Molecular mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis in development and cancer
Open accessAbstract
The lymphatic system, also named the second vascular system, plays a critical role in tissue homeostasis and immunosurveillance. The past two decades of intensive research have led to the identification and detailed understanding of many molecular players and mechanisms regulating the formation of the lymphatic vasculature during embryonic development. Furthermore, clinical and experimental data clearly demonstrate that the formation of new lymphatic vessels by sprouting lymphangiogenesis from pre-existing lymphatic vessels, or by the de novo formation of lymphatic capillaries also occurs in various pathological conditions, such as cancer and organ transplant rejection, while lymphangiogenesis is non-functional in primary edema. In cancer, lymphatic vessels are one major gateway for invasive tumor cells to leave the primary tumor site and to establish distant organ metastasis. Therefore, the specific targeting of the lymphatic vasculature at the tumor site could be a promising approach to prevent metastasis formation.
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LECs produce chemoattractants including SDF-1 and CCL21 that bind to CXCR4 and CCR7 expressed by tumor cells.
“LECs accomplish this by producing chemoattractants, including SDF-1 and CCL21, that bind to cognate receptors CXCR4 and CCR7, respectively, which are expressed by tumor cells (99).”
From Hypoxic control of metastasis (2016) · cites this paper as [99]
Lymphatic endothelial cells line lymphatic vessels and promote lymph metastases by actively recruiting tumor cells to the lymphatic vessels.
“Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are a specialized endothelium that line lymphatic vessels and promote lymph metastases by actively recruiting tumor cells to the lymphatic vessels.”
From Hypoxic control of metastasis (2016) · cites this paper as [99]
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- Authors
- Albrecht, I., & Christofori, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Basel (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Christofori, Gerhard
- ORCID
- Christofori, Gerhard
- Venue
- The International Journal of Developmental Biology
- Publisher
- EHU Press
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 4-5
- Pages
- 483-494
- ISSN
- 0214-6282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2130247045
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 146
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 0.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The International Journal of Developmental Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Lymphatic System and Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lymphatic Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Vascular Malformations and Hemangiomas
- Keywords
- lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic development, lymphatic vessels, metastasis, lymph node targeting, organ transplant rejection, edema, lymphatic endothelial cells, molecular mechanisms
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Movement, Humans, Lymphatic Metastasis, Lymphatic System, Models, Biological, Signal Transduction, Lymphangiogenesis, Endothelial Cells, Cell Proliferation
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