Pregnancy outcomes according to the definition of gestational diabetes
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency and perinatal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) defined by the criteria according to the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) diagnostic criteria for GDM. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Six secondary and tertiary delivery hospitals in Finland in 2009. POPULATION: Pregnant women (N = 4,033) and their offspring. METHODS: We used data on comprehensive screening of pregnant women with a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), performed between gestational weeks 24 and 40. OGTT glucose concentrations were used to identify women who fulfilled IADPSG and NICE criteria. While cut-offs according to Finnish national criteria partly overlapped with both criteria, a subgroup of IADPSG- or NICE-positive GDM women remained undiagnosed by Finnish criteria and hence non-treated. They were analysed as subgroups and compared to controls who were negative with all cut-offs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: GDM prevalence, birth weight SD score (BWSDS), large for gestational age (LGA) and caesarean section (CS) rates. RESULTS: Among the 4,033 women screened for GDM, 1,249 (31.0%) and 529 (13.1%) had GDM according to the IADPSG and NICE criteria, respectively. The LGA rate was similar in both groups. Regardless of the diagnostic criteria, women with GDM had a higher risk of induced delivery and CSs than controls. In IADPSG-positive non-treated women, offspring's BWSDS and CS rate were higher than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: GDM prevalence was 2.4-fold higher according to the IADPSG compared with the NICE criteria but the LGA rate did not differ. BWSDS and CS rate were increased already with mild untreated hyperglycaemia.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In Finland, Koivunen et al. compared IADPSG and NICE among 4033 pregnant women, with GDM prevalence 31.0% and 13.1% respectively.
“Koivunen et al. compared the IADPSG and NICE to diagnose GDM among 4033 pregnant women, and the results were 31.0% and 13.1% respectively [183].”
From Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century (2022) · cites this paper as [183]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Effect of Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pregnancy Outcomes
Crowther, C. A., Hiller, J. E., Moss, J. R., McPhee, A. J., Jeffries, W. S., & Robinson, J. S. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa042973 · Cited by 3,159 · see citing works
A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes
Landon, M. B., Spong, C. Y., Thom, E., Carpenter, M. W., Ramin, S. M., Casey, B., Wapner, R. J., Varner, M. W., Rouse, D. J., Thorp, J. M., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0902430 · Cited by 2,122 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[17, 18] In our, and also some previous studies, GDM treatment can be considered successful, as neither birth weight nor perinatal outcomes differed between the controls and GDM groups [19].”
Result(2014) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2013.10.012 · Cited by 914 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 16
- [1]Metzger BE, Lowe LP, Dyer AR, Trimble ER, Chaovarindr U, Coustan DR, et al Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358: 1991– 2002. 10.1056/NEJMoa0707943 18463375 · DOI · Paper page
- [2]International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel, Metzger BE, Gabbe SG, Persson B, Buchanan TA, Catalano PA, et al International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 676– 82. 10.2337/dc09-1848 20190296 PMC2827530 · DOI · Paper page
- [3]Bellamy L, Casas JP, Hingorani AD, Williams D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2009; 373: 1773– 9. 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60731-5 19465232 · DOI · Paper page
- [5]The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Initiative on gestational diabetes mellitus: A pragmatic guide for diagnosis, management, and care. Hod M, Kapur A, Sacks DA, Hadar E, Agarwal M, Di Renzo GC, Cabero Roura L, et al Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015; 131 Suppl 3: S173– 211. 26433807
- [6]Vandorsten JP, Dodson WC, Espeland MA, Grobman WA, Guise JM, Mercer BM, et al NIH Consensus Development Conference: Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. NIH Consensus and State-of-the-Science Statements. 2013; 29: 1– 31. 23748438
- [7]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period. NICE guideline 3. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng3. Published 2015. Accessed November 12, 2015. 31846258
- [8]Liao L, Xu Y, Zhuang X, Hong S, Wang Z, Dobs A, et al Evaluation of guidelines on the screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus: systematic review. BMJ Open. 2019; 6: 176. PMC6502228 31061012
- [10]American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes -2008. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31(Suppl 1): S12– S54. 18165335
- [11]Koivunen S, Kajantie E, Torkki A, Bloigu A, Gissler M, Pouta A, et al The changing face of gestational diabetes: the effect of the shift from risk factor-based to comprehensive screening. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015; 173: 623– 32. 10.1530/EJE-15-0294 26282598 · DOI
- [12]Gissler M, Teperi J, Hemminki E, Merilainen J. Data quality after restructuring a national medical registry. Scand J Soc Med. 1995; 23: 75– 80. 10.1177/140349489502300113 7784857 · DOI
- [13]Gissler M, Shelley J. Quality of data on subsequent events in a routine medical birth register. Medical Inform Internet Med. 2002; 27: 33– 8. 12509121
- [14]Sankilampi U, Hannila ML, Saari A, Gissler M, Dunkel L. New population-based references for birth weight, length, and head circumference in singletons and twins from 23 to 43 gestation weeks. Ann Med. 2013; 45: 446– 54. 10.3109/07853890.2013.803739 23768051 · DOI
- [15]Black M, Sacks D, Xiang A, Lawrence J. Clinical outcomes of pregnancies complicated by mild gestational diabetes mellitus differ by combinations of abnormal oral glucose tolerance test values. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33(12): 2524– 30. 10.2337/dc10-1445 20843973 PMC2992182 · DOI
- [16]Disse E, Graeppi-Dulac J, Joncour-Mills G, Dupuis O, Thivolet C. Heterogeneity of pregnancy outcomes and risk of LGA neonates in Caucasian females according to IADPSG criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab. 2013; 39(2): 132– 8. 10.1016/j.diabet.2012.09.006 23182459 · DOI
- [19]Bhatia M, Mackillop L, Bartlett K, Loerup L, Kenworthy Y, Levy J, et al Clinical Implications of the NICE 2015 Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med. 2018; 7(10): E376 10.3390/jcm7100376 30360376 PMC6209967 · DOI
- [20]Ethridge J, Catalano P, Waters T. Perinatal outcomes associated with the diagnosis of gestational diabetes made by the international association of the diabetes and pregnancy study groups criteria. Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 124(3): 571– 8. 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000412 25162258 PMC4696546 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Ye, W., Luo, C., Huang, J., Li, C., Liu, Z., & Liu, F. (2022) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-067946 · Cited by 1,073 · see citing works
Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century
Dłuski, D. F., Ruszała, M., Rudziński, G., Pożarowska, K., Brzuszkiewicz, K., & Leszczyńska-Gorzelak, B. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192315804 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
- Authors
- Koivunen, S., Viljakainen, M., Männistö, T., Gissler, M., Pouta, A., Kaaja, R., Eriksson, J., Laivuori, H., Kajantie, E., & Vääräsmäki, M.
- Affiliations
- Oulu University Hospital (FI)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- University of Tampere (FI)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Koivunen, Sanna
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2020-03-05
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e0229496
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7058278
- OpenAlex
- W3010197673
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Academy of Finland (127437, 129306, 130326, 134791, 263924, 315690)
- The European Commission, Horizon 2020 award (733280)
- The Finnish Foundation for Pediatric Research
- The Juho Vainio Foundation
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation
- The Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation
- The Sigrid Juselius Foundation
- The Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation
- The Medical Research Center Oulu
- The National Graduate School of Clinical Investigation
- Pohjois-Suomen Terveydenhuollon Tukisäätiö
- The Finnish Medical Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, diagnostic criteria, IADPSG criteria, NICE criteria, oral glucose tolerance test, GDM prevalence, perinatal outcomes, large for gestational age, cesarean section, birth weight
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Cesarean Section, Female, Fetal Macrosomia, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Mass Screening, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Retrospective Studies, Prevalence, Diabetes, Gestational
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
