Cited by 128Antibiotic Use and ResistancePharmacy and Medical PracticesPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts

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Knowledge, practices and attitudes on antibiotics use in Cameroon: Self-medication and prescription survey among children, adolescents and adults in private pharmacies

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Elong Ekambi, Grace-Ange, Okalla Ebongue, Cécile, Penda, Ida Calixte, Nnanga Nga, Emmanuel, Mpondo Mpondo, Emmanuel, Eboumbou Moukoko, Carole Else·2019·PLOS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0212875PMC PMC6394986

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Abstract

Benefits of antibiotics are threatened by the self-medication, people's lack of knowledge and inappropriate use of antibiotics, especially in developing countries. This study was designed to determine knowledge; attitudes and practices toward antibiotics use in an urban community, and evaluate the factors that are associated with antibiotic use. Between January and March 2015, a cross sectional and prospective study was conducted in all pharmacies within the Douala IV health district, Cameroon. Anonymous interviews including both open and closed ended questions were conducted in participants selected by convenience sampling Descriptive and logistic regression analysis were performed using StataSE11 software (version 11 SE) and R software (version 3.1.1) in data analysis. Overall 402 (33.7%) of 1,192 customers purchased antibiotics and of these, 47% bought antibiotics without a prescription. 60.7% of purchased antibiotics was for adult 'patients and around 60% of parents carried out self-medication on their children. The vast majority reported that all microbes can be treated with antibiotics (88.3%). The belief that antibiotics are appropriate for bacterial infections was more common among those with a higher level education (OR = 4.03, 95%CI:1.89-8.57, p<0.0001) and among public/private servants (OR = 2.47, 95%CI:1.21-5.08, p = 0.013). Physicians provide less explanations about antibiotics are and their potential side effects than the pharmacy auxiliaries (OR = 0.205, 95%CI = 0.09-0.46, p<0.0001), but more than pharmacists (OR = 3.692, 95%CI:1.44-9.25, p = 0.005). Indications on antibiotics use were 7 times more given to customers with a prescription compared to those without a prescription (OR = 7.37, 95% CI = 2.13-25.43, p = 0.002). Adult male (OR = 2.32, 95%CI:1.24-4.34, p = 0.009) and higher education (OR = 2.05, 95%CI:1.08-3.89, p = 0.027) were significantly associated with self-medication. Misuse, little "practical knowledge" and high self-medication confirm the unsatisfactory prescription and dispensing practices of the antibiotics in our country. These results highlight the important of the development and implementation appropriate guidelines for the responsible use of antibiotics for health care providers and health education targeting community members themselves.

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Fig 1 Flow chart of participants through the study according to the type of medication.CC BY · PubMed Central

Fig 2 Antibiotics prescribers to outpatient in the Douala IV health district in Douala.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Authors: Elong Ekambi, G.-A., Okalla Ebongue, C., Penda, I. C., Nnanga Nga, E., Mpondo Mpondo, E., & Eboumbou Moukoko, C. E.
ORCID: Eboumbou Moukoko, Carole Else
Venue: PLOS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2019-02-28
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Pages: e0212875
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212875
PMC: PMC6394986
OpenAlex: W2918548227
Cited by: 128
References: 56
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 2
FWCI: 11.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Pharmacy and Medical Practices
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
Keywords: antibiotic self-medication, antibiotic prescribing, antibiotic knowledge, antibiotic attitudes, antibiotic use practices, private pharmacies, antibiotic misuse, educational attainment, pharmacist counseling, Douala, Cameroon, urban communities, developing countries, inappropriate antibiotic use
MeSH terms: Drug Misuse, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cameroon, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Middle Aged, Pharmacies, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Medication, Prescription Drug Misuse

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Knowledge, practices and attitudes on antibiotics use in Cameroon: Self-medication and prescription survey among children, adolescents and adults in private pharmacies

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