The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mind the Gap: Upgrading Genomes with Pacific Biosciences RS Long-Read Sequencing Technology
Open accessAbstract
Many genomes have been sequenced to high-quality draft status using Sanger capillary electrophoresis and/or newer short-read sequence data and whole genome assembly techniques. However, even the best draft genomes contain gaps and other imperfections due to limitations in the input data and the techniques used to build draft assemblies. Sequencing biases, repetitive genomic features, genomic polymorphism, and other complicating factors all come together to make some regions difficult or impossible to assemble. Traditionally, draft genomes were upgraded to "phase 3 finished" status using time-consuming and expensive Sanger-based manual finishing processes. For more facile assembly and automated finishing of draft genomes, we present here an automated approach to finishing using long-reads from the Pacific Biosciences RS (PacBio) platform. Our algorithm and associated software tool, PBJelly, (publicly available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/pb-jelly/) automates the finishing process using long sequence reads in a reference-guided assembly process. PBJelly also provides "lift-over" co-ordinate tables to easily port existing annotations to the upgraded assembly. Using PBJelly and long PacBio reads, we upgraded the draft genome sequences of a simulated Drosophila melanogaster, the version 2 draft Drosophila pseudoobscura, an assembly of the Assemblathon 2.0 budgerigar dataset, and a preliminary assembly of the Sooty mangabey. With 24× mapped coverage of PacBio long-reads, we addressed 99% of gaps and were able to close 69% and improve 12% of all gaps in D. pseudoobscura. With 4× mapped coverage of PacBio long-reads we saw reads address 63% of gaps in our budgerigar assembly, of which 32% were closed and 63% improved. With 6.8× mapped coverage of mangabey PacBio long-reads we addressed 97% of gaps and closed 66% of addressed gaps and improved 19%. The accuracy of gap closure was validated by comparison to Sanger sequencing on gaps from the original D. pseudoobscura draft assembly and shown to be dependent on initial reference quality.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, C. F. G. R., Lander, E. S., Linton, L. M., Birren, B., Nusbaum, C., Zody, M. C., Baldwin, J., Devon, K., Dewar, K., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35057062 · Cited by 24,216
Self-citationVelvet: Algorithms for de novo short read assembly using de Bruijn graphs
Zerbino, D. R., & Birney, E. (2008) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.074492.107 · Cited by 9,491
Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana
Initiative, T. A. G. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35048692 · Cited by 9,301
Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome
Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01262 · Cited by 7,187
The Genome Sequence of Drosophila melanogaster
Adams, M. D., Celniker, S. E., Holt, R. A., Evans, C. A., Gocayne, J. D., Amanatides, P. G., Scherer, S. E., Li, P. W., Hoskins, R. A., Galle, R. F., et al. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2185 · Cited by 5,929
Self-citationWhole-Genome Random Sequencing and Assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd
Fleischmann, R. D., Adams, M. D., White, O., Clayton, R. A., Kirkness, E. F., Kerlavage, A. R., Bult, C. J., Tomb, J.-F., Dougherty, B. A., Merrick, J. M., et al. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7542800 · Cited by 5,654
Genome Sequence of the Nematode C. elegans : A Platform for Investigating Biology
The C. elegans Sequencing Consortium* (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5396.2012 · Cited by 4,485
Real-Time DNA Sequencing from Single Polymerase Molecules
Eid, J., Fehr, A., Gray, J., Luong, K., Lyle, J., Otto, G., Peluso, P., Rank, D., Baybayan, P., Bettman, B., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1162986 · Cited by 3,732
ABySS: A parallel assembler for short read sequence data
Simpson, J. T., Wong, K., Jackman, S. D., Schein, J. E., Jones, S. J. M., & Birol, İ. (2009) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.089532.108 · Cited by 3,608
De novo assembly of human genomes with massively parallel short read sequencing
Li, R., Zhu, H., Ruan, J., Qian, W., Fang, X., Shi, Z., Li, Y., Li, S., Shan, G., Kristiansen, K., et al. (2010) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.097261.109 · Cited by 2,926 · cited 1×
“Second-generation genome assemblies have been based on shorter read, massively parallel sequencing technologies and De Bruijn graph assembly techniques [12–15] Depending on the dataset quality, polymorphism, and repetitiveness of the target genome, both approaches generate draft genomes with contig N50 sizes ranging f…”
Cited by
Nonhybrid, finished microbial genome assemblies from long-read SMRT sequencing data
Chin, C.-S., Alexander, D. H., Marks, P., Klammer, A. A., Drake, J., Heiner, C., Clum, A., Copeland, A., Huddleston, J., Eichler, E. E., et al. (2013) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2474 · Cited by 4,029
Towards complete and error-free genome assemblies of all vertebrate species
Rhie, A., McCarthy, S. A., Fedrigo, O., Damas, J., Formenti, G., Koren, S., Uliano-Silva, M., Chow, W., Fungtammasan, A., Kim, J., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03451-0 · Cited by 3,097
Towards complete and error-free genome assemblies of all vertebrate species
Rhie, A., McCarthy, S. A., Fedrigo, O., Damas, J., Formenti, G., Koren, S., Uliano-Silva, M., Chow, W., Fungtammasan, A., Gedman, G. L., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.05.22.110833 · Cited by 3,097
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular Characterization, Evolution, and Epidemiology
Lakhundi, S., & Zhang, K. (2018) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00020-18 · Cited by 1,637
Assembling large genomes with single-molecule sequencing and locality-sensitive hashing
Berlin, K., Koren, S., Chin, C.-S., Drake, J. P., Landolin, J. M., & Phillippy, A. M. (2015) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3238 · Cited by 934
Metadata
- Authors
- English, A. C., Richards, S., Han, Y., Wang, M., Vee, V., Qu, J., Qin, X., Muzny, D. M., Reid, J. G., Worley, K. C., & Gibbs, R. A.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-11-21
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e47768
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1974640383
- Cited by
- 889
- References
- 21
- FWCI
- 13.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Mind the Gap: Upgrading Genomes with Pacific Biosciences RS Long-Read Sequencing Technology. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1371/journal.pone.0047768
- The paper
- English, A. C., Richards, S., Han, Y., Wang, M., Vee, V., Qu, J., Qin, X., Muzny, D. M., Reid, J. G., Worley, K. C., & Gibbs, R. A. (2012). Mind the Gap: Upgrading Genomes with Pacific Biosciences RS Long-Read Sequencing Technology. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047768
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.