Procurement and Supply Management System for MDR-TB in Nigeria: Are the Early Warning Targets for Drug Stock Outs and Over Stock of Drugs Being Achieved?
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organisation (WHO) introduced the twelve early warning indicators for monitoring and evaluating drug Procurement and Supply management (PSM) systems, intended to prevent drug stock-outs and overstocking. Nigeria--one of the high Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) burden countries, scaled-up treatment in 2012 with the concurrent implementation of a PSM system. METHOD: We evaluated how well this system functioned using the WHO indicators, including all seven MDR-TB treatment centres in the country that were functional throughout 2013. RESULTS: The quantity of MDR-TB drugs ordered for 2013 matched the annual forecast and all central orders placed during the year were delivered in full and on time. Drug consumption was 81%-106% of the quantity allocated for routine consumption. Timely submission of complete inventory reports ranged from 86-100%, late submissions being 5-15 days late. Forty to 71% of treatment centres placed a drug order when stock was below the minimum level of three months. The proportion of drug orders received at the treatment centres in full and on time ranged from 29-80%, late orders being 1-19 days late. CONCLUSION: The PSM was found to be performing well in terms of forecasting and procurement of MDR-TB drugs, but there were shortcomings in drug distribution, reporting at treatment centre level and in drug order placements. Despite these gaps, there were no stock outs. These findings indicate that where it matters most, namely ensuring that no drug stock outs affect patient management, the PSM system is effective. Addressing the observed shortcomings will help to strengthen the existing PSM system in anticipation of a growing MDR-TB case burden in the country.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The review identified delay, transportation, and distribution challenges in Nigeria's medicine and vaccine supply chains, including delays in importation, difficulty maintaining delivery vehicles, delays due to inventory report submission, inaccurate inventory reports, vehicle breakdowns, insecurity during vaccine transportation, logistics distance between manufacturer and Nigeria, and inabilityto
“Delays in importation and difficulty in maintaining delivery vehicles. Distribution challenge due to delay in submission of inventory reports and submission of inaccurate inventory reports, insecurity during transportation of vaccines and logistics distance between manufacturer and Nigeria. Inability to monitor and maintain optimum temperatures for vaccines during transportation”
From Medicines and vaccines supply chains challenges in Nigeria: a scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [24]
Most of the data, including those from multiple centres such as the seven multi-drug resistant tuberculosis centres, were more likely to be from urban areas, and thus less likely to be nationally representative.
“Nonetheless, most of the data, including those from multiple centres, for example, the seven multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) centres [24] were more likely to be from urban areas, and, thus, less likely to be nationally representative.”
From Medicines and vaccines supply chains challenges in Nigeria: a scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [24]
Many reviewed studies used data from multiple centres across the country or population-based surveys, and thus may be nationally representative.
“Many of the reviewed studies used data from multiple centres across the country (or population-based surveys) [3, 8, 15, 20, 22–24, 28, 31, 33, 34, 37, 38], and thus, maybe nationally representative.”
From Medicines and vaccines supply chains challenges in Nigeria: a scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [24]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Global tuberculosis report (2014)
Gabbasova, L. A., & Who, E. R. E. (2014) · Cited by 12,702 · see citing works
Pasquet, A., Messou, E., Gabillard, D., Minga, A. K., Depoulosky, A., Deuffic‐Burban, S., Losina, E., Freedberg, K. A., Danel, C., Anglaret, X., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013414 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Windisch, R., Waiswa, P., Neuhann, F., Scheibe, F., & de Savigny, D. (2011) · Globalization and Health · doi:10.1186/1744-8603-7-25 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Prevalence of tuberculosis drug resistance in 10 provinces of China
He, G. X., Zhao, Y., Jiang, G. L., et al. (2008) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-166 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Interruptions in Supplies of Second-Line Antituberculosis Drugs—United States, 2005-2012
(2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.691 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Interruptions in supplies of second-line antituberculosis drugs--United States, 2005-2012.
(2013) · PubMed · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [3]Geeta A. Shortages of drugs threaten tuberculosis fight. The wall street Journal; 2013, 6. Available: wsj.com/articles/.
- [12]Management Sciences for Health. Managing drug supply 2nd Edition 1997 Connecticut USA: Kumarian Press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Medicines and vaccines supply chains challenges in Nigeria: a scoping review
Olutuase, V. O., Iwu-Jaja, C. J., Akuoko, C. P., Adewuyi, E. O., & Khanal, V. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12361-9 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jatau, B., Avong, Y., Ogundahunsi, O., Shah, S., Tayler Smith, K., Van den Bergh, R., Zachariah, R., van Griensven, J., Ekong, E., & Dakum, P.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Human Virology (NG)
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (CH)
- Médecins Sans Frontières (UG)
- Corresponding author
- Jatau, Bolajoko
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-06-22
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e0128500
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4476751
- OpenAlex
- W1957928454
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 0.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Medecins Sans Frontieres Field Research (Medecins Sans Frontieres) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Department for International Development
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Supply Chain and Inventory Management
- Keywords
- multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, drug stock-outs, early warning indicators, inventory reporting, drug distribution, Nigeria
- MeSH terms
- Antitubercular Agents, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Humans, Materials Management, Hospital, Nigeria, Pharmaceutical Services, World Health Organization, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
