The DOI matches its Crossref record; 103 of the 104 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Seeking certainty about Intolerance of Uncertainty: Addressing old and new issues through the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-Revised
Open accessAbstract
Intolerance of Uncertainty is a trans-diagnostic process that spans a range of emotional disorders and it is usually measured through the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12. The current study aims at investigating some issues in the assessment of Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) through the Italian Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-Revised, a measure adapted from the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 to assess IU across the lifespan. In particular we address the factor structure among a large community sample, measurement invariance across gender, age, and over time, together with reliability and validity of the overall scale and its subscales. The questionnaire was administered to community (N = 761; mean age = 35.86 ± 14.01 years) and undergraduate (N = 163; mean age = 21.16 ± 2.64 years) participants, together with other self-report measures assessing constructs theoretically related to IU. The application of a bifactor model shows that the Italian Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-Revised possesses a robust general factor, thus supporting the use of the unit-weighted total score of the questionnaire as a measure of the construct. Furthermore, measurement invariance across gender, age, and over time is supported. Finally, the Italian Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-Revised appears to possess adequate reliability and validity. These findings support the unidimensionality of the measure, a conceptually reasonable result in line with the trans-diagnostic nature of Intolerance of Uncertainty. In addition, this study and comparison with published factor structures of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 and of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-Revised identify some issues for the internal structure of the measure. In particular, concern is expressed for the Prospective IU subscale. In light of the promising psychometric properties, the use of the Italian Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-Revised as a univocal measure is encouraged in both research and clinical practice.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The mean level of intolerance to uncertainty (M = 32.16; SD = 9.59), instead, was significantly above the mean score found by Bottesi et al. [43] before the COVID-19 pandemic in the Italian context (M = 26.73; SD = 8.2; Z = 17.6; p < 0.01).”
From Impact of Stress during COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: A Study on Dispositional and Behavioral Dimensions for Supporting Evidence-Based Targeted Strategies (2024) · cites this paper as Bottesi et al. [43]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Such findings support prior work suggesting that the IUS is best represented by the total score (IUS-12 item), rather than the subscales (i.e., P-IU or I-IU) (42,77).”
From I Doubt It Is Safe: A Meta-analysis of Self-reported Intolerance of Uncertainty and Threat Extinction Training (2021) · cites this paper as [42]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,893
Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151312 · Cited by 109,314
Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378101800104 · Cited by 109,190
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling
Tabri, N., & Elliott, C. M. (2012) · Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology · doi:10.15353/cgjsc.v1i1.3787 · Cited by 39,094
(1998) · Cited by 36,049
lavaan : An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling
Rosseel, Y. (2012) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v048.i02 · Cited by 27,955
Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002) · Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem0902_5 · Cited by 16,280
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- AL Gerlach, 2008, The significance of intolerance of uncertainty in generalized anxiety disorder: Possible models and development of a German version of the intolerance of uncertainty scale, Z Klin Psychol Psychother, 37, 190
- C Sica, 2007, Social Phobia Scale (SPS) and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS): Italian translation and adaptation, B Psicol Appl, 252, 59
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–130 of 130
Drakes, D. H., Rochon, E., & Ouimet, A. J. (2026) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2026.100683 · Cited by 1
Panzeri, A., Ghisi, M., Rossi, A. A., Spoto, A., Vidotto, G., & Bottesi, G. (2026) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-026-02515-x · Cited by 1
İ̇z, F. B. (2022) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103518 · Cited by 1
Justice-Involved Youths’ Perceptions of Placement Instability and Adjustment Related Outcomes
Griffith, R., Nowalis, S., Zax, A., Fite, P. J., & Gudiño, O. G. (2023) · Residential Treatment for Children & Youth · doi:10.1080/0886571x.2023.2186307 · Cited by 1
Lin, H., Yang, J., & Hu, J. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04668-0 · Cited by 1
Ye, H., Ding, J., Liu, Y., Cai, Z., Jiang, N., Cheng, T., He, S., You, R., Yu, W., Liu, W., et al. (2023) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10436-y · Cited by 2
Multimodal assessment of the role of intolerance of uncertainty in fear acquisition and extinction
Malbec, M., Andreatta, M., & Wieser, M. J. (2024) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108860 · Cited by 2
Brun, C., Akinyemi, A., Houtin, L., Zerhouni, O., Monvoisin, R., & Pinsault, N. (2024) · L’Année psychologique · doi:10.3917/anpsy1.244.0437 · Cited by 1
Radoman, M., HEILNER, E. A., McGowan, C. R., Neree-Thompson, B., Sakmar, E., & Sinha, R. (2026) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2026.01.095 · Cited by 1
Bernaud, J.-L. (2021) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.berna.2021.01.0317
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВЗАЄМОЗВ'ЯЗКУ ФІЗИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВЛЕНОСТІ І ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТІ ДО НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ У СТУДЕНТІВ
Пічурін, В., & Пічурін, В. В. (2022) · Наукові перспективи (Naukovì perspektivi) · doi:10.52058/2708-7530-2022-11(29)-480-492
Amalia, S. R., & Christianto, L. P. (2023) · MANASA · doi:10.25170/manasa.v11i2.3614
Universitas Kristen Indonesia, J., Wigunawati, E., Deliviana, E., Universitas Kristen Indonesia, J., Lase, F. J., Universitas Kristen Indonesia, J., Jovani, A., & Universitas Kristen Indonesia, J. (2023) · International Journal of Social Science and Human Research · doi:10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i10-54
Moroni, L., Bottesi, G., Bertolotti, G., Cangiano, A., Rizza, C., Malerba, A., Picozzi, A., & Burro, R. (2023) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3349
Validación de la escala de intolerancia hacia la incertidumbre en población colombiana
Pérez, C. E. L., & Niño, J. D. G. (2023) · Diversitas · doi:10.15332/22563067.8453
What Can Network Analysis Tell Us About the Intolerance of Uncertainty?
Volarov, M., Velimirović, M., Janičić, B., & Mihić, L. (2024) · Primenjena psihologija · doi:10.19090/pp.v17i3.2519
Çavdar, A., & Boyacıoğlu, İ. (2025) · Current Research in Social Sciences · doi:10.30613/curesosc.1552509 · Cited by 1
Paradox: experience and cognition - Do men and women differ?
Sinha, S., & Rao, M. K. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08016-2 · Cited by 1
Alberts, N. M., Stratton, K. L., Leisenring, W. M., Pizzo, A., Lamoureux, É., Alschuler, K. N., Flynn, J., Krull, K. R., Jibb, L., Nathan, P. C., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-025-01865-7
Panzeri, A., Bottesi, G., Vieno, A., Spada, M. M., Ghisi, M., Fin, V., & Marino, C. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7196510/v1
Iannattone, S., Toffoli, L., Farina, A., Mento, G., & Bottesi, G. (2025) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-025-01355-5
Khamis, F. A., Badahdah, A. M., & Aloud, N. (2025) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.70320 · Cited by 1
Intolerance of Uncertainty in Young Researchers: A Qualitative Study
Kaya, Y., Satıcı, S. A., Kütük, H., Satıcı, B., & Deniz, M. E. (2025) · Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.17240/aibuefd.2025..-1698610
Ren, L., Wei, Z., Li, Y., Cui, L.-B., Wang, Y., Wu, L., Wei, X., Peng, J., Li, K., Jin, Y., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16607025
Brun, C., Akinyemi, A., Houtin, L., Zerhouni, O., Monvoisin, R., & Pinsault, N. (2024) · L’Année psychologique · doi:10.3917/e.anpsy1.244.0437
Influence de l'intolérance à l'incertitude sur la prise de décision dans le domaine de la santé
Brun, C. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/9f3530c6z1d12z46a9zb67ezc5188fa3b55e
Learning‐based cognitive control in ADHD : a multicentric study
Toffoli, L., Stefanelli, G., Cristaldi, F. D. P., Duma, G. M., Pastore, M., Tarantino, V., Franzoi, M., Vecchi, M., Danieli, A., Martinez, F., et al. (2026) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.70162
Salimian, M., Abdollahi, A., & Dehghanidowlatabadi, S. (2026) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-026-00777-6
Boyle, A., Trespalacios, F., Haddad, A., & Ellenbogen, M. A. (2026) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2026.2702369
Küttner, A., Zwiky, E., König, P., Schöniger, K., Kamrla, R., Scheiwe, G. S., Andreev, J., Hamann, J. E., Brückner, A., Pletsch, S., et al. (2026) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2026.104069
Metadata
- Authors
- Bottesi, G., Noventa, S., Freeston, M. H., & Ghisi, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Padua (IT)
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bottesi, Gioia
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2019-02-11
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e0211929
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6370219
- OpenAlex
- W2913615924
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 18.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) (cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- intolerance of uncertainty, psychometric properties, factor structure, bifactor model, measurement invariance, reliability and validity, Italian adaptation, community sample, undergraduate students
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Uncertainty, Self Report
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
