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Cited by 35Obesity, Physical Activity, DietDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsHealth disparities and outcomes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Population Trends and Variation in Body Mass Index from 1971 to 2008 in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort

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Block, Jason P., Subramanian, S. V., Christakis, Nicholas A., O’Malley, A. James·2013·PLoS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0063217PMC PMC3651246
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We examined body mass index (BMI) across place and time to determine the pattern of BMI mean and standard deviation trajectories. METHODS: We included participants in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring Cohort over eight waves of follow-up, from 1971 to 2008. After exclusions, the final sample size was 4569 subjects with 28,625 observations. We used multi-level models to examine population means and variation at the individual and neighborhood (census tracts) levels across time with measured BMI as the outcome, controlling for individual demographics and behaviors and neighborhood poverty. Because neighborhoods accounted for limited BMI variance, we removed this level as a source of variation in final models. We examined sex-stratified models with all subjects and models stratified by sex and baseline weight classification. RESULTS: Mean BMI increased from 24.0 kg/m(2) at Wave 1 to 27.7 at Wave 8 for women and from 26.6 kg/m(2) to 29.0 for men. In final models, BMI variation also increased from Waves 1 to 8, with the standard deviation increasing from 4.18 kg/m(2) to 6.15 for women and 3.31 kg/m(2) to 4.73 for men. BMI means increased in parallel across most baseline BMI weight classifications, except for more rapid increases through middle-age for obese women followed by declines in the last wave. BMI standard deviations also increased in parallel across baseline BMI classifications for women, with greater divergence of BMI variance for obese men compared to other weight classifications. CONCLUSION: Over nearly 40 years, BMI mean and variation increased in parallel across most baseline weight classifications in our sample. Individual-level characteristics, especially baseline BMI, were the primary factors in rising BMI. These findings have important implications not only for understanding the sources of the obesity epidemic in the United States but also for the targeting of interventions to address the epidemic.

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  • It is well-established that obesity is related to menstrual disorders, infertility, miscarriage, obstetric complications, live birth rate and can affect the success of assisted reproductive technology.

    “It is well-established that obesity is related to menstrual disorders, infertility, miscarriage, obstetric complications, live birth rate and can affect the success of assisted reproductive technology.29–32”

    From Real-world menstrual cycle characteristics of more than 600,000 menstrual cycles (2019) · cites this paper as [32]

    The Results and Discussion address BMI trends and weight gain in the Framingham cohort, not reproductive outcomes. Searches for menstrual disorders, infertility, miscarriage, obstetric complications, live birth, and assisted reproductive technology found no passage addressing the claimed relationships. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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Metadata

Authors
Block, J. P., Subramanian, S. V., Christakis, N. A., & O’Malley, A. J.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Block, Jason P.
ORCID
Venue
PLoS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2013-05-10
Volume
8
Issue
5
Pages
e63217
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0063217
PMC
PMC3651246
OpenAlex
W2085927068
Cited by
35
References
22
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4
FWCI
4.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health (n01hc25195-41-0-1, 5k25hl081275-05)
  • National Institute on Aging (P01AG031093)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01‐HC25195, P30HL101312, K25 HL081275), N01-HC-025195, HL109263, R01HL109263)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Keywords
body mass index, obesity epidemic, secular trends, sex differences, Framingham Offspring cohort
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Population Surveillance, Risk Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century

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