Why Behavioral And Environmental Interventions Are Needed To Improve Health At Lower Cost
Open accessAbstract
We used a dynamic simulation model of the US health system to test three proposed strategies to reduce deaths and improve the cost-effectiveness of interventions: expanding health insurance coverage, delivering better preventive and chronic care, and protecting health by enabling healthier behavior and improving environmental conditions. We found that each alone could save lives and provide good economic value, but they are likely to be more effective in combination. Although coverage and care save lives quickly, they tend to increase costs. The impact of protection grows more gradually, but it is a critical ingredient over time for lowering both the number of deaths and reducing costs. Only protection slows the growth in the prevalence of disease and injury and thereby alleviates rather than exacerbates demand on limited primary care capacity. When added to a simulated scenario with coverage and care, protection could save 90 percent more lives and reduce costs by 30 percent in year 10; by year 25, that same investment in protection could save about 140 percent more lives and reduce costs by 62 percent.
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In a dynamic simulation model of the US health system, when added to a simulated scenario that included expanded coverage and improved care, health promotion could save 90% more lives and reduce costs by 30% in 10 years; by 25 years, it could save 140% more lives and reduce costs by 62%.
“The model showed that when added to a simulated scenario that included expanded coverage and improved care, health promotion could save 90% more lives and reduce costs by 30% in 10 years. That same investment could, by 25 years, save 140% more lives and reduce costs by 62%.35”
From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [35]
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Environmental and behavioural determinants of cardiovascular health
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Health Care in the United States, System Dynamics Applications to
Hirsch, G. B., & Homer, J. B. (2016) · Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27737-5_270-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationHealth Care in the United States, System Dynamics Applications to
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Designing for Impact: Engaging Stakeholders With System Dynamics Models
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Genomics and precision medicine
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Alley, D. E. (2012) · PS Political Science & Politics · doi:10.1017/s1049096512000601 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Adapting Mpowerment to a Rural Area
Tims, M. S. (2012) · doi:10.25148/etd.fi12050244 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Quantifying value in public health: Using economic methods to analyze system change
Green, T. M. (2013) · ScholarWorks - WMU (Western Michigan University)
Sustainability of the Health Care System
Millar, J. S. (2012)
Health + Equity: FINDING SOLUTIONS UPSTREAM
Rosen, M., & Sessions, K. (2012)
Manchester, J. M. (2018) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w24759
McFarland, L., Reineke, E., Milstein, B., Niles, R. D., Hirsch, G. B., Cawvey, E., Homer, J. B., & Desai, A. (2015)
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Personalized medicine and disorders of consciousness
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The revolution of personalized medicine is already upon us in rare diseases
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Brusa, M., & Dickenson, D. L. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198863465.003.0008
- Authors
- Milstein, B., Homer, J., Briss, P., Burton, D., & Pechacek, T.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Jack Homer is president of Homer Consulting, in Voorhees, New Jersey.
- Venue
- Health Affairs
- Publisher
- Health Affairs Publishing, LLC
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 823-832
- ISSN
- 0278-2715 (ISSN-L)
- 1544-5208
- OpenAlex
- W2148081515
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 21.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Health Affairs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University Libraries (University of Maryland) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Healthcare Policy and Management
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Global Health Care Issues
- Keywords
- health protection, environmental health, health behavior, health insurance coverage, preventive medicine, chronic care, cost-effectiveness, mortality reduction, primary care capacity, disease prevalence, injury prevention
- MeSH terms
- Chronic Disease, Computer Simulation, Conservation of Natural Resources, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Environmental Health, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Preventive Health Services, United States, Health Behavior, Survival Rate, Health Care Costs, Insurance Coverage, Quality Improvement
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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