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Risky Decisions and Their Consequences: Neural Processing by Boys with Antisocial Substance Disorder
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BACKGROUND: Adolescents with conduct and substance problems ("Antisocial Substance Disorder" (ASD)) repeatedly engage in risky antisocial and drug-using behaviors. We hypothesized that, during processing of risky decisions and resulting rewards and punishments, brain activation would differ between abstinent ASD boys and comparison boys. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We compared 20 abstinent adolescent male patients in treatment for ASD with 20 community controls, examining rapid event-related blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses during functional magnetic resonance imaging. In 90 decision trials participants chose to make either a cautious response that earned one cent, or a risky response that would either gain 5 cents or lose 10 cents; odds of losing increased as the game progressed. We also examined those times when subjects experienced wins, or separately losses, from their risky choices. We contrasted decision trials against very similar comparison trials requiring no decisions, using whole-brain BOLD-response analyses of group differences, corrected for multiple comparisons. During decision-making ASD boys showed hypoactivation in numerous brain regions robustly activated by controls, including orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, anterior cingulate, basal ganglia, insula, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum. While experiencing wins, ASD boys had significantly less activity than controls in anterior cingulate, temporal regions, and cerebellum, with more activity nowhere. During losses ASD boys had significantly more activity than controls in orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, brain stem, and cerebellum, with less activity nowhere. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Adolescent boys with ASD had extensive neural hypoactivity during risky decision-making, coupled with decreased activity during reward and increased activity during loss. These neural patterns may underlie the dangerous, excessive, sustained risk-taking of such boys. The findings suggest that the dysphoria, reward insensitivity, and suppressed neural activity observed among older addicted persons also characterize youths early in the development of substance use disorders.
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“Crowley and colleagues [653] found that adolescents with CD and comorbid substance-use disorder displayed relative hypoactivation in the striatum and ACC during risky decision-making for rewards.”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [653]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Crowley, T. J., Dalwani, M. S., Mikulich-Gilbertson, S. K., Du, Y. P., Lejuez, C. W., Raymond, K. M., & Banich, M. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Crowley, Thomas J.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2010-09-22
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e12835
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2943904
- OpenAlex
- W2121848896
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (011015)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P60DA011015, DA009842, R37DA009842, R01DA009842)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- risky decision making, adolescent boys, substance use disorders, conduct disorder, reward processing, punishment processing, orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, cerebellum, brainstem, risk-taking
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Brain, Brain Mapping, Decision Making, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Risk-Taking, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult
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