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Cited by 684Impact of Technology on AdolescentsSexuality, Behavior, and TechnologyChild Development and Digital Technology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university students- A cross sectional study

Open access
Matar Boumosleh, Jocelyne, Jaalouk, Doris·2017·PLOS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0182239PMC PMC5544206
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The study aims to assess prevalence of smartphone addiction symptoms, and to ascertain whether depression or anxiety, independently, contributes to smartphone addiction level among a sample of Lebanese university students, while adjusting simultaneously for important sociodemographic, academic, lifestyle, personality trait, and smartphone-related variables. METHODS: A random sample of 688 undergraduate university students (mean age = 20.64 ±1.88 years; 53% men) completed a survey composed of a) questions about socio-demographics, academics, lifestyle behaviors, personality type, and smartphone use-related variables; b) 26-item Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) Scale; and c) brief screeners of depression and anxiety (PHQ-2 and GAD-2), which constitute the two core DSM-IV items for major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, respectively. RESULTS: Prevalence rates of smartphone-related compulsive behavior, functional impairment, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms were substantial. 35.9% felt tired during daytime due to late-night smartphone use, 38.1% acknowledged decreased sleep quality, and 35.8% slept less than four hours due to smartphone use more than once. Whereas gender, residence, work hours per week, faculty, academic performance (GPA), lifestyle habits (smoking and alcohol drinking), and religious practice did not associate with smartphone addiction score; personality type A, class (year 2 vs. year 3), younger age at first smartphone use, excessive use during a weekday, using it for entertainment and not using it to call family members, and having depression or anxiety, showed statistically significant associations with smartphone addiction. Depression and anxiety scores emerged as independent positive predictors of smartphone addiction, after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSION: Several independent positive predictors of smartphone addiction emerged including depression and anxiety. It could be that young adults with personality type A experiencing high stress level and low mood may lack positive stress coping mechanisms and mood management techniques and are thus highly susceptible to smartphone addiction.

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Metadata

Authors
Matar Boumosleh, J., & Jaalouk, D.
Affiliations
Notre Dame University – Louaize (LB)
ORCID
Venue
PLOS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2017-08-04
Volume
12
Issue
8
Pages
e0182239
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0182239
PMC
PMC5544206
OpenAlex
W2743889434
Cited by
668
References
21
Citations by year
2026: 50 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 103 · 2022: 101 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 1
FWCI
114.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
  • Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
Keywords
smartphone addiction, depression, anxiety, university students, compulsive smartphone use, sleep quality, predictors of addiction, Lebanese university students
MeSH terms
Smartphone, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Lebanon, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Students, Universities, Behavior, Addictive, Young Adult

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