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Cited by 5Marine Invertebrate Physiology and EcologyGenetic diversity and population structureCoral and Marine Ecosystems Studies

Correction: Local versus Generalized Phenotypes in Two Sympatric Aurelia Species: Understanding Jellyfish Ecology Using Genetics and Morphometrics

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Chiaverano, Luciano M., Bayha, Keith M., Graham, William M.·2016·PLOS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162118
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Abstract

For individuals living in environmentally heterogeneous environments, a key component for adaptation and persistence is the extent of phenotypic differentiation in response to local environmental conditions.In order to determine the extent of environmentally induced morphological variation in a natural population distributed along environmental gradients, it is necessary to account for potential genetic differences contributing to morphological differentiation.In this study, we set out to quantify geographic morphological variation in the moon jellyfish Aurelia exposed at the extremes of a latitudinal environmental gradient in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM).We used morphological data based on 28 characters, and genetic data taken from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1).Molecular analyses revealed the presence of two genetically distinct species of Aurelia co-occurring in the GoM: Aurelia sp. 9 and Aurelia c.f. sp. 2, named for its divergence from (for COI) and similarity to (for ITS-1) Aurelia sp. 2 (Brazil).Neither species exhibited significant population genetic structure between the Northern and the Southeastern Gulf of Mexico; however, they differed greatly in the degree of geographic morphological variation.The morphology of Aurelia sp. 9 exhibited ecophenotypic plasticity and varied significantly between locations, while morphology of Aurelia c.f. sp. 2 was geographically invariant (i.e., canalized).The plastic, generalist medusae of Aurelia sp. 9 are likely able to produce environmentally-induced, "optimal" phenotypes that confer high relative fitness in different environments.In contrast, the non-plastic generalist individuals of Aurelia c.f. sp. 2 likely produce environmentally-independent phenotypes that provide the highest fitness across environments.These findings suggest the two Aurelia lineages co-occurring in the GoM were likely exposed to different past environmental conditions (i.e., different selective pressures) and evolved different strategies to cope with environmental variation.This study highlights the importance of using genetics and morphometric data to understand jellyfish ecology, evolution and systematics.

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  • A. sp. 9 is synonymized under A. marginalis.

    “we decided to synonymize A. sp. 9 under A. marginalis, as in this species’ description, Agassiz (1862) mentions the distinct rose color of the gonads, which is also presented by Chiaverano, Bayha & Graham (2016) for A. sp. 9 when compared to A. cf. sp. 2 (A. montyi sp. nov.)”

    From The importance of molecular characters when morphological variability hinders diagnosability: systematics of the moon jellyfish genus <i>Aurelia</i> (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) (2021) · cites this paper as Chiaverano, Bayha & Graham, 2016

    The Categorical features section (page unavailable) reports that gonad color differs between Aurelia sp. 9 and Aurelia c.f. sp. 2, supporting the comparison for which Chiaverano et al. are cited. It does not identify the color as rose or synonymize A. sp. 9 under A. marginalis; the citing sentence presents synonymization as its authors’ own decision. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Agassiz (1862) mentions the distinct rose color of the gonads in A. marginalis, which is also presented by Chiaverano, Bayha & Graham (2016) for A. sp. 9 when compared to A. cf. sp. 2.

    “we decided to synonymize A. sp. 9 under A. marginalis, as in this species’ description, Agassiz (1862) mentions the distinct rose color of the gonads, which is also presented by Chiaverano, Bayha & Graham (2016) for A. sp. 9 when compared to A. cf. sp. 2 (A. montyi sp. nov.)”

    From The importance of molecular characters when morphological variability hinders diagnosability: systematics of the moon jellyfish genus <i>Aurelia</i> (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) (2021) · cites this paper as Chiaverano, Bayha & Graham, 2016

    The Categorical features section reports that gonad tissue color differed between Aurelia sp. 9 and Aurelia c.f. sp. 2 independently of location. It does not specify that the gonads of Aurelia sp. 9 were rose-colored, so that detail is not supported by our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Chiaverano, Bayha & Graham (2016) sequenced one specimen from Dauphin Island (DI'03-4), which in their COI phylogeny did not group with any other species, while in the ITS1 phylogeny fell within A. marginalis.

    “Chiaverano, Bayha & Graham (2016) sequenced one specimen from Dauphin Island (DI’03-4), which in their COI phylogeny did not group with any other species, while in the ITS1 phylogeny fell within A. marginalis (previously recognized as Aurelia sp. 9; also see Table S4 and Figs. S5–S6).”

    From The importance of molecular characters when morphological variability hinders diagnosability: systematics of the moon jellyfish genus <i>Aurelia</i> (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) (2021) · cites this paper as Chiaverano, Bayha & Graham, 2016

    The Molecular analysis section reports that specimen DI'03-4 did not group with any species in the COI phylogeny, and the Fig. 4 caption identifies DI as Dauphin Island. The ITS-1 results describe clades but do not place DI'03-4 specifically within one; our copy also calls the relevant lineage Aurelia sp. 9, without identifying it as A. marginalis. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Controlled conditions that reflect a certain morphological pattern corroborate the hypothesis for environmentally determined morphological plasticity.

    “Controlled conditions that reflect a certain morphological pattern corroborates the hypothesis for environmentally determined morphological plasticity, which has already been demonstrated for medusae of an Aurelia species in the field (Chiaverano, Bayha & Graham, 2016).”

    From The importance of molecular characters when morphological variability hinders diagnosability: systematics of the moon jellyfish genus <i>Aurelia</i> (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) (2021) · cites this paper as Chiaverano, Bayha & Graham, 2016

    The Discussion (page not provided) reports geographic morphological variation in field-sampled Aurelia sp. 9 without significant genetic structure and interprets it as likely environmentally induced plasticity. That supports the cited field example, but the paper presents plasticity as a likely explanation, not as conclusively demonstrated. The citing authors’ statement about their controlled conditions is not attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Size correction was applied to all individuals by adapting the method of Lleonart, Salat & Torres (2000) to account for allometric differences.

    “we scaled all individuals to the same f1 by adapting the method of Lleonart, Salat & Torres, (2000), which has been previously used for various animals including jellyfish (Chiaverano, Bayha & Graham, 2016).”

    From The importance of molecular characters when morphological variability hinders diagnosability: systematics of the moon jellyfish genus <i>Aurelia</i> (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) (2021) · cites this paper as Chiaverano, Bayha & Graham, 2016

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Authors
Chiaverano, L. M., Bayha, K. M., & Graham, W. M.
Affiliations
  • Australian Museum (AU)
  • American Association For The Advancement of Science (US)
  • Stennis Space Center (US)
ORCID
Venue
PLOS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2016-08-25
Volume
11
Issue
8
Pages
e0162118
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0162118
OpenAlex
W4244416466
Cited by
5
References
0
Citations by year
2021: 4 · 2019: 1
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • NOAA Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (9733441)
  • Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
Keywords
Aurelia, Aurelia aurita, phenotypic plasticity, morphological variation, canalization, sympatric species, population structure, COI, ITS1, Gulf of Mexico

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