen, K. (2006) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01395.x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Walsh, C. J., Papas, P., Crowther, D., Sim, P. T., & Yoo, J. (2004) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1023/b:bioc.0000011726.38121.b0 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
de Frutos, Á., Olea, P. P., & Vera, R. (2006) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.07.007 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationGibson, L. A., Wilson, B. A., & Aberton, J. G. (2004) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2004.01.027 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Müller, J. C., Pöllath, J., Moshammer, R., & Schröder, B. (2008) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.023 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Combining scales in habitat models to improve conservation planning in an endangered vulture
Mateo‐Tomás, P., & Olea, P. P. (2009) · Acta Oecologica · doi:10.1016/j.actao.2009.03.004 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationMarini, L., Prosser, F., Klimek, S., & Marrs, R. H. (2008) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01924.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
STATUS OF THE LESSER KESTREL IN SOUTH AFRICA
Siegfried, W. R., & Skead, D. M. (1971) · Ostrich · doi:10.1080/00306525.1971.9634388 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Olea, P. P. (2008) · Population Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10144-008-0106-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 34 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [27]Cramp S Simmons KEL 1980 The Birds of the Western Paleartic. Vol II Oxford University press, Oxford
- [32]Crawley MJ 2007 The R Book Chichester, England John Wiley and Sons, Ltd
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web
Lister, B. C., & Garcia, A. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1722477115 · Cited by 730 · see citing works
Effects of stand age, richness and density on productivity in subtropical forests in China
Ouyang, S., Xiang, W., Wang, X., Xiao, W., Chen, L., Li, S., Sun, H., Deng, X., Forrester, D. I., Zeng, L., et al. (2019) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13194 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Davy, A. J., Brown, M. J., Mossman, H. L., & Grant, A. (2011) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01870.x · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Renard, Q., Pélissier, R., Ramesh, B. R., & Kodandapani, N. (2012) · International Journal of Wildland Fire · doi:10.1071/wf10109 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Linking life history traits to pollinator loss in fragmented calcareous grasslands
Jauker, B., Krauß, J., Jauker, F., & Steffan-Dewenter, I. D. (2012) · Landscape Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10980-012-9820-6 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Building biodiversity: drivers of bird and butterfly diversity on tropical urban roof gardens
Wang, J. W., Poh, C. H., Tan, C. Y. T., Lee, V. N., Jain, A., & Webb, E. L. (2017) · Ecosphere · doi:10.1002/ecs2.1905 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Culbert, P. D., Radeloff, V. C., Flather, C. H., Kellndorfer, J., Rittenhouse, C. D., & Pidgeon, A. M. (2013) · The Auk · doi:10.1525/auk.2013.13007 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Elevational patterns of bird functional and phylogenetic structure in the central Himalaya
Ding, Z., Hu, H., Cadotte, M. W., Liang, J., Hu, Y., & Si, X. (2021) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/ecog.05660 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Bat richness and activity in heterogeneous landscapes: guild-specific and scale-dependent?
Mendes, E. S., Fonseca, C. M. D., Marques, S. F., Maia, D., & Pereira, M. J. R. (2016) · Landscape Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10980-016-0444-0 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Mao, Z., Gu, X., Cao, Y., Zhang, M., Zeng, Q., Chen, H., Shen, R., & Jeppesen, E. (2020) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10021-020-00480-0 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Drivers of forest fire occurrence in the cultural landscape of Central Europe
Adámek, M., Jankovská, Z., Hadincová, V., Kula, E., & Wild, J. (2018) · Landscape Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10980-018-0712-2 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Kutt, A. S., & Fisher, A. (2011) · The Rangeland Journal · doi:10.1071/rj10065 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Pardo-Barquín, E., Mateo‐Tomás, P., & Olea, P. P. (2018) · Basic and Applied Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.baae.2018.08.005 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, Y., Ouyang, W., Yin, S., Tan, Z., & Ren, C. (2023) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110225 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Bessa, A. S., Carvalho, J., Gomes, A., & Santarém, F. (2015) · Insect Conservation and Diversity · doi:10.1111/icad.12140 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Sun, S., Xiang, W., Ouyang, S., Hu, Y., & Peng, C. H. (2024) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.17561 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Hazlett, P. W., Emilson, C. E., Lawrence, G. B., Fernandez, I. J., Ouimet, R., & Bailey, S. W. (2020) · Soil Systems · doi:10.3390/soilsystems4030054 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Graham, C. A., Maron, M., & McAlpine, C. (2012) · Wildlife Research · doi:10.1071/wr12008 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Graeff, T., Zehe, E., Blume, T., Francke, T., & Schröder, B. (2012) · Hydrological Processes · doi:10.1002/hyp.8463 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Treml, V., & Chuman, T. (2015) · Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research · doi:10.1657/aaar0013-108 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Ding, Z., Liang, J., Hu, Y., Zhou, Z., Sun, H., Liu, L., Liu, H., Hu, H., & Si, X. (2019) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.5040 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Mateo‐Tomás, P., & Olea, P. P. (2011) · Ibis · doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2011.01154.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationHeineman, K. D., Russo, S. E., Baillie, I. C., Mamit, J. D., Chai, P. P.-K., Chai, L., Hindley, E. W., Lau, B.-T., Tan, S., & ASHTON, P. S. (2015) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-12-5735-2015 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Pomares, A. L., López-Iborra, G. M., & Cantarino, C. M. (2015) · Journal of Arid Environments · doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.02.021 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Efficacy of population size structure as a bioassessment tool in freshwaters
Murphy, C. A., Casals, F., Solà, C., Caiola, N. A., de Sostoa, A., & García‐Berthou, E. (2013) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.06.007 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Nonlinear biomarker interactions in conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease
Popescu, S. G., Whittington, A., Gunn, R. N., Matthews, P. M., Glocker, B., Sharp, D. J., Cole, J. H., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2020) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25133 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Barros, T., Carvalho, J., Pereira, M. J. R., Ferreira, J. P., & Fonseca, C. M. D. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133768 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Jansson, I., Mertens, K. N., Head, M. J., de Vernal, A., Londeix, L., Marret, F., Matthießen, J., & Sangiorgi, F. (2014) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.01.012 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Biogeographic patterns of nutrient resorption from Q uercus variabilis B lume leaves across C hina
Sun, X., Kang, H., Chen, H. Y. H., Björn, B., Samuel, B. F., & Liu, C. (2015) · Plant Biology · doi:10.1111/plb.12420 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
García-García, J. L., & Santos‐Moreno, A. (2014) · Revista de Biología Tropical · doi:10.15517/rbt.v62i1.12094 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Bera, D., Chatterjee, N. D., Mumtaz, F., Dinda, S., Ghosh, S., Zhao, N., Bera, S., & Tariq, A. (2022) · Land · doi:10.3390/land11091461 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Age effects on the climatic signal in Araucaria araucana from xeric sites in Patagonia, Argentina
Hadad, M. A., Roig, F. A., Boninsegna, J. A., & Patón, D. (2014) · Plant Ecology & Diversity · doi:10.1080/17550874.2014.980350 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Bloch, C. P., & Klingbeil, B. T. (2015) · Marine Ecology · doi:10.1111/maec.12250 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Decline of the greater glider (Petauroides volans) in the lower Blue Mountains, New South Wales
Smith, P., & Smith, J. E. (2018) · Australian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1071/zo18021 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Moudrý, V., & Šímová, P. (2013) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.08.001 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Soil microbial communities shift along an urban gradient in Berlin, Germany
Whitehead, J., Roy, J., Hempel, S., & Rillig, M. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.972052 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Shen, Z., Fei, S., Feng, J., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Tang, Z., Wang, X., Wu, X., Zheng, C., Zhu, B., et al. (2012) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.00049.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Pérez‐Granados, C., López-Iborra, G. M., & Seoane, J. (2016) · Bird Conservation International · doi:10.1017/s0959270916000356 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Lampinen, J., Heikkinen, R. K., Manninen, P., Ryttäri, T., & Kuussaari, M. (2017) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-017-1430-9 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Evaluating methods to quantify spatial variation in the velocity of biological invasions
Tisseuil, C., Gryspeirt, A., Lancelot, R., Pioz, M., Liebhold, A., & Gilbert, M. (2015) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/ecog.01393 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Guo, W., Lambertini, C., Pyšek, P., Meyerson, L. A., & Brix, H. (2018) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.3869 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
What Makes Wildfires Destructive in California?
Syphard, A. D., Keeley, J. E., Gough, M., Lazarz, M. T., & Rogan, J. S. (2022) · Fire · doi:10.3390/fire5050133 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Shen, Z., Fang, J., Chiu, C., & Chen, T. (2014) · Applied Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/avsc.12108 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Vilchez-Mendoza, S. J., Gurdian, A. R., Avelino, J., DeClerck, F., Bommel, P., Betbeder, J., Cilas, C., & Beilhe, L. B. (2022) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2022.107903 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Responses of arid plant species diversity and composition to environmental factors
Shi, H., Feng, Z., Shi, Q., Li, M., Dai, Y., Zhang, Z., & Zhu, C. (2023) · Journal of Forestry Research · doi:10.1007/s11676-023-01618-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Valiela, I., Chenoweth, K., Lloret, J., Teal, J. M., Howes, B. L., & Goehringer, D. D. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161546 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Sullivan, S. M. P., Hossler, K., & Cianfrani, C. M. (2015) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10021-015-9904-7 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Nutrient indicators of agricultural impacts in the tributaries of a large lake
North, R. L. (2013) · Inland Waters · doi:10.5268/iw-3.2.565 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Cao, Y., & Wang, L. (2023) · Water · doi:10.3390/w15040734 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lin, H., Wang, X., Zhong, M., Tang, K., Du, Y., Xu, H., Yi, J., Liu, W., & Hu, J. (2024) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/jbi.14827 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Doi, H., Heeren, A., & Maurage, P. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092612 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Steffens, T. S., & Lehman, S. M. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139871822.026 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Contributions of Hydrology to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Emergence in the Western USA
Elias, E. H., McVey, D. S., Peters, D. P. C., Derner, J., Pelzel‐McCluskey, A. M., Schrader, T. S., & Rodrı́guez, L. L. (2018) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10021-018-0278-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Factors shaping avian alien species richness in Australia vs Europe
McKinney, M., & Kark, S. (2017) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1111/ddi.12625 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bauder, J. M., Breininger, D. R., Bolt, M. R., Legare, M. L., Jenkins, C. L., Rothermel, B. B., & McGarigal, K. (2020) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/jzo.12777 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
South, E. J., DeWalt, R. E., & Cao, Y. (2018) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-018-3842-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Influence of hunting on movements of moose near roads
Neumann, W., & Ericsson, G. (2018) · Journal of Wildlife Management · doi:10.1002/jwmg.21448 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Conclusions and Future Challenges
Birks, H. J. B. (2012) · Developments in paleoenvironmental research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2745-8_21 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Khatiwada, J. R., Zhao, T., & Jiang, J. (2020) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102653 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Environmental factors influencing spotted hyena and lion population biomass across Africa
Jones, A. K., Blockley, S. P. E., Schreve, D., & Carbone, C. (2021) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.8359 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
More fruits, more birds? How plant traits attract birds feeding in urban green spaces during winter
Li, K., Hu, W., Chen, X., Zhang, M., Ye, K., Zhu, H., & Zhao, H. (2025) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128748 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Increasing spruce budworm defoliation increases catchment discharge in conifer forests
Sidhu, H., Kidd, K. A., Emilson, E. J. S., Stastny, M., Venier, L., Kielstra, B. W., & McCarter, C. P. R. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168561 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Factors predicting habitat use by leopards in human-altered landscapes
McManus, J. S., Marshal, J. P., Keith, M., Tshabalala, T., Smuts, B., & Treves, A. (2021) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyab110 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Huguet, A., Barillé, L., Soudant, D., Petitgas, P., Gohin, F., & Lefebvre, A. (2023) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115870 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
de Lucena, W. B., Vicentini, M. E., Santos, G. A. D. A., Silva, B. D. O., da Costa, D. V. M., Canteral, K. F. F., Román, J. A. N., Rolim, G. D. S., Panosso, A. R., & Scala, N. L. (2022) · Journal of South American Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2022.104120 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Mathias, J. M., Smith, K. R., Lantz, K. E., Allen, K., Wright, M. J., Sabet, A., Anderson‐Teixeira, K. J., & Thomas, R. B. (2023) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.16673 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Species‐area relationships of lemurs in a fragmented landscape in Madagascar
Steffens, T. S., & Lehman, S. M. (2019) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.22972 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Managing coniferous production forests towards bat conservation
Pereira, M. J. R., Peste, F., Paula, A., Pereira, P., Bernardino, J., Vieira, J. G. M. S., Bastos, C. A. C., Mascarenhas, M., Costa, H. A., & Fonseca, C. M. D. (2016) · Wildlife Research · doi:10.1071/wr14256 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Liu, X., Feng, Y., Liu, P.-L., Zhang, Q., Njoroge, B., Qing, Z., Gan, X., Zhang, W., & Li, Y. (2022) · Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101102 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Alves, F., López-Iborra, G. M., Stojanović, D., & Silveira, L. F. (2017) · Emu - Austral Ornithology · doi:10.1080/01584197.2017.1326010 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Correa, C. M. A., Salomão, R. P., Alvarado, F., Guzzo, É. C., & Ferreira, K. R. (2023) · Urban Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s11252-023-01488-9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The role of squatters in retention of native vegetation: A case study of the Chyulu Hills, Kenya
Muriuki, G., McAlpine, C., Seabrook, L., & BAXTER, G. S. (2010) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.11.017 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Pretty, T. J., Chanyi, C.-M., Kuhn, C., & Gray, D. K. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences · doi:10.1139/cjfas-2020-0141 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Tew, E. R., Conway, G. J., Henderson, I., Milodowski, D. T., Swinfield, T., & Sutherland, W. J. (2022) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1002/eap.2678 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hargrove, L., & Rotenberry, J. T. (2011) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02525.x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Järvenpää, S., Kytöviita, M.-M., Pitkämäki, T., & Lampinen, J. (2022) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-022-02492-9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Dry Climate Filters Gymnosperms but Not Angiosperms through Seed Mass
Yang, Q., Liu, H., Xu, C., Dai, J., & Han, B. (2023) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d15030401 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
McCarter, C. P. R., Sebestyen, S. D., Jeremiason, J. D., Nater, E. A., & Kolka, R. K. (2024) · Water Resources Research · doi:10.1029/2023wr036513 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Exploring the Added Value of Population Distribution Indicators for Studies of European Urban Form
Guo, C., Schwarz, N., & Buchmann, C. M. (2017) · Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy · doi:10.1007/s12061-017-9225-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Costa, M. K. S., França, F. M., Brocardo, C. R., & Fadini, R. F. (2022) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120277 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Xu, Y., Shen, Z., Zhang, J., Zang, R., & Jiang, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.540948 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Zhao, Z., Feng, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., & Zhou, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2022.1087866 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mashiane, K. K., Ramoelo, A., & Adelabu, S. A. (2023) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-023-02560-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Conservation ecology of butterflies on Cyprus in the context of Natura 2000
Tzirkalli, E., Kadis, C., Halley, J. M., Vogiatzakis, I. Ν., Wilson, R. J., Zografou, K., Antoniou, A., Tsintides, T., Makris, C., & Kati, V. I. (2019) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-019-01755-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Patón, D. (2021) · Ecologies · doi:10.3390/ecologies2040020 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Stockwell, C. A., Fisher, J. D. L., & McLean, K. I. (2016) · Wetlands · doi:10.1007/s13157-016-0847-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Bermúdez‐Cavero, A. O., Gil-Delgado, J. A., & López-Iborra, G. M. (2021) · Animal Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.32800/abc.2021.44.0279 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Global Meta‐Analysis Reveals the Responses of Carbon Cycle to Grazing Exclusion in Grasslands
Wan, L., Liu, G., & Su, X. (2025) · Land Degradation and Development · doi:10.1002/ldr.70190 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Durán, F., Méndez, M. A., & Correa, C. (2021) · BMC Zoology · doi:10.1186/s40850-021-00090-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ren, Y., Zhao, X., Feng, Y., Liu, P.-L., Zhang, L., Yang, D., Huang, F., Zhang, W., & Liu, X. (2025) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134644 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Irakiza, R., Andika, D. O., Arnold, W., Samuel, M., Paul, M., & Kirika, P. M. (2022) · American Journal of Plant Sciences · doi:10.4236/ajps.2022.136059 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ranking the explanatory power of factors associated with worldwide new Covid-19 casesPreprint
Moustakas, A. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-702119/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Species Diversity and Conservation of Typhlocybinae (Heteroptera: Cicadellidae) in China
Zhao, Z., Feng, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., & Zhou, Z. (2024) · Journal of Entomological Science · doi:10.18474/jes23-26 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The role of exposure on the vertical variation of mudflat sediment erodibility
Dong, C., Chen, Y., Townend, I. H., Wu, Y., Guo, Z., Jiang, Q., Coco, G., Bryan, K. R., & Zhou, Z. (2025) · Marine Geology · doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2025.107579 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chen, Y. F., & Escalante, T. (2018) · Australian Systematic Botany · doi:10.1071/sb17001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chen, S., Hu, H., Rong, K., Ding, Z., Zhou, Z., Liang, J., Yu, D., Singh, P. B., & Hu, Y. (2024) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03026 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Breeding Season Habitat Selection of the Eurasian Collared Dove in a Dry Mediterranean Landscape
Bermúdez‐Cavero, A. O., Bernat‐Ponce, E., Gil-Delgado, J. A., & López-Iborra, G. M. (2024) · Birds · doi:10.3390/birds5040050 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Leiva-González, E. M., Navarrete‐Gutiérrez, D., Ruíz-Montoya, L., Santos‐Moreno, A., Kraker‐Castañeda, C., & García-Bautista, M. (2018) · Mammal Research · doi:10.1007/s13364-018-0403-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Olea, P. P., Mateo-Tomás, P., & de Frutos, Á.
- Affiliations
- IE University (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Olea, Pedro P.
- ORCID
- Olea, Pedro P.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2010-07-21
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e11698
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2908144
- OpenAlex
- W2089525213
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Statistical Methods and Models
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Data Analysis with R
- Keywords
- hierarchical partitioning, multicollinearity, explained variance, conservation prioritization, environmental management, ecological inference, numerical simulation
- MeSH terms
- Conservation of Natural Resources, Environmental Monitoring, Models, Theoretical, Software, Bias
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
