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Allostatic load as a predictor of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general population: Evidence from the Scottish Health Survey
Open accessAbstract
Allostatic load is a multiple biomarker measure of physiological 'wear and tear' that has shown some promise as marker of overall physiological health, but its power as a risk predictor for mortality and morbidity is less well known. This study has used data from the 2003 Scottish Health Survey (SHeS) (nationally representative sample of Scottish population) linked to mortality records to assess how well allostatic load predicts all-cause and cause-specific mortality. From the sample, data from 4,488 men and women were available with mortality status at 5 and 9.5 (rounded to 10) years after sampling in 2003. Cox proportional hazard models estimated the risk of death (all-cause and the five major causes of death in the population) according to allostatic load score. Multiple imputation was used to address missing values in the dataset. Analyses were also adjusted for potential confounders (sex, age and deprivation). There were 258 and 618 deaths over the 5-year and 10-year follow-up period, respectively. In the fully-adjusted model, higher allostatic load (poorer physiological 'health') was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality after 5 years (HR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.22; p = 0.269), but it was after 10 years (HR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.16; p = 0.026). Allostatic load was not associated with specific causes of death over the same follow-up period. In conclusions, greater physiological wear and tear across multiple physiological systems, as measured by allostatic load, is associated with an increased risk of death, but may not be as useful as a predictor for specific causes of death.
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“Fortunately, although diagnosable disease does not occur until later in life, there are several reliable indices of early damage to regulatory systems, allostatic load (Hwang et al., 2014; Robertson et al., 2017; Seeman et al., 2001), and cellular aging such as inflammation, telomere length, and epigenetic clock (Chen et al., 2016; Codd et al., 2013; Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration et al., 201”
From More than a feeling: A unified view of stress measurement for population science (2018) · cites this paper as Robertson et al., 2017
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Cites
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Cited by
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Allostatic load and its impact on health: A systematic review
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Epel, E. S., Crosswell, A. D., Mayer, S. E., Prather, A. A., Slavich, G. M., Puterman, E., & Mendes, W. B. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.03.001 · Cited by 1,077
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Allostatic Load: Importance, Markers, and Score Determination in Minority and Disparity Populations
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“More recently, Robertson et al. used data from the Scottish Health Survey and identified increased risk of all-cause mortality within 10 years associated with increasing AL [37].”
InfluentialAllostatic Load in Cancer: A Systematic Review and Mini Meta-Analysis
Mathew, A. E., Doorenbos, A. Z., Li, H., Jang, M. K., Park, C. G., & Bronas, U. G. (2020) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/1099800420969898 · Cited by 106
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“Three of those five studies utilized NHANES data [10,12,14], two utilized data from a cohort study of older Americans [5,13], while two non-US studies included populations in the United Kingdom [11,15].”
ResultEpigenetic Clocks and Allostatic Load Reveal Potential Sex-Specific Drivers of Biological Aging
McCrory, C., Fiorito, G., McLoughlin, S., Polidoro, S., Cheallaigh, C. N., Bourke, N. M., Karisola, P., Alenius, H. T., Vineis, P., Layte, R., et al. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glz241 · Cited by 62
Chadeau‐Hyam, M., Bodinier, B., Vermeulen, R. C. H., Karimi, M., Zuber, V., Castagné, R., Elliott, J., Muller, D. C., Petrović, D., Whitaker, M. D., et al. (2020) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100658 · Cited by 60
“Unlike some other studies [32], our work was statistically powered to identify effects of markers of biological ageing and cause-specific mortality.”
ResultBorrell, L. N., Rodríguez-Álvarez, E., & Dallo, F. J. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228336 · Cited by 54
“, circulatory, neoplasm, respiratory, mental & behavioral, digestive and other) and found no association.[17] In the U.”
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Currie, C. L., Copeland, J. L., Metz, G. A. S., Moon-Riley, K. C., & Davies, C. M. (2019) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000754 · Cited by 51
“AL characterizes the wear and tear on the body due to the chronic activation of allostasis, and is a 10-year predictor of morbidity, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality across young, middle-aged, and older adults (12,13).”
BackgroundStress, Well-Being and Reproductive Success
Edwards, K. L., Edes, A. N., & Brown, J. L. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23633-5_5 · Cited by 47
Stress, allostatic load and mental health in Indigenous Australians
Ketheesan, S., Rinaudo, M., Berger, M., Wenitong, M., Juster, R., McEwen, B. S., & Sarnyai, Z. (2020) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890.2020.1732346 · Cited by 46
Residential greenness-related DNA methylation changes
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“…“ wear and tear ” from repeated response to stressors, which has been associated with green-ness (Egorov et al. 2017; Egorov et al. 2020; Ribeiro et al. 2019b), socioeconomic status (Johnson et al. 2017; Ribeiro et al. 2019a), and mortality (Castagne et al. 2018; Robertson et al. 2017).”
Honkalampi, K. M., Virtanen, M., Hintsa, T., Ruusunen, A. A., Mäntyselkä, P. T., Ali-Sisto, T., Kärkkäinen, O. K., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H. T., Valkonen‐Korhonen, M., Panayiotou, G., et al. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110389 · Cited by 29
Moore, J. X., Andrzejak, S. E., Bevel, M., Jones, S. R., & Tingen, M. S. (2022) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101185 · Cited by 30
“…Castagne et al., 2018; Duru et al., 2012; Karlamangla et al., 2006), cardiovascular disease (Borrell et al., 2020; Chadeau-Hyam et al., 2020), and particularly cancer (Acheampong et al., 2020; Akinyemiju et al., 2020; Chadeau-Hyam et al., 2020; Levine & Crimmins, 2014; Robertson et al., 2017).”
Valentine, C. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20095637 · Cited by 27
“Fifth, allostatic load is influenced by external factors, such as age, biological sex assigned at birth, and socioeconomic deprivation [90].”
BackgroundAssimilation, Acculturation, and Allostatic Load in U.S.- and Foreign-Born Hispanics
Cedillo, Y. E., Bertrand, B. M., Baker, E. H., Cherrington, A., Beasley, T. M., & Fernández, J. R. (2020) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-020-01012-7 · Cited by 28
Allostatic Load and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review
Evans, E., Jacobs, M., Fuller, D. D., Wheeler‐Hegland, K., & Ellis, C. (2025) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2025.02.016 · Cited by 24
Multi-Systemic Biological Risk and Cancer Mortality: The NHANES III Study
Acheampong, T., Jiang, L., Ziogas, A., & Odegaard, A. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61945-9 · Cited by 28
Memiah, P. T. N., Biadgilign, S., Kuhlman, J., Cook, C., Mburia, P., Kingori, C., Sarpong, D. F., Buluku, G., & Hawkins, M. (2021) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2021.0008 · Cited by 23
“PA was assessed using a modified Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.(8) Participants were asked to report the frequency and duration of engaging in any vigorous-intensity sports, fitness, or recreational activities that cause large increases in breathing or heart rate like running or basketball for at least 10 min…”
MethodAn expert‐based system to predict population survival rate from health data
Schwacke, L. H., Thomas, L., Wells, R. S., Rowles, T. K., Bossart, G. D., Townsend, F. I., Mazzoil, M. S., Allen, J. B., Balmer, B. C., Barleycorn, A. A., et al. (2023) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.14073 · Cited by 21
Park, C. C., Ringel, J. B., Pinheiro, L. C., Morris, A. A., Sterling, M. R., Balkan, L., Banerjee, S., Levitan, E. B., Safford, M. M., & Goyal, P. (2023) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-023-03371-z · Cited by 21
“Prior work has operationalized AL using physiologic biomarkers, and shown that AL is associated with cancer-related, diabetes-related, and all-cause mortality [9, 10, 25, 26].”
MethodAllostatic load in the context of disasters
Sandifer, P. A., Juster, R., Seeman, T. E., Lichtveld, M. Y., & Singer, B. H. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105725 · Cited by 20
“…AL is regularly correlated with all-cause mortality (Seeman et al., 2001; Gruenewald et al., 2006; Borrell et al., 2010; Howard and Sparks, 2016; Robertson et al., 2017; Castagne et al., 2018), individual disorders such as cardiovascular disease (Cohen et al., 2007; Cadar et al., 2018), and in…”
BackgroundCruz-Pereira, J. S., Moloney, G. M., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boscaini, S., Tofani, G. S. S., Borràs-Bisa, J., van de Wouw, M., Fitzgerald, P., Dinan, T. G., Clarke, G. A., et al. (2022) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100501 · Cited by 20
“Further, the allostatic load caused by the constant physiological adaptation in response to chronic stress (McEwen, 2007) is an important predictor of mortality (Robertson et al., 2017).”
BackgroundDamestani, N. L., Jacoby, J. R., Yadav, S., Lovely, A. E., Michael, A. S., Terpstra, M., Eshghi, M., Rashid, B., Cruchaga, C., Salat, D. H., et al. (2023) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120167 · Cited by 20
“These measures were adjusted to account for medication use as described by Robertson et al. (2017).”
Men's Economic Dependency, Gender Ideology, and Stress at Midlife
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The Two Faces of Janus: Why Thyrotropin as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor May Be an Ambiguous Target
Dietrich, J. W., Hoermann, R., Midgley, J. E. M., Bergen, F., & Müller, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.542710 · Cited by 19
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Schoenmakers, M., Saygin, M., Sikora, M. T., Vaessen, T., Noordzij, M. L., & de Geus, E. J. C. (2025) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-025-02685-4 · Cited by 19
“…(as assessed by a validated questionnaire) on the health outcome of cardiometabolic/immunologic “allostatic load” risk profile (as assessed by future blood sampling) (Robertson et al., 2017; Seeman et al., 2001) is mediated by a predominance of cardiovascular threat reactivity in daily life.”
Allostatic load as predictor of mortality: a cohort study from Lolland-Falster, Denmark
Bruun-Rasmussen, N. E., Napolitano, G. M., Christiansen, C. F., Bojesen, S. E., Ellervik, C., Jepsen, R., Rasmussen, K., & Lynge, E. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057136 · Cited by 16
Both objective and paradoxical insomnia elicit a stress response involving mitokine production
Martucci, M., Conte, M., Ostan, R., Chiariello, A., Miele, F., Franceschi, C., Salvioli, S., Santoro, A., & Provini, F. (2020) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.103274 · Cited by 15
“In the present work, we have investigated the levels of such mitokines and other stress-related parameters such as 24-hours urinary cortisol, Allostatic Load Index (ALI) [17, 18] and Perceived Stress Scale [19] (PSS) score in old female patients suffering of either objective or paradoxical chronic insomnia in order to…”
BackgroundInfluentialStress-related health depreciation: Using allostatic load to predict self-rated health
Barry, L. E., O’Neill, S., Heaney, L. G., & O’Neill, C. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114170 · Cited by 15
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“This method used to derive the allostatic load score has been used in numerous previous studies (McCrory et al., 2019; Robertson et al., 2017; Seeman et al., 2001).”
BackgroundMethodZhang, T., Yan, L. L., Chen, H., Jin, H., & Wu, C. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045369 · Cited by 13
Multiple group membership, social network size, allostatic load and well-being: A mediation analysis
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Effects of Allostatic Load on Long-Term Survival After Stroke
Johnson, N. B., Jones, E., Ovbiagele, B. I., Markovic, D., & Towfighi, A. (2024) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.124.046622 · Cited by 13
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Allostatic load and risk of invasive breast cancer among postmenopausal women in the U.S.
Wang, F., Skiba, M. B., Follis, S., Liu, N., Bidulescu, A., Mitra, A. K., Mouton, C. P., Qi, L., & Luo, J. (2023) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107817 · Cited by 12
Dietary carotenoid intakes and biological aging among US adults, NHANES 1999–2018
Qi, X., Wang, X., Cheng, L., Li, Y., Dang, K., Yang, S., Wang, Y., Zhou, R., Zhang, C., & Li, Y. (2025) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-025-01079-8 · Cited by 13
“In our study, the level of risk was determined by considering individuals in the highest quartile of the distribution of 11 of the 12 biomarkers for a given biomarker [35–37].”
Fragility of reward vs antifragility of defense brain systems in drug dependence
Prospero-Garcia, O. E., Ruiz‐Contreras, A. E., Morelos, J. C., Herrera-Solís, A., & Méndez‐Díaz, M. (2021) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2021.1876759 · Cited by 12
“It has even been suggested that allostatic load is a condition leading to premature death (Robertson et al., 2017).”
BackgroundCurrie, C. L., Motz, T., & Copeland, J. L. (2020) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-020-00446-6 · Cited by 12
Development of a Systems Medicine Approach to Spinal Cord Injury
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“biomarkers of inflammation, neuroendocrine, metabolism, cardiovascular health, and body mass index.(312) Originally, ALI assigned a score of 1 for each composite measure out-”
BackgroundAllostatic load and mental health during COVID-19: The moderating role of neuroticism
Gallagher, S. M., Sumner, R. C., Creaven, A., O’Súilleabháin, P. S., & Howard, S. (2021) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100311 · Cited by 11
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“∎ Mean [5] model: This is also a widely used classic model, characterized by using the global average to fill in missing values.”
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Association between asthma, corticosteroids and allostatic load biomarkers: a cross-sectional study
Barry, L. E., O’Neill, C., & Heaney, L. G. (2020) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-214139 · Cited by 10
Allostatic load and cancer risk, progression, and mortality in epidemiologic studies
Ishibe, N., Ellison, G. L., Rao, D., & Lam, T. K. (2025) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwaf038 · Cited by 11
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Association of allostatic load with overall survival in epithelial ovarian cancer
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Associations of Socioeconomic Factors and Unhealthy Lifestyles with Allostatic Load: A Meta-analysis
Yuan, D., Wang, M., Bu, S., Mu, T., & Li, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-023-10235-5 · Cited by 6
“In addition, AL has been used as an objective indicator for the prediction of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general population [6].”
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“, one biomarker being scored in the higher risk quartile) was associated with an 8% increased risk of dying from all causes in 10 years after adjustment for age, sex, and income [20].”
BackgroundRogers, J. M., Epstein, D. H., Phillips, K. A., Strickland, J. C., & Preston, K. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.630195 · Cited by 5
Retrospective operationalization of allostatic load in patients with cancer: A systematic review
McQuitty, E. N., Black, T. A., Rousseau, M. A., Parvathaneni, A., Gonna, N., Farris, D. P., & Nelson, K. C. (2024) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107085 · Cited by 5
Allostatic Load as a Short‐Term Prognostic and Predictive Marker
García, A. M. G., Arias, Á., Lopez-Munoz, F. J., & García‐Rico, E. (2025) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3527 · Cited by 5
Carbone, J. T., Holzer, K. J., Clift, J., & Fu, Q. J. (2023) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2021-218073 · Cited by 5
Akbar, M., & Evans, N. P. (2023) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106111 · Cited by 5
Does allostatic load predict incidental coronary events differently among sexes?
Demirer, I., Schmidt, B., Schramm, S. H., Erbel, R. M., Jöckel, K., & Pförtner, T. (2021) · Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100089 · Cited by 5
“[38] conducted a similar MI approach on imputing AL scores.”
MethodComparing Predictors and Outcomes of Higher Allostatic Load across Zoo-Housed African Great Apes
Edes, A. N., Edwards, K. L., Zimmerman, D. M., Jourdan, B., Crews, D. E., Wolfe, B. A., Neiffer, D. L., & Brown, J. L. (2023) · Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens · doi:10.3390/jzbg4010016 · Cited by 5
Joannès, C., Colineaux, H., Guernec, G., Castagné, R., & Kelly‐Irving, M. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14967-z · Cited by 4
Interaction of Allostatic Load With Immune, Inflammatory, and Coagulation Systems
Hassanpour, H. (2023) · Immunoregulation · doi:10.32598/immunoregulation.5.2.4 · Cited by 4
Disparities in Allostatic Load Among Different Races: A Comprehensive Scoping Review
Olowokere, O. G., Olasehinde, O. E., Bisi-Adeniyi, T. I., Onyia, A. F., Campos, O. C. D., Rotimi, O. A., & Rotimi, S. O. (2025) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-025-02697-y · Cited by 3
The role of allostatic load in adverse pregnancy outcomes: a multisystem, developmental perspective
Costello, L., Banker, S. M., Morales, S., Barber, M., Hockett, C. W., McCormack, L. A., Rauth, V. A., Elliott, A. J., & Shuffrey, L. C. (2026) · Frontiers in Global Women s Health · doi:10.3389/fgwh.2025.1725275 · Cited by 5
The association between adverse events in later life and mortality in older individuals
Nilaweera, D., Gurvich, C., Freak‐Poli, R., Woods, R. L., Owen, A. J., McNeil, J. J., Nelson, M. R., Stocks, N., & Ryan, J. L. (2023) · Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2023.100210 · Cited by 3
“Furthermore, chronic stress can diminish the integrity of these functions and body systems, leading to damage or ‘wear and tear ’ of major organs and tissues, and can accelerate ageing and mortality [8,9].”
Gordon, R. E. F., Kosty, D. B., & Khurana, A. (2024) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106990 · Cited by 4
The Burden of Chronic Disease and the Role of Lifestyle Medicine
Kushner, R. F., & Mechanick, J. I. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48088-2_2 · Cited by 3
Talegawkar, S. A., Jin, Y., Kandula, N. R., & Kanaya, A. M. (2021) · Journal of Asian Health · doi:10.59448/jah.v1i1.2 · Cited by 3
Allostatic load and progression of cardio-renal multimorbidity: A UK biobank study
Zhu, Q., Xu, L. N., Fan, Z. N., & Li, H. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0339576 · Cited by 2
“Moreover, AL was positively associated with transitions from CRM to death, further emphasizing its long-term impact across the entire continuum of disease progression [33,34].”
Lomia, N., Berdzuli, N., Pestvenidze, E., Sturua, L., Sharashidze, N., Kereselidze, M., Topuridze, M., Antelava, T., Stray‐Pedersen, B., & Stray‐Pedersen, A. (2020) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s235755 · Cited by 3
Mistretta, E. G. (2019) · Arizona State University Library Digital Repository (Arizona State University) · Cited by 2
Stress, Well-Being, and Reproduction in Wildlife
Edwards, K. L., Brown, J. L., Edes, A. N., & Hunt, K. E. (2026) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87707-0_3 · Cited by 1
Xu, H.-M., Liu, Z.-C., Wang, X., Zhao, W.-J., Zhang, C., Yang, Z., Zhou, T., Zhang, J., Kai-feng, P., & Li, W. (2026) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-026-28127-0 · Cited by 1
McGowan, C. J., & Norris, S. A. (2019) · Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease · doi:10.1017/s2040174419000667 · Cited by 1
Ambulatory autonomic nervous system activity in relation to hearing impairment
Huizinga, N. A., Keur‐Huizinga, L., van de Ven, S. R. B., van Dijk, W., Versfeld, N. J., Zekveld, A. A., Kramer, S. E., & de Geus, E. J. C. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14723 · Cited by 2
Life Course Approach, Embodiment and Cancer
Delpierre, C., & Kelly‐Irving, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-69329-9_16 · Cited by 1
Porta, M. S. (2021) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.739171135.793581883
Montoya, M. M., Gander, J. C., Suglia, S. F., McDonald, B., Patel, S. A., Davis, T. L., Patzer, R. E., Jagannathan, R., Teunis, L. J., & Harding, J. L. (2024) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-024-01920-6
“Chronic stress has also been consistently linked to increased risk of mortality [9, 12–14], depression [9, 15], metabolic and cardiovascular diseases [9, 15–17], and some infections [15, 18].”
An Imputation Approach to Electronic Medical Records Based on Time Series and Feature Association
Yin, Y. F., Yuan, Z. W., Yang, J. X., & Bao, X. J. (2024) · World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51485-2_28
Allostatic load and its determinants in a German sample—Results from the Carla cohort
Priedemann, E., Kluttig, A., Kraus, F. B., Sedding, D., Mikolajczyk, R., & Führer, A. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0321178 · Cited by 1
“Thus, AL has been established as a better predictor for mortality [12–15], diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and other chronic diseases than any single parameter included in the AL score alone [11,13,16].”
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Indigenous Consumer Racial Profiling in Canada: A Neglected Human Rights Issue
Foster, L. P., & Jacobs, L. A. (2025) · Genealogy · doi:10.3390/genealogy9040136
“…Indigenous cultural safety and continuity served as an important buffer that promoted biological resilience against the adverse effects of racial discrimination on physiologic regulation among Indigenous adults (Borrell et al. 2020; Robertson et al. 2017; Shepherd et al. 2017; Currie et al. 2015).”
Park, C. C., Ringel, J. B., Pinheiro, L. C., Morris, A. A., Sterling, M. R., Balkan, L., Banerjee, S., Levitan, E. B., Safford, M. M., & Goyal, P. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26601832
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Metadata
- Authors
- Robertson, T., Beveridge, G., & Bromley, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Stirling (GB)
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy (GB)
- UK Statistics Authority (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Robertson, Tony
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2017-08-16
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e0183297
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5559080
- OpenAlex
- W2747845624
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 9.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (MR/K023209/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Keywords
- allostatic load, mortality prediction, all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, biomarkers, physiological health, Scottish Health Survey
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cause of Death, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Scotland, Proportional Hazards Models, Allostasis, Young Adult
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