The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet.
Effects of time management interventions on mental health and wellbeing factors: A protocol for a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Background: Poor employee mental health and wellbeing are highly prevalent and costly. Time-related factors such as work intensification and perceptions of time poverty or pressure pose risks to employee health and wellbeing. While reviews suggest that there are positive associations between time management behavior and wellbeing, there is limited rigorous and systematic research examining the effectiveness of time management interventions on wellbeing in the workplace. A thorough review is needed to synthesize time management interventions and their effectiveness to promote employee mental health and wellbeing. Method: A systematic search will be conducted using the following databases: PsychINFO via OVID (1806-Present), Web of Science, Scopus via Elsevier (1976-Present), Academic Search Complete (EBSCO), Cochrane Library via Wiley (1992-Present), and MEDLINE via OVID (1946-Present). The review will include experimental and quasi-experimental studies that evaluate the effects of time management interventions on wellbeing outcomes on healthy adults in a workplace context. Only studies in English will be included. Two authors will independently perform the literature search, record screening, data extraction, and quality assessment of each study included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Data will be critically appraised using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tools. Depending on the data, a meta-analysis or a narrative synthesis will be conducted. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in the development of this protocol. The protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD4202125715). Discussion: This review will provide systematic evidence on the effects of time management interventions on wellbeing outcomes in the workplace. It will contribute to our understanding of how time management approaches may help to address growing concerns for employee mental health and wellbeing.
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“In particular, there is insufficient evidence regarding how FTM may relate to the associa tions between digital stress factors and PWB in collectivist cultural settings (Young et al., 2024).”
From Fear of missing out and psychological well-being: Examining the dual pathways of problematic social media use and digital burnout (2026) · cites this paper as Young et al., 2024
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Cites
The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n71 · Cited by 108,283
PRISMA-P Group, Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., & Stewart, L. A. (2015) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/2046-4053-4-1 · Cited by 26,223
Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., Stewart, L. A., & the PRISMA-P Group (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g7647 · Cited by 13,120
A review of the time management literature
Claessens, B. J. C., van Eerde, W., Rutte, C. G., & Roe, R. A. (2007) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/00483480710726136 · Cited by 792
Time management: Test of a process model
Macan, T. H. (1994) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.79.3.381 · Cited by 601
Green, F. (2001) · British Journal of Industrial Relations · doi:10.1111/1467-8543.00189 · Cited by 375
Mazzola, J. J., & Disselhorst, R. (2019) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2412 · Cited by 346
Not all hours are equal: could time be a social determinant of health?
Strazdins, L. M., Welsh, J., Korda, R., Broom, D., & Paolucci, F. (2015) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12300 · Cited by 182
Buying time promotes happiness
Whillans, A. V., Dunn, E. W., Smeets, P., Bekkers, R., & Norton, M. I. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1706541114 · Cited by 179
Does time management work? A meta-analysis
Aeon, B., Faber, A., & Panaccio, A. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245066 · Cited by 172 · cited 6×
“And, finally, there is a lack of clarity, consistency, and generalizability across what is being conducted as a time management intervention [16].”
Influential
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- World Health Organization, 2022, Mental health at work;
- Current Priorities of the U.S. Surgeon General [Internet]., 2022, The U.S. Surgeon General’s framework for workplace mental health & well-being
- C Leclerc, 2022, OSH Pulse—Occupational safety and health in post-pandemic workplaces., European Agency for Safety and Health at Work.
- J. Zuzanek, 2004, Work and Leisure, 123
- J Higgins, Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022)., Cochrane
- JE McKenzie, Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.0 (updated July 2019).
Cited by
Time Management and Achievement Motivation: A Review of What We Know and Directions for Where to Go
Wolters, C. A., Brady, A. C., & Lee, H. J. (2025) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-025-10032-4 · Cited by 31
“A route for effecting changes in time management, for example, has been through developing and testing the effectiveness of extracurricular interventions such as stand-alone training, work-shops, or individual counseling (Hafner et al., 2014; Young et al., 2024).”
PITCH: Designing Agentic Conversational Support for Planning and Self-reflection
Abbas, A., Wohn, C., Hu, D., Rho, E. H. R., & Lee, S. W. (2025) · ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (CUI) · doi:10.1145/3719160.3736634 · Cited by 12
Hoyas, E. H., García‐Bravo, C., Pérez‐Corrales, J., Bullón-Benito, E., Fernández-Gómez, G., & Rodríguez-Pérez, M. P. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1631096 · Cited by 6
“Several studies (39–41) have determined that students who manage their time poorly experience an occupational imbalance between their academic responsibilities and leisure time, resulting in high levels of anxiety.”
Tufan, C., Köksal, K., Griffiths, M. D., & Terzioglu, Z. A. (2026) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2025.2587974 · Cited by 4
“In particular, there is insufficient evidence regarding how FTM may relate to the associations between digital stress factors and PWB in collectivist cultural settings (Young et al., 2024).”
Mordeno, I. G., Lucero, L., & Bigcas, J. D. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1850327 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Young, A. N., Bourke, A., Foley, S., & Di Blasi, Z.
- Affiliations
- University College Cork (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Young, Anna Navin
- Bourke, Aoife
- Foley, Sarah
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2024-03-11
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e0288887
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10927119
- OpenAlex
- W4392662188
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 1.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Workaholism, burnout, and well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Keywords
- employee mental health, employee well-being, time poverty, work intensification, time pressure, workplace interventions
- MeSH terms
- Systematic Reviews as Topic, Adult, Humans, Mental Health, Review Literature as Topic, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Occupational Health, Workplace, Time Management
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