CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 0Cryptographic Implementations and SecurityChaos-based Image/Signal EncryptionCoding theory and cryptography

Influenced Encryption Key for AES based MF-TDMA in Mobile Communication

Open access
Ho Jeong, Won, Ju, Sang-Lim, Cho, Ju-Phil, Kim, Kyung-Seok·2026·International Journal of Engineering and Technology
DOI 10.14419/ijet.v7i3.33.21185
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

In recent years, network security has become an important issue. Cryptography has been used for secure data and control access. In this paper, we analyze the effect of the key error according to plaintext size in the encrypted mobile communication. We have applied the Multi-Frequency Time-Division Multiple Access (MF-TDMA) based mobile communication environment and used the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. Simulator configured with the Convolutional Turbo Code (CTC) channel coder and Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (OQPSK) modulation scheme and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) mobile channel. Depending on the length of the plaintext, we confirmed through the correlation of the bit error rate (BER) and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). In addition, we analyze the correlation according to SNR in AES Counter (CTR) and Cipher-Block Chaining (CBC) mode and analyze the effect of encryption algorithm on communication. Finally, this study is used as data to analyze the performance of application of cryptographic service and various communication environments in the environment of MF-TDMA based mobile communication, and it is expected that it will be useful for performance analysis of image data restoration.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This paper simulates AES-CTR and AES-CBC encryption over an MF-TDMA mobile link with CTC/OQPSK/AWGN to analyze how plaintext size and key errors affect BER and PSNR. It reports that increasing plaintext size reduces key-error effects, with CTR mode showing greater key-error effect but better image reconstruction than CBC.

Key findings

  • Normal unencrypted data performed best; AES-CTR performance was lower than normal from -4 dB to 1 dB because key values were damaged, but at 2 dB the keys were restored and performance was similar to normal.
  • AES-CBC errors in the preceding stage influenced the next stage, parallel processing was impossible while decoding, and performance was severely reduced.
  • Increasing plaintext size reduced the effect of key errors; when plaintext size was small, the key-error result was opposite. The tested plaintext sizes were 1,500 bytes and 11,927 bytes.
  • The paper states that in CBC mode the effect of two key errors is smaller than in CTR mode, while the conclusion says CTR mode has greater key-error effect and a desirable reconstruction ratio with no subsequent error propagation.

Methods

  • Simulation of an MF-TDMA mobile channel using AES-CTR and AES-CBC, CTC channel coding, OQPSK modulation, and an AWGN channel; parameters included 8 GHz frequency, 48 MHz bandwidth, 4 frequency slots, 400 ms superframe, 63 time slots, and a 73-byte encryption key.
  • Input data were H.264 video: about 2 seconds, 44,082 bytes, 320 x 240 pixels, with 12 Mbps input data across four channels; AES-128 with 10 rounds was used, and plaintext sizes were varied to 1,500 bytes and 11,927 bytes.
  • Analysis used BER, PSNR, RMSE, NPCR, and the cross-correlation coefficient between BER and PSNR.

Limitations

  • Stated limitations: Not stated in the paper.
  • Evident: the simulation used only an AWGN reference channel, with no fading or interference modeled, and relied on a single H.264 image and fixed system parameters.
  • Evident: the paper contains inconsistent statements about CTR versus CBC key-error effects between Section 4.2 and the Conclusion.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.14419/ijet.v7i3.33.21185

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

  • Findingown data

    In CBC mode, the effect of two key errors is smaller than in CTR mode.

    “In CBC mode, the effect of two key errors is smaller than CTR mode.”
    • Also stated in: § 5. Conclusion · boosted
      “The results confirmed that CTR mode of key error analysis has greater effect.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In CTR mode, an error in the plaintext data does not affect subsequent errors.

    “Based on image decoding, it was confirmed that CTR mode has desirable reconstruction ratio and that an error in the plain-text data does not affect subsequent errors.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    In AES-CBC encryption, errors in the preceding stage influence the next stage.

    “In the AES-CBC encryption case, errors in the preceding stage influence the next stage.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingreasoning

    When plaintext size is increased, the effect of key errors on mobile communication is reduced.

    “Thus, when plain size is increased, the effect of key errors on mobile communication is reduced.”
    • Also stated in: § 4.2. Impact analysis of key error · plain
      “Increasing size of the plain-text when it is passed through mobile communication is helpful in reducing the effect of key errors.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingreasoning

    When plaintext size is small, the key error suggests a result opposite to the simulation results.

    “If plain size is small, the key error suggests a result opposite to the simulation results.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 1

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The severe reduction in AES-CBC performance is because parallel processing is impossible while decoding and a shear password block is used.

    “Because parallel processing is impossible while decoding, a shear password block is used and performance is severely reduced.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
1 of 1

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The AWGN channel is an adequate reference model for the mobile communication channel.

    “An AWGN channel was used as a reference channel by the mobile”

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    The AES algorithm itself is error-free.

    “if there is no error in the AES algorithm itself”
2 of 2

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

4 of the 10 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Tonde AR, Dhande AP, "Implementation of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Algorithm Based on FPGA", International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol.4, No.2, (2014), pp.1048-1050.
  2. Sumitra, "Comparative Analysis of AES and DES security Algo- rithms", International Journal of Scientific and Research Publica- tions, Vol.3, No.1, (2013), pp.1-5.
  3. Bhalerao PV, Ghongade RD, Langote VB, "Hardware Implementa- tion of Cryptosystem by AES Algorithm Using FPGA", Interna- tional Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.6, No.5, (2017), pp.84-89.
  4. Shekhar S, Singh P, Jaiswal M, "An Enhanced AES Algorithm Based on Variable Sbox And 200 Bit Data Block", International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol.4, No.4, (2016), pp.6470-6477.

Authors
Ho Jeong, W., Ju, S.-L., Cho, J.-P., & Kim, K.-S.
Affiliations
  • Chungbuk National University (KR)
  • Kunsan National University (KR)
ORCID
Ju, Sang-Lim
Venue
International Journal of Engineering and Technology
Publisher
Science Publishing Corporation
Published
2026-04-19
Volume
7
Issue
3.33
Pages
285-289
ISSN
2227-524X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.14419/ijet.v7i3.33.21185
OpenAlex
W7154953104
Semantic Scholar
fecff14d0d8467db5488bab75864ffbd1b540429
Cited by
0
References
10
FWCI
0.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • International Journal of Engineering & Technology (publishedVersion)
  • Science Publishing Corporation Inc. - International Journal of Engineering & Technology (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
National Research Foundation of Korea
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Cryptographic Implementations and Security
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Coding theory and cryptography
Keywords
AES, MF-TDMA, mobile communication security, convolutional turbo codes, AWGN channel, bit error rate, PSNR, network security

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-23.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-23.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review