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Association of maternal obesity with fetal and neonatal death: Evidence from South and South-East Asian countries
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Background: Obesity prevalence is increasing in many countries in the world, including Asia. Maternal obesity is highly associated with fetal and neonatal deaths. This study investigated whether maternal obesity is a risk factor of fetal death (measured in terms of miscarriage and stillbirth) and neonatal mortality in South and South-East Asian countries. Methods: This cross-sectional study pooled the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from eight South and South-East Asian countries (2014–2018). Multivariate logistic regression was deployed to check the relationships between maternal obesity with fetal and neonatal deaths. Finally, multilevel logistic regression model was employed since the DHS data has a hierarchical structure. Results: The pooled logistic regression model illustrated that maternal obesity is associated with higher odds of miscarriage (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.20–1.33) and stillbirths (aOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.27–1.67) after adjustment of confounders. Children of obese mothers were at 1.18 (aOR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08–1.28) times greater risk of dying during the early neonatal period than mothers with a healthy weight. However, whether maternal obesity is statistically a significant risk factor for the offspring’s late neonatal deaths was not confirmed. The significant association between maternal obesity with miscarriage, stillbirth and early neonatal mortality was further confirmed by multilevel logistic regression results. Conclusion: Maternal obesity in South and South-East Asian countries is associated with a greater risk of fetal and early neonatal deaths. This finding has substantial public health implications. Strategies to prevent and reduce obesity should be developed before planning pregnancy to reduce the fetal and neonatal death burden. Obese women need to deliver at the institutional facility centre that can offer obstetrics and early neonatal care.
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In South Asian women, obesity increased stillbirth risk substantially (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.27-1.67).
“In South Asian women, obesity increased risk substantially (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.27–1.67). 39”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
The Results report higher adjusted odds of stillbirth among mothers with obesity (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.27–1.67). However, this estimate comes from a pooled sample of South and South-East Asian countries, not South Asian women alone. The Discussion also says the cross-sectional study cannot establish a causal effect, so “increased risk” should be read as an association. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHaque et al. noted 8% greater risk of miscarriage with overweight and 26% greater risk with obesity.
“Similar findings were reported by Haque et al., 39 who noted 8% greater risk with overweight and 26% greater risk with obesity.”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
Stillbirth is more likely in pregnancies complicated by overweight or obesity.
“Other studies suggest that stillbirth is more likely in pregnancies complicated by overweight 44 or obesity. 39 , 42 , 45”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
Large studies of Asian populations indicate a modest but significant risk of miscarriage with obesity.
“large studies of Asian populations indicate a modest but significant risk.”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Haque, R., Keramat, S. A., Rahman, S. M., Mustafa, M. U. R., & Alam, K.
- Affiliations
- American International University-Bangladesh (BD)
- Khulna University (BD)
- University of Southern Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Haque, Rezwanul
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2021-09-02
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e0256725
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8412251
- OpenAlex
- W3196793974
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 3.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Queensland ePrints (University of Southern Queensland) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Keywords
- maternal obesity, fetal death, neonatal mortality, miscarriage, stillbirth, early neonatal death, South and Southeast Asia, pregnancy outcomes, maternal health
- MeSH terms
- Pregnancy in Obesity, Obesity, Maternal, Adolescent, Adult, Asia, Southeastern, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant Mortality, Infant, Newborn, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Body Mass Index, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Stillbirth, Perinatal Death
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