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Cited by 11Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosisTuberculosis Research and EpidemiologyInfectious Diseases and Tuberculosis

Clinical study of extrapulmonary head and neck tuberculosis in an urban setting

Open access
Monga, S., Malik, J.N., Jan, S., Bahadur, S., Jetley, S., Kaur, H.·2017·Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica
DOI 10.14639/0392-100x-1252PMC PMC5782427
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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) of the head and neck region is quite common in endemic countries, but is still misdiagnosed due to its varied presentation and different sites of involvement. The aims of the present study were to present the diversities of presentation of head and neck tuberculosis with the diagnostic predicaments faced during evaluation and to assess treatment response to anti-tubercular treatment (ATT). We analysed 48 patients with head and neck tuberculosis who presented to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology in our tertiary care urban hospital over a period of two years from 2013 to 2015 and recorded their data, which included presenting complaints, local and systemic examination findings, investigation results and treatment outcomes. The results showed that majority (64.5%) of cases were female and none of the patients were HIV positive. The most common manifestation was cervical lymphadenopathy (81.25%) with level II being the most commonly affected (31.3%). Three of the 48 patients had coexisting pulmonary TB. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), histopathological diagnosis and acid fast bacilli (AFB) staining were used to confirm diagnosis. All patients were treated with Category I ATT, which achieved cure in 96.8% of cases. Though cervical lymphadenitis is the most common presentation of head and neck TB, isolated involvement of the sinonasal region, larynx, oral cavity and other sub-sites are not solely unknown entities. It is, therefore, important for clinicians to be aware of atypical and misleading presentations and consider TB as a major differential diagnosis in the head and neck region, even in non-immunocompromised individuals.

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  • FNAC and histopathological exam are commonly used, if not gold standard, diagnostic tools.

    “FNAC and the histopathological exam are commonly used, if not gold standard, diagnostic tools [29,31].”

    From Head and Neck Tuberculosis: A Rare Diagnosis and the Role of Surgical Biopsy and Histopathological Evaluation in Extrapulmonary Disease (2025) · cites this paper as [29]

    The Materials and methods section says the study used FNAC and/or histopathological examination, and the Discussion reports that FNAC established the diagnosis in most cervical lymphadenopathy cases. The Discussion explicitly identifies mycobacterial culture—not FNAC or histopathology—as the gold standard for tuberculosis diagnosis. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • For cervical lymph nodes, clinical insights often point to neck swelling, and frequently, the diagnosis can be made using fine needle aspiration and cytology exams.

    “For the most common site for TB in the head and neck region, the cervical lymph nodes, clinical insights often point to neck swelling, and frequently, the diagnosis can be made using fine needle aspiration and cytology exams [29,30].”

    From Head and Neck Tuberculosis: A Rare Diagnosis and the Role of Surgical Biopsy and Histopathological Evaluation in Extrapulmonary Disease (2025) · cites this paper as [29]

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [4]Treatment of Tuberculosis: Guidelines 2010 4th edition Geneva World Health Organization 3, Standard treatment regimens 23741786

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Authors
Monga, S., Malik, J. N., Jan, S., Bahadur, S., Jetley, S., & Kaur, H.
Affiliations
Jamia Hamdard (IN)
Corresponding author
Malik, J.N.
ORCID
Venue
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica
Publisher
Pacini Editore
Published
2017-12
Volume
37
Issue
6
Pages
493-499
ISSN
  • 0392-100X (ISSN-L)
  • 1827-675X
DOI
10.14639/0392-100x-1252
PMC
PMC5782427
OpenAlex
W2775309868
Cited by
11
References
12
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1
FWCI
0.56
Type
journal article
Language
it
Open access
Locations
  • Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
Keywords
extrapulmonary tuberculosis, head and neck tuberculosis, cervical lymphadenopathy, atypical presentation, laryngeal tuberculosis, differential diagnosis, urban population
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antitubercular Agents, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Head, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Neck, Prospective Studies, Tuberculosis, Urban Health, Young Adult

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