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Warming Ocean Conditions Relate to Increased Trophic Requirements of Threatened and Endangered Salmon

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Daly, Elizabeth A., Brodeur, Richard D.·2015·PLOS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0144066PMC PMC4682959
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Abstract

The trophic habits, size and condition of yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caught early in their marine residence were examined during 19 survey years (1981-1985; 1998-2011). Juvenile salmon consumed distinct highly piscivorous diets in cold and warm ocean regimes with major differences between ocean regimes driven by changes in consumption of juvenile rockfishes, followed by several other fish prey, adult euphausiids and decapod larvae. Notable, Chinook salmon consumed 30% more food in the warm versus cold ocean regime in both May and June. Additionally, there were about 30% fewer empty stomachs in the warm ocean regime in May, and 10% fewer in warm June periods. The total prey energy density consumed during the warmer ocean regime was also significantly higher than in cold. Chinook salmon had lower condition factor and were smaller in fork length during the warm ocean regime, and were longer and heavier for their size during the cold ocean regime. The significant increase in foraging during the warm ocean regime occurred concurrently with lower available prey biomass. Adult return rates of juvenile Chinook salmon that entered the ocean during a warm ocean regime were lower. Notably, our long term data set contradicts the long held assertion that juvenile salmon eat less in a warm ocean regime when low growth and survival is observed, and when available prey are reduced. Comparing diet changes between decades under variable ocean conditions may assist us in understanding the effects of projected warming ocean regimes on juvenile Chinook salmon and their survival in the ocean environment. Bioenergetically, the salmon appear to require more food resources during warm ocean regimes.

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Sorted by citations

Authors
Daly, E. A., & Brodeur, R. D.
Affiliations
  • Oregon State University (US)
  • NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (US)
Corresponding author
Daly, Elizabeth A.
ORCID
Venue
PLOS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2015-12-16
Volume
10
Issue
12
Pages
e0144066
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0144066
PMC
PMC4682959
OpenAlex
W2215219417
Cited by
45
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5
FWCI
2.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, public-domain)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Bonneville Power Administration (Project# 1998-014-00, 1998-014-00)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine and fisheries research
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish Ecology and Management Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Marine animal studies overview
Keywords
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, ocean warming, krill, decapod larvae, fish condition factor, foraging behavior
MeSH terms
Animals, Animal Feed, Climate, Oceans and Seas, Salmon, Seasons, Ecosystem, Endangered Species, Global Warming

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