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Abundances of Tetracycline, Sulphonamide and Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) with Different Waste Load
Open accessAbstract
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria enter wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), an environment where resistance genes can potentially spread and exchange between microbes. Several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were quantified using qPCR in three WWTPs of decreasing capacity located in Helsinki, Tallinn, and Tartu, respectively: sulphonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2), tetracycline resistance genes (tetM and tetC), and resistance genes for extended spectrum beta-lactams (blaoxa-58, blashv-34, and blactx-m-32). To avoid inconsistencies among qPCR assays we normalised the ARG abundances with 16S rRNA gene abundances while assessing if the respective genes increased or decreased during treatment. ARGs were detected in most samples; sul1, sul2, and tetM were detected in all samples. Statistically significant differences (adjusted p<0.01) between the inflow and effluent were detected in only four cases. Effluent values for blaoxa-58 and tetC decreased in the two larger plants while tetM decreased in the medium-sized plant. Only blashv-34 increased in the effluent from the medium-sized plant. In all other cases the purification process caused no significant change in the relative abundance of resistance genes, while the raw abundances fell by several orders of magnitude. Standard water quality variables (biological oxygen demand, total phosphorus and nitrogen, etc.) were weakly related or unrelated to the relative abundance of resistance genes. Based on our results we conclude that there is neither considerable enrichment nor purification of antibiotic resistance genes in studied conventional WWTPs.
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Rizzo, L., Manaia, C., Merlin, C., Schwartz, T., Dagot, C., Ploy, M. C., Michael, I., & Fatta-Kassinos, D. (2013) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.032 · Cited by 2,493
Cited by
Antibiotic-Resistance Genes in Waste Water
Karkman, A., Do, T. T., Walsh, F., & Virta, M. P. J. (2018) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2017.09.005 · Cited by 955
Self-citationWang, J., Chu, L., Wojnárovits, L., & Takács, E. (2020) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140997 · Cited by 895
Environmental antimicrobial resistance and its drivers: a potential threat to public health
Samreen, Ahmad, I., Malak, H. A., & Abulreesh, H. H. (2021) · Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance · doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2021.08.001 · Cited by 727
Karkman, A., Pärnänen, K., & Larsson, D. G. J. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07992-3 · Cited by 628
Self-citationChristou, A., Agüera, A., Bayona, J. M., Cytryn, E., Fotopoulos, V., Lambropoulou, D., Manaia, C. M., Michael, C., Revitt, M., Schröder, P., et al. (2017) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.004 · Cited by 590
Metadata
- Authors
- Laht, M., Karkman, A., Voolaid, V., Ritz, C., Tenson, T., Virta, M., & Kisand, V.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-08-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e103705
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2166037829
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 8.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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- Laht, M., Karkman, A., Voolaid, V., Ritz, C., Tenson, T., Virta, M., & Kisand, V. (2014). Abundances of Tetracycline, Sulphonamide and Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) with Different Waste Load. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103705
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