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Seasonal Pulses of Marburg Virus Circulation in Juvenile Rousettus aegyptiacus Bats Coincide with Periods of Increased Risk of Human Infection
Open accessAbstract
Marburg virus (family Filoviridae) causes sporadic outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Bats have been implicated as likely natural reservoir hosts based most recently on an investigation of cases among miners infected in 2007 at the Kitaka mine, Uganda, which contained a large population of Marburg virus-infected Rousettus aegyptiacus fruit bats. Described here is an ecologic investigation of Python Cave, Uganda, where an American and a Dutch tourist acquired Marburg virus infection in December 2007 and July 2008. More than 40,000 R. aegyptiacus were found in the cave and were the sole bat species present. Between August 2008 and November 2009, 1,622 bats were captured and tested for Marburg virus. Q-RT-PCR analysis of bat liver/spleen tissues indicated ~2.5% of the bats were actively infected, seven of which yielded Marburg virus isolates. Moreover, Q-RT-PCR-positive lung, kidney, colon and reproductive tissues were found, consistent with potential for oral, urine, fecal or sexual transmission. The combined data for R. aegyptiacus tested from Python Cave and Kitaka mine indicate low level horizontal transmission throughout the year. However, Q-RT-PCR data show distinct pulses of virus infection in older juvenile bats (~six months of age) that temporarily coincide with the peak twice-yearly birthing seasons. Retrospective analysis of historical human infections suspected to have been the result of discrete spillover events directly from nature found 83% (54/65) events occurred during these seasonal pulses in virus circulation, perhaps demonstrating periods of increased risk of human infection. The discovery of two tags at Python Cave from bats marked at Kitaka mine, together with the close genetic linkages evident between viruses detected in geographically distant locations, are consistent with R. aegyptiacus bats existing as a large meta-population with associated virus circulation over broad geographic ranges. These findings provide a basis for developing Marburg hemorrhagic fever risk reduction strategies.
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“The host of MV is the fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus), with transmission to humans occurring via direct contact with an infected animal host (13,14).”
From Marburg virus disease outbreaks, mathematical models, and disease parameters: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Amman, B. R., Carroll, S. A., Reed, Z. D., Sealy, T. K., Balinandi, S., Swanepoel, R., Kemp, A., Erickson, B. R., Comer, J. A., Campbell, S., Cannon, D. L., Khristova, M. L., Atimnedi, P., Paddock, C. D., Kent Crockett, R. J., Flietstra, T. D., Warfield, K. L., Unfer, R., Katongole-Mbidde, E., Downing, R., Tappero, J. W., Zaki, S. R., Rollin, P. E., Ksiazek, T. G., Nichol, S. T., & Towner, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (ZA)
- Uganda Wildlife Authority (UG)
- Integrated BioTherapeutics (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Towner, Jonathan S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS Pathogens
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-10-04
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e1002877
- ISSN
- 1553-7366 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7374
- PMC
- PMC3464226
- OpenAlex
- W2131851182
- Cited by
- 453
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 13.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS Pathogens (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Vectors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Keywords
- Marburg virus, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Pteropodidae, bat reservoir hosts, juvenile bats, Marburg hemorrhagic fever, horizontal transmission, metapopulation, risk mitigation strategies
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, Chiroptera, Disease Reservoirs, Female, Humans, Male, Marburg Virus Disease, Nuclear Proteins, Phylogeny, Retrospective Studies, RNA, Viral, Seasons, Uganda, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Marburgvirus, Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins, Caves
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