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Are Twins and Singletons Comparable? A Study of Disease-related and Lifestyle Characteristics in Adult Women
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The classic twin study is sometimes described as "the perfect natural experiment" for the investigation of the aetiology of complex disease, but assumptions of the twin design need to be empirically tested if their results are to be considered unbiased and representative of singleton populations. In this study comparisons of disease and prevalence of lifestyle characteristics have been made between twin participants in the St Thomas' Hospital UK adult twin registry, the largest twin volunteer register in the UK for the study of diseases of ageing, and a parallel population-based study of singleton women. The only differences found were for weight, where monozygotic (MZ) twins were lighter and had a smaller variance than dizygotic (DZ) twins and singletons. For the other variables studied, volunteer twins were not found to differ from age-matched singleton women in distribution or prevalence of: bone mineral density, osteoarthritis, blood pressure, hypertensive drug use, height, history of hysterectomy and ovariectomy, menopausal status and current alcohol and overall tobacco consumption. We conclude that the results of twin studies can be generalised to singleton populations for these measures and disease outcomes.
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“For the study of both personality and somatic health, twins have been shown to be representative for the general population [31, 32]”
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Self-citationRied, J. S., Shin, S., Krumsiek, J., Illig, T., Theis, F. J., Spector, T. D., Adamski, J., Wichmann, H. ‐., Strauch, K., Soranzo, N., et al. (2014) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu301 · Cited by 27
Self-citationGenetic effects on male sexual coercion
Johansson, A., Santtila, P. O., Harlaar, N., von der Pahlen, B., Witting, K., Ålgars, M., Alanko, K., Jern, P., Varjonen, M., & Sandnabba, N. K. (2007) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.20230 · Cited by 26
Variation at the ANP32A gene is associated with risk of hip osteoarthritis in women
Valdes, A. M., Lories, R. J. U., van Meurs, J. B. J., Kerkhof, H. J. M., Doherty, S. A., Albert Hofman, D., Hart, D. J., Zhang, F., Luyten, F. P., Uitterlinden, A. G., et al. (2009) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.24627 · Cited by 26
Self-citationGenetic and Environmental Effects on Sexual Excitation and Sexual Inhibition in Men
Varjonen, M., Santtila, P. O., Höglund, M., Jern, P., Johansson, A., Wager, I., Witting, K., Ålgars, M., & Sandnabba, N. K. (2007) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490701578653 · Cited by 26
Goyenechea, E., Collins, L. J., Parra, D., Liu, G., Snieder, H., Swaminathan, R., Spector, T. D., Martínez, J. A., & O’Dell, S. D. (2008) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1375/twin.11.6.621 · Cited by 25
Self-citationCamplejohn, R. S., Hodgson, S. V., Carter, N., Kato, B. S., & Spector, T. D. (2006) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603257 · Cited by 25
Self-citationThe Interaction of Genes and Smoking on Forced Expiratory Volume
Zhai, G., Valdes, A. M., Cherkas, L. F., Clement, G., Strachan, D. P., & Spector, T. D. (2007) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.07-1438 · Cited by 25
Self-citationWhitehouse, A., Spector, T. D., & Cherkas, L. F. (2008) · Dyslexia · doi:10.1002/dys.378 · Cited by 25
Self-citationJamshidi, Y., Snieder, H., Wang, X., Spector, T. D., Carter, N. D., & O’Dell, S. D. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-0093-3 · Cited by 25
Self-citationLU, Y., ZHU, H., Wang, X., Snieder, H., Huang, Y., HARSHFIELD, G., Treiber, F. A., & DONG, Y. (2006) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2006.01.006 · Cited by 25
Self-citationBurri, A. V., Ogata, S., Rice, D. A., & Williams, F. M. K. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194562 · Cited by 27
Andrew, T., Calloway, C., Stuart, S. E., Lee, S. H., Gill, R., Clement, G., Chowienczyk, P., Spector, T. D., & Valdes, A. M. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022332 · Cited by 24
Self-citationLevis, B., Burri, A. V., Hudson, M., Baron, M. G., & Thombs, B. D. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052129 · Cited by 24
Burri, A. V., Ogata, S., Rice, D. A., & Williams, F. M. K. (2018) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1233 · Cited by 23
Prostasin: A Possible Candidate Gene for Human Hypertension
Zhu, H., Guo, D., Li, K., Yan, W., Tan, Y., Wang, X., Treiber, F. A., Chao, J., Snieder, H., & Dong, Y. (2008) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1038/ajh.2008.224 · Cited by 24
Self-citationAssociation of Common JAK2 Variants With Body Fat, Insulin Sensitivity and Lipid Profile
Ge, D., Gooljar, S. B., Kyriakou, T., Collins, L. J., Swaminathan, R., Snieder, H., Spector, T. D., & O’Dell, S. D. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.79 · Cited by 24
Self-citationOphthalmic Phenotypes and the Representativeness of Twin Data for the General Population
Sanfilippo, P. G., Medland, S. E., Hewitt, A. W., Kearns, L. S., Ruddle, J. B., Sun, C., Hammond, C. J., Young, T. L., Martin, N. G., & Mackey, D. A. (2011) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7258 · Cited by 23
Body site‐specific genetic effects influence naevus count distribution in women
Visconti, A., Ribero, S., Sanna, M., Spector, T. D., Bataille, V. A., & Falchi, M. (2019) · Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research · doi:10.1111/pcmr.12820 · Cited by 23
Self-citationWilliams, F., Cherkas, L. F., Bertolaccini, M. L., Murru, V., Surdulescu, G., Hughes, G., Khamashta, M. A., Spector, T. D., & MacGregor, A. J. (2008) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01646.x · Cited by 23
Self-citationSignificant differences in UK and US female bone density reference ranges
Substudy, F. T. I.-I. B., Noon, E., Singh, S., Cuzick, J. M., Spector, T. D., Williams, F. M. K., Frost, M. L., Howell, A., Harvie, M., Eastell, R., et al. (2010) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-009-1153-1 · Cited by 23
Self-citationA Behavior Genetic Analysis of Trait Emotional Intelligence and Alexithymia: A Replication
Baughman, H. M., Schermer, J. A., Veselka, L., Harris, J. M., & Vernon, P. A. (2013) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1017/thg.2012.151 · Cited by 22
Kininmonth, A. R., Herle, M., Tommerup, K., Haycraft, E., Farrow, C. V., Croker, H. A., Pickard, A., Edwards, K. L., Blissett, J. M., & Llewellyn, C. H. (2023) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-023-01440-2 · Cited by 25
Jamshidi, Y., Snieder, H., Wang, X., Pavitt, M. J., Spector, T. D., Carter, N. D., & O’Dell, S. D. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0388-z · Cited by 22
Self-citationChanges in Thyroid Function Across Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study
Campbell, P. J., Brown, S. J., Kendrew, P., Lewer, M., Lim, E. M., Joseph, J., Cross, S. M., Wright, M. J., Martin, N. G., Wilson, S. G., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgz331 · Cited by 22
Evidence for Genetic Variation in Human Mate Preferences for Sexually Dimorphic Physical Traits
Verweij, K. J. H., Burri, A. V., & Zietsch, B. P. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049294 · Cited by 21
Latvala, A., Kuja‐Halkola, R., D'Onofrio, B. M., Larsson, H., & Lichtenstein, P. (2016) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13440 · Cited by 22
Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M. R., Girard, A., Dionne, G., & Boivin, M. (2018) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-017-9736-9 · Cited by 21
Metadata
- Authors
- Andrew, T., Hart, D. J., Snieder, H., de Lange, M., Spector, T. D., & MacGregor, A. J.
- Affiliations
- St Thomas' Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Andrew, Toby
- Venue
- Twin Research
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2001-12-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 464-477
- ISSN
- 1369-0523 (ISSN-L)
- 0000-0000
- OpenAlex
- W2015612792
- Cited by
- 440
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 12.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Twin Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Chronic Disease Research Foundation
- British Heart Foundation
- Versus Arthritis (17489)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Assisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, lifestyle characteristics, disease prevalence, body weight, bone mineral density, osteoarthritis, blood pressure, menopause, hysterectomy, ovariectomy, alcohol consumption, smoking, twin registry
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Drinking, Antihypertensive Agents, Blood Pressure, Body Height, Female, Humans, Life Style, Menopause, Middle Aged, Morbidity, Osteoarthritis, Smoking, Social Class, Twins, Bone Density
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