The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
ACG Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Open accessAbstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) continues to be among the most common diseases seen by gastroenterologists, surgeons, and primary care physicians. Our understanding of the varied presentations of GERD, enhancements in diagnostic testing, and approach to patient management have evolved. During this time, scrutiny of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has increased considerably. Although PPIs remain the medical treatment of choice for GERD, multiple publications have raised questions about adverse events, raising doubts about the safety of long-term use and increasing concern about overprescribing of PPIs. New data regarding the potential for surgical and endoscopic interventions have emerged. In this new document, we provide updated, evidence-based recommendations and practical guidance for the evaluation and management of GERD, including pharmacologic, lifestyle, surgical, and endoscopic management. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to evaluate the evidence and the strength of recommendations. Key concepts and suggestions that as of this writing do not have sufficient evidence to grade are also provided.
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Citations
Cites
GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction—GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables
Guyatt, G., Oxman, A. D., Akl, E. A., Kunz, R., Vist, G., Brozek, J., Norris, S., Falck-Ytter, Y., Glasziou, P., & deBeer, H. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026 · Cited by 10,681 · cited 1×
“The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation process was used to assess the quality of evidence for each statement (3).”
GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence
Balshem, H., Helfand, M., Schünemann, H. J., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Vist, G. E., Falck-Ytter, Y., Meerpohl, J., & Norris, S. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015 · Cited by 8,285
The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?
Hill, A. B. (1965) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/003591576505800503 · Cited by 6,974
Bavishi, C., & DuPont, H. L. (2011) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04874.x · Cited by 480
Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and the Risk of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: A Meta-analysis
Lo, W., & Chan, W. W. (2013) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2012.12.011 · Cited by 353
Review article: metoclopramide and tardive dyskinesia
RAO, A. S., & CAMILLERI, M. (2010) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04189.x · Cited by 316 · cited 1×
“However, data on its efficacy in GERD are scant, and significant adverse events have been reported with long-term and high-dosemetoclopramide use, including central nervous system side effects such as drowsiness, agitation, irritability, depression, dystonic reactions, and tardive dyskinesia (72,73).”
Lundell, L., Vieth, M., Gibson, F., Nagy, P., & Kahrilas, P. J. (2015) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.13324 · Cited by 258
False Alarms and Pseudo-Epidemics: The Limitations of Observational Epidemiology
Grimes, D. A., & Schulz, K. F. (2012) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e31826af61a · Cited by 254
Acid suppressive drugs and gastric cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies
Ahn, J. S. (2013) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i16.2560 · Cited by 109
Niu, Q., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, P., Wang, C., Yin, X., & Hou, Y. (2017) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/1074248416663647 · Cited by 48
Cited by
Gilbert, O., Gulati, M., Gluckman, T. J., Kittleson, M. M., Rikhi, R., Saseen, J. J., & Tchang, B. G. (2025) · JACC · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.05.024 · Cited by 65
Metadata
- Authors
- Katz, P. O., Dunbar, K. B., Schnoll-Sussman, F. H., Greer, K. B., Yadlapati, R., & Spechler, S. J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Gastroenterology
- Published
- 2021-11-22
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-56
- ISSN
- 0002-9270 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-0241
- OpenAlex
- W3216394740
- Cited by
- 1,038
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 100.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
