Machine learning based approach to exam cheating detection

Long Short-Term Memory

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SMOTE synthetic minority over-sampling technique

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Isolation Forest

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A Review of Recurrent Neural Networks: LSTM Cells and Network Architectures

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A Fast Algorithm for the Minimum Covariance Determinant Estimator

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Outlier detection for high dimensional data

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Data imbalance in classification: Experimental evaluation

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Educational data mining and learning analytics for 21st century higher education: a review and synthesis.

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A comparative evaluation of outlier detection algorithms: Experiments and analyses

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Outlier detection for high dimensional data

Aggarwal, C. C., & Yu, P. S. (2001) · ACM SIGMOD Record · doi:10.1145/376284.375668 · Cited by 443 · see citing works

Academic integrity: A review of the literature

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Encouraging Critical Thinking in Online Threaded Discussions

Arend, B. D. (2009) · The Journal of Educators Online · doi:10.9743/jeo.2009.1.1 · Cited by 275 · see citing works

A unified notion of outliers: properties and computation

Knorr, E. M., & Ng, R. T. (1997) · Cited by 257 · see citing works

Online exams and cheating: An empirical analysis of business students' views

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A Survey of Outlier Detection Methods in Network Anomaly Identification

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Are Online Exams an Invitation to Cheat?

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Academic Integrity and Distance Learning

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GEE: A Gradient-based Explainable Variational Autoencoder for Network Anomaly Detection

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Contract Cheating: The Outsourcing of Assessed Student Work

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Using Data Mining to Detect Health Care Fraud and Abuse: A Review of Literature

Joudaki, H., Rashidian, A., Bidgoli, B. M., Mahmoodi, M., Geraili, B., Nasiri, M., & Arab, M. (2014) · Global Journal of Health Science · doi:10.5539/gjhs.v7n1p194 · Cited by 164 · see citing works

Cheating in e-exams and paper exams: the perceptions of engineering students and teachers in Norway

Chirumamilla, A., Sindre, G., & Nguyen‐Duc, A. (2020) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/02602938.2020.1719975 · Cited by 158 · see citing works

Kernel density estimation based sampling for imbalanced class distribution

Kamalov, F. (2019) · Information Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ins.2019.10.017 · Cited by 156 · see citing works

Detecting contract cheating: examining the role of assessment type

Harper, R., Bretag, T., & Rundle, K. (2020) · Higher Education Research & Development · doi:10.1080/07294360.2020.1724899 · Cited by 125 · see citing works

Outlier detection in healthcare fraud: A case study in the Medicaid dental domain

van Capelleveen, G., Poel, M., Mueller, R. M., Thornton, D., & van Hillegersberg, J. (2016) · International Journal of Accounting Information Systems · doi:10.1016/j.accinf.2016.04.001 · Cited by 124 · see citing works

Handbook of Quantitative Methods for Detecting Cheating on Tests

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Forecasting significant stock price changes using neural networks

Kamalov, F. (2020) · Neural Computing and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00521-020-04942-3 · Cited by 117 · see citing works

Assignment outsourcing: moving beyond contract cheating

Awdry, R. (2020) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/02602938.2020.1765311 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

Five ways to hack and cheat with bring‐your‐own‐device electronic examinations

Dawson, P. (2015) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.12246 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

Gamma distribution-based sampling for imbalanced data

Kamalov, F., & Denisov, D. (2020) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2020.106368 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

I will pay someone to do my assignment: an analysis of market demand for contract cheating services on twitter

Amigud, A., & Lancaster, T. (2019) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/02602938.2019.1670780 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Outlier Detection in High Dimensional Data

Kamalov, F., & Leung, H. H. (2020) · Journal of Information & Knowledge Management · doi:10.1142/s0219649220400134 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

How To Proctor from a Distance.

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Towards a General Purpose Anomaly Detection Method to Identify Cheaters in Massive Open Online CoursesPreprint

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Typing Patterns and Authentication in Practical Programming Exams

Leinonen, J., Longi, K., Arto Klami, A., Ahadi, A., & Vihavainen, A. (2016) · ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE) · doi:10.1145/2899415.2899472 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Detecting Cheats In Online Student Assessments Using Data Mining.

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An Inquiry into Major Academic Integrity Violations in Canada: 2010-2019

Eaton, S. E. (2020) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/37443 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Local Outlier Detection in Data Forensics: Data Mining Approach to Flag Unusual Schools

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Secure Online High Stakes Testing: A Serious Alternative as Legal Education Moves OnlinePreprint

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New Era of Artificial Intelligence in Education: Towards a Sustainable Multifaceted Revolution

Kamalov, F., Santandreu Calonge, D., & Gurrib, I. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151612451 · Cited by 1,089 · see citing works

The impact of ChatGPT on higher education

Dempere, J., Modugu, K., Hesham, A., & Ramasamy, L. K. (2023) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2023.1206936 · Cited by 519 · see citing works

The Rise of Artificial Intelligence in Educational Measurement: Opportunities and Ethical Challenges

Bulut, O., Beiting-Parrish, M., Casabianca, J., Slater, S. C., Jiao, H., Song, D., Ormerod, C., Fabiyi, D. G., Ivan, R., Walsh, C., et al. (2024) · Chinese/English Journal of Educational Measurement and Evaluation · doi:10.59863/miql7785 · Cited by 83 · see citing works

A systematic review of research on artificial intelligence in higher education: Practice, gaps, and future directions in the GCC

Fadlelmula, F. K., & Qadhi, S. M. (2024) · Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice · doi:10.53761/pswgbw82 · Cited by 102 · see citing works

A systematic review on machine learning models for online learning and examination systems

Kaddoura, S., Popescu, D. E., & Hemanth, J. D. (2022) · PeerJ Computer Science · doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.986 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Student Cheating Detection in Higher Education by Implementing Machine Learning and LSTM Techniques

Alsabhan, W. M. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23084149 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Could the Use of AI in Higher Education Hinder Students With Disabilities? A Scoping Review

Pierrès, O., Christen, M., Schmitt, F., & Darvishy, A. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3365368 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

How Machine Learning (ML) is Transforming Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review

Pinto, A. S., Abreu, A. J., Costa, E., & Paiva, J. (2023) · Journal of Information Systems Engineering & Management · doi:10.55267/iadt.07.13227 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Deep learning for Covid-19 forecasting: State-of-the-art review.

Kamalov, F., Rajab, K. D., Cherukuri, A. K., Elnagar, A., & Safaraliev, M. (2022) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2022.09.005 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Forecasting COVID-19: Vector Autoregression-Based Model

Rajab, K. D., Kamalov, F., & Cherukuri, A. K. (2022) · Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s13369-021-06526-2 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Keep it simple: random oversampling for imbalanced data

Kamalov, F., Leung, H., & Cherukuri, A. K. (2023) · Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET) · doi:10.1109/aset56582.2023.10180891 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Enough of the chit-chat: A comparative analysis of four AI chatbots for calculus and statistics

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Comparative analysis of activation functions in neural networks

Kamalov, F., Nazir, A., Safaraliev, M., Cherukuri, A. K., & Zgheib, R. (2021) · IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS) · doi:10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665646 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Redefining assessment tasks to promote students’ creativity and integrity in the age of generative artificial intelligence

Peters, M., & Angelov, D. (2025) · International Journal for Educational Integrity · doi:10.1007/s40979-025-00201-x · Cited by 27 · see citing works

An Ensemble Learning Approach Based on TabNet and Machine Learning Models for Cheating Detection in Educational Tests

Zhen, Y., & Zhu, X. (2023) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/00131644231191298 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Item Difficulty Prediction Using Item Text Features: Comparison of Predictive Performance across Machine-Learning Algorithms

Štěpánek, L., Dlouhá, J., & Martinková, P. (2023) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math11194104 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Preserving integrity in online assessment using feature engineering and machine learning

Garg, M., & Goel, A. (2023) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120111 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Exam Cheating Detection System with Multiple-Human Pose Estimation

Samir, M. A., Maged, Y., & Atia, A. (2021) · IEEE International Conference on Computing (ICOCO) · doi:10.1109/icoco53166.2021.9673534 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Keystroke Dynamics Against Academic Dishonesty in the Age of LLMs

Kundu, D., Mehta, A., Rajesh Kumar., K., Lal, N., Anand, A., Singh, A., & Shah, R. R. (2024) · IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB) · doi:10.1109/ijcb62174.2024.10744461 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Real-Time Detection of Examination Malpractices Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Video Surveillance: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Adeyemi, J. O., Ogunlere, S. O., & Akwaronwu, B. G. (2025) · British Journal of Computer Networking and Information Technology · doi:10.52589/bjcnit-qc5eelje · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Online laboratory practices and assessment using training and learning activities as teaching methodologies adapted to remote learning. Student satisfaction and improved academic performance

Ros, G. G., & Alhama, I. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19742 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Sequential Process Data

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Detecting Fraudulent Student Communication in a Multiple Choice Online Test Environment

Carrasco, M., Silva, A. R., & Henriques, R. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems · doi:10.1109/tcss.2023.3254504 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Students’ Perception and Performance Regarding Structured Query Language Through Online and Face-to-Face Learning

Elalouf, A., Edelman, A., Sever, D., Cohen, S., Ovadia, R., Agami, O., & Shayhet, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.935997 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Contract Cheat Detection using Biometric Keystroke Dynamics

Agarwal, N., Danielsen, N. F., Gravdal, P. K., & Bours, P. (2022) · International Conference on Emerging eLearning Technologies and Applications (ICETA) · doi:10.1109/iceta57911.2022.9974870 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Deep Learning-Based Smart Invigilation System for Enhanced Exam Integrity

Arumugam, S. (2025) · Proceedings of Engineering and Technology Innovation · doi:10.46604/peti.2024.14105 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

AI-based Surveillance for Exam Integrity: Real-Time Detection of Abnormal Student Behavior

Adhatrao, A. S., Patil, M. B., Sanmukh, S. G., Shinde, A., & Musale, S. (2025) · International Conference on Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning (ICSADL) · doi:10.1109/icsadl65848.2025.10933137 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

An Algorithm based on Convolutional Neural Networks to Manage Online Exams via Learning Management System Without using a Webcam

Smirani, L. K., & Boulahia, J. A. (2022) · International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications · doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2022.0130336 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

The Games We Play: Critical Complexity Improves Machine Learning

Birhane, A., & Sumpter, D. J. T. (2022) · Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications · doi:10.3233/faia220186 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Machine Learning–Based Profiling in Test Cheating Detection

Meng, H., & Ma, Y. (2023) · Educational Measurement Issues and Practice · doi:10.1111/emip.12541 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Testování a hodnocení studentů na VŠ

Štuka, Č., & Vejražka, M. (2022) · Karolinum Press eBooks · doi:10.14712/9788024651088 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Can spiritual power reduce online cheating behavior among university students? The fraud triangle theory perspective

Sholikhah, Z., Adawiyah, W. R., Pramuka, B. A., & Pariyanti, E. (2023) · Journal of International Education in Business · doi:10.1108/jieb-11-2022-0082 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Cheating Detection of Test Collusion: A Study on Machine Learning Techniques and Feature Representation

Chang, S., & Chang, K. L. (2023) · Educational Measurement Issues and Practice · doi:10.1111/emip.12538 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Machine learning prediction for academic misconduct prediction: an analysis of binary classification metrics

Masrom, S., Samad, N. H. A., Septiyanti, R., Roslan, N., & Rahman, R. A. (2023) · Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics · doi:10.11591/eei.v13i1.5629 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Towards technology-enhanced learning: A novel machine learning approach in education 4.0

Dehbi, A., Bakhouyi, A., Dehbi, R., & Talea, M. (2025) · Telematics and Informatics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.teler.2025.100194 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Are most FT50 journals truly “suspected predatory”, or has an AI-driven “predatory” journal detector erred in its classification?

da Silva, J. A. T., Tsigaris, P., & Moussa, S. (2025) · Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship · doi:10.1080/1941126x.2025.2497727 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Anomaly detection in the course evaluation process: a learning analytics–based approach

Vaidya, A., & Sharma, S. (2023) · Interactive Technology and Smart Education · doi:10.1108/itse-09-2022-0124 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Enhancing Online Exam Security: Deep Learning Algorithms for Cheating Detection

Iqbal, T., Ali, T. M., Shaf, A., & Ali, M. S. (2023) · International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology (FIT) · doi:10.1109/fit60620.2023.00032 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Exploring the Transformative Potential of Machine Learning in Engineering and STEM Education: A Comprehensive Study on Enhancing Cognitive Levels and Learning Insights

Vega, K. A. G., & Tejeda, S. (2023) · World Engineering Education Forum - Global Engineering Deans Council (WEEF-GEDC) · doi:10.1109/weef-gedc59520.2023.10343631 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

A Comparative Study of Deep Transfer Learning Algorithm for Cheating Detection in the Exam Based on Surveillance Camera Recording

Imah, E. M., Puspitasari, R. D. I., Annisa, F. Q., & Al-Habib, H. (2023) · International Conference on Sustainable Information Engineering and Technology (SIET) · doi:10.1145/3626641.3626933 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Remote Online-exam Dishonesty in Medical School during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Real-world Case with a Multi-method Approach

Pongchaikul, P., Vivithanaporn, P., Somboon, N., Tantasiri, J., Suwanlikit, T., Sukkul, A., Banyen, T., Prommahom, A., Pakakasama, S., & Ungkanont, A. (2024) · Journal of Academic Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10805-024-09571-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Deep Transfer Learning Feature Concatenation for Exam Cheating Detection Based on Footage Camera Recordings

Puspitasari, R. D. I., Annisa, F. Q., & Imah, E. M. (2024) · International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science · doi:10.1109/mhs63891.2024.10856295 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Online Payments Fraud Detection with Machine Learning Algorithm

Singh, R., Sekar, J., Ahmad, P., & Ahmad, V. (2024) · International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Networking (ICAC2N) · doi:10.1109/icac2n63387.2024.10894819 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Visual Distance Fraudulent Detection in Exam Hall using YOLO Detector

Padhiyar, P., Parmar, K., Parmar, N., & Degadwala, S. (2023) · International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT) · doi:10.1109/icict57646.2023.10134271 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Numerical computing in engineering mathematics

Kamalov, F., & Leung, H. (2022) · Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET) · doi:10.1109/aset53988.2022.9734960 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Machine learning methods in analysis of concrete: a state-of-the-art review

Kamolov, S. (2023) · Annals of Mathematics and Computer Science · doi:10.56947/amcs.v18.218 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

A Combine Solution for Online Exams Cheating Detection, Prediction, and Prevention Using Artificial Intelligence

Huy, D. P. M., Nguyen, G. N., & Le, D. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-3381-4_51 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

M-ISFCM: A Semisupervised Method for Anomaly Detection of MOOC Learning Behavior

Zhou, S., Cao, L., Zhang, R., & Sun, G. (2022) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-5209-8_22 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Machine Learning Technique for Facial Datasets to Detect Examination Fraudulent Activities in the Online Examination: A Systematic Review Approach

Nafrees, A. C. M., Bharathi, B., Sasubilli, D., & Komma, S. S. R. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Current Development in Engineering and Technology (CCET) · doi:10.1109/ccet56606.2022.10080219 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Academic Dishonesty in Virtual Assessment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Study

Navidinia, H., Năznean, A., Sourani, M., & Hekmati, N. (2024) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-024-00829-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Federated learning approach for human activity recognition in online examination environment

Ramu, S., Guddeti, R. M. R., & Mohan, B. R. (2025) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-025-20815-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Advancing Educational Equity through Sustainable AI Deployment: Strategies and Innovations for the United Kingdom

Orogun, O., Ogungbe, L., Ajani, A. A., Adegboye, N., & Ogunsola, O. (2024) · European Journal of Contemporary Education and E-Learning · doi:10.59324/ejceel.2024.2(5).03 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

CNN-FSPM-Based Fingerprint Indexing and Matching for Detecting, Predicting, and Preventing Cheating in Online Examinations

Huy, D. P. M., Nguyen, G. N., & Le, D. (2024) · International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science · doi:10.4018/ijkss.364843 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Advancements in Automated Cheating Detection Systems for Online and In-Person Examinations: A Comprehensive Review of Methods, Technologies, and Effectiveness

Ahmed, M., & Mohammed, G. (2025) · International Journal of Mechatronics Robotics and Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.33971/ijmrai.1.2.17 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Log Analyzer for English Proficiency Test Cheating Detection

Lintang, Q. K., Cahyani, N. D. W., & Nugroho, M. A. (2024) · doi:10.1109/icoict61617.2024.10698253 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

A Comparison of Machine Learning Techniques for Yemeni Universities Admission Examinations Predictions

Al-Hagree, S., Al-Sanabani, M. A., Al-Gaphari, G. H., Al-Shalabi, A. A., Alawdi, A., Al-Dilami, R., Mohsen‬‏, ‪. A., & T.Alfahad, K. (2024) · International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Dependable Internet of Things (ICETI) · doi:10.1109/iceti63946.2024.10777278 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Midterm Exam Outliers Efficiently Highlight Potential Cheaters on Programming Assignments

Shirazi, S. H. A., Pang, A., Knight, A., Salloum, M., & Vahid, F. (2025) · ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE) · doi:10.1145/3641554.3701883 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Too Fast for Their Own Good: Analyzing a Decade of Student Exercise Responses to Explore the Impact of Math Solving Photo Apps

Sloan-Lynch, J., Gay, N., & Watkins, R. K. (2022) · International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK) · doi:10.1145/3506860.3506868 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Advances on External Machine Computing Power Focusing on Internal Personal Value: A Case Study on the New Digital Currency

Qian, Y., Zhang, H., Liu, J., Ma, H., Li, X., & Xi, X. (2023) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math11112425 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Exam Cheating Detection Based on Action Recognition Using Vision Transformer

Phan, T., Phan, A.-C., & Tran, H.-D. (2023) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7649-2_6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Anti-Plagiarism System for Exam Monitoring

Pletea-Marinescu, V., Su, G., Ciocîrlan, Ș.-D., & Mocanu, S. A. (2025) · RoEduNet Conference: Networking in Education and Research (RoEduNet) · doi:10.1109/roedunet68395.2025.11208257 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Machine Learning Detection of IPKVM Exploitation in Online Exam Environments

Kats, J., & León, M. (2025) · IEEE Opportunity Research Scholars Symposium (ORSS) · doi:10.1109/orss66051.2025.11121637 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Detection of risk levels in optical mark recognition exams using categorical feature-based machine learning models

Sancar, Y. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-32963-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Deep learning approaches for predicting cheating from student exam results: a comparative study under imbalanced data conditions

Huy, D. P. M., Như, N. G., & Le, D. (2026) · Applied Computing and Informatics · doi:10.1108/aci-07-2025-0308 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

A Cost-Effective Tiered Proctoring Framework for Machine Learning-Based Risk Assessment of Cheating in Examination Monitoring

Malhotra, M., & Chhabra, I. (2026) · SN Computer Science · doi:10.1007/s42979-026-04730-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

An Explainable Neuro-Symbolic Framework for Online Exam Cheating Detection

Özseven, T., & Ozseven, B. E. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16062884 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Towards Intelligent Offline Proctoring: AI-Driven Spatio-Temporal Behavioral Analysis

Sinha, S. R., Parikh, A., Jain, S., & Puthran, S. (2026) · IEEE International Conference on AI Engineering and Innovations (AIEI) · doi:10.1109/aiei69164.2026.11496767 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

WeCheat: Algorithm for e-Learning Smart Cheating Detection Using Mean-Shift Clustering

Hazimeh, H., Fayyad-Kazan, H. F., Hejase, H., Daher, K., Mugellini, E., & Khaled, O. A. (2022) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-3112-3_31 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Cheating Detection in Online Exams

Rhezzali, N. E., Hilal, I., & Hnida, M. (2023) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29857-8_44 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Cheating Detection in Online Exams Using Transfer Learning

Abourifa, H., Qarbal, I., Ouahabi, S., Sael, N., Filali, S. E., & Guemmat, K. E. (2025) · International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET) · doi:10.1109/iraset64571.2025.11008131 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

A Review On Anomalous Movement Fraudulent Detection in Exam Hall

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Making DelProctor Proctoring Applications Using OpenCV

Sihombing, T. H., Aruan, N. M., Bu'ulolo, I. C., Ubaid, A., & Manik, E. D. (2022) · International Conference of Computer Science and Information Technology (ICoSNIKOM) · doi:10.1109/icosnikom56551.2022.10034915

Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Cheating Detection in Online Examinations

Akif, M. A. H., Roy, K., Abdullah, N., Priota, N. Z., & Onim, M. S. H. (2022) · International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT) · doi:10.1109/iccit57492.2022.10055801

Menyoktek = Drop Out? Sebuah Strategi Untuk Menegakkan Integritas Akademik Mahasiswa

Juwita, R. (2022) · IMPROVEMENT Jurnal Ilmiah untuk peningkatan mutu manajemen pendidikan · doi:10.21009/improvement.v9i1.26966

Online Exam Cheating Detection Method for Programming Courses

Zhou, F. (2023) · Journal of Education and Educational Research · doi:10.54097/jeer.v5i2.12791

POSSIBILITIES OF IMPLEMENTING NATURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF PROCTORING WITHIN THE UNIFOR TEST SYSTEM

Klement, M. (2024) · Trends in Education · doi:10.5507/tvv.2023.007

A Tool for the Discovery of Academic Misconduct in Online Assessments Using Student Activity Logs

Gordon, P., & Mcdougall, M. (2024) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--42541

Predicting and Analyzing Student Exam Behavior with Distributed Machine Learning

Kumar, A., Joshi, J. P., Agarwal, A., Gawande, A. A., Sikhakolli, A. K., Joshi, M., Singh, K. D., Dadas, A. B., & Gupta, D. K. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Techniques in Control, Optimization and Signal Processing (INCOS) · doi:10.1109/incos59338.2024.10527484

Comparative Study of Different Machine Learning Algorithms to Classify EEG Commands

H, L. H., & A., B. M. A. M. (2024) · Al-Iraqia Journal of Scientific Engineering Research · doi:10.58564/ijser.3.2.2024.176

Identification Of Classroom Sheet Exam Cheating Trials Using a Deep Learning Approach

Abeba, G., Genetu, A., Getenet, S., Bitew, D., & Alemu, F. (2024) · International Journal of Computer Applications · doi:10.5120/ijca2024923622

INTELLIGUARD: THE EXAM MANAGEMENT AND ANOMALY DETECTION

(2024) · International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science · doi:10.56726/irjmets54790

The Identification of Guessing Patterns in Progress Testing as a Machine Learning Classification ProblemPreprint

Atanet, I. R., Sehy, V., Sieg, M., & März, M. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4731140/v1

The Identification of Guessing Patterns in Progress Testing as a Machine Learning Classification ProblemPreprint

Atanet, I. R., Sehy, V., Sieg, M., & März, M. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4731140/v2

Aspects of the use of proctoring systems in the implementation of mass on-line tests

Klement, M. (2024) · e-Pedagogium · doi:10.5507/epd.2024.004

The Identification of Guessing Patterns in Progress Testing as a Machine Learning Classification ProblemPreprint

Atanet, I. R., Sehy, V., Sieg, M., & März, M. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4731140/v3

Using Deep Learning to Detect Cheating on TCExam Platform Through Real-Time Facial Emotion Recognition

Khabbachi, I., Zouhair, A., & Mahboub, A. (2024) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-74491-4_4

CB-YOLO: A Small Object Detection Algorithm for Industrial Scenarios

Chen, H., Wu, X., Su, Z., Zhao, Y., Dong, Y., & Liu, X. (2024) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/smc54092.2024.10831854

Exam Cheating Classification Using a Deep Learning Approach

Bishaw, M. E., Salau, A. O., Vats, S., Kaushik, K., Alemu, W. B., & Tin, T. T. (2024) · Global AI Summit - International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technology (AI Summit) · doi:10.1109/globalaisummit62156.2024.10947934

Transformación curricular y tecnologías digitales automatizadas en educación superior: El Caso de la UNED Costa Rica

Neira-Cortés, A.-M. (2025) · REDU Revista de Docencia Universitaria · doi:10.4995/redu.2025.22241

BOARD # 88: WIP: Detecting Academic Dishonesty in Online Exams Using Machine Learning Techniques

Choya, S. B. Z., & Boicu, M. (2025) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--55904

Malpractice Prediction in Examination Hall Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques

Deo, S., Adnan, M., Maurya, U., & S, S. M. B. (2025) · International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC) · doi:10.1109/icisc65841.2025.11188242

A Review on Intelligent Exam Monitoring System Using Deep Learning

Neha, T., Vennela, T. N., Ravithreni, N., Kanakadurga, A. C. S., & Sneha, T. (2025) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-0269-1_154

Designing a Log Lifecycle System for English Proficiency Tests (EPT)

Priyagung Elza, Y., Cahyani, N. D. W., & Suryani, V. (2025) · International Conference on Intelligent Cybernetics Technology & Applications (ICICyTA) · doi:10.1109/icicyta68677.2025.11362739

LLM-Assisted Cheating Detection in Korean Language via Keystrokes

Roh, D. H., Kumar, R., & Ngo, A. (2025) · IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB) · doi:10.1109/ijcb65343.2025.11411145

A Survey on Data-Driven Integrity Monitoring and Learning Optimization in Online Assessments

Krupić, M., Кеčo, D., Hajro, A., & Korman, A. (2026) · International Symposium INFOTEH-JAHORINA (INFOTEH) · doi:10.1109/infoteh68759.2026.11477678

Behavioural Consistency Framework for Integrity Analysis in Online AssessmentsPreprint

Vinaik, U., & Tuteja, S. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6638047

RAG-HA: Recognizing AI-Generated Handwritten Answers based on Argument-Mining Framework

Gayen, A., Sikdar, S., Bose, A., De, A., Mandal, A., & Jana, A. (2026) · IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT) · doi:10.1109/csnt69054.2026.11502466

Educación superior durante la pandemia por COVID 19: Perspectiva de los educadores

Mayorga, D. A. C., Contreras, J. L. G., & López, Z. E. C. (2026) · Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos · doi:10.17151/rlee.2025.21.2.9

A Changepoint Rule for Determining Bicluster Retention Cutoffs in Cheating Detection

Lee, H. (2026) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/00131644261459591

Closing the Benchmark Gap in Browser-Extension Proctoring: A Formally Specified, Reproducibly Evaluated Architecture for Real-Time, BYOD-Compatible Examination Malpractice DetectionPreprint

Uzonu, C. O., Afolabi, K. O., & Muhammad, A. B. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10540699/v1

DEEP LEARNING FOR AUTOMATICALLY DETECTING CHEATING IN ONLINE EXAMS

Researcher (2023) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.15267915

A Method for Cheating Indication in Unproctored On-Line Exams

Komosný, D., & Rehman, S. U. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22020654 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Assistant for the detection of potential cheating behavior in synchronous online programming exams

Ortín, F., Gago, Á. D., Quiroga, J., & Garcia, M. (2025) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.15870281 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Automated Academic Cheating Detection Using Video Surveillance and Circumstantial Action Recognition

Bhowmik, P., & Das, S. (2026) · Computación y Sistemas · doi:10.13053/cys-30-1-5160

Examinator v4.0 : Cheating Detection in Online Take-Home Exams

Cui, C., Hung, J.-T., Malhotra, V., Goel, H., Apoorv, R., & Starner, T. E. (2024) · ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale (L@S) · doi:10.1145/3657604.3664659 · Cited by 1 · see citing works