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MASTERKEY: Automated Jailbreaking of Large Language Model Chatbots
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“Existing jailbreaking techniques can be broadly categorized into token-level [20], [54] and prompt-level [21], [22], [55] approaches, but both face significant limitations when directly applied to EDEAs:”
From External Data Extraction Attacks Against Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (2026) · cites this paper as [55]
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ChatGPT for Good? On Opportunities and Challenges of Large Language Models for Education
Kasneci, E., Seßler, K., Küchemann, S., Bannert, M., Dementieva, D., Fischer, F., Gasser, U., Groh, G., Günnemann, S., Hüllermeier, E., et al. (2023) · doi:10.35542/osf.io/5er8f · Cited by 7,552
ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education
Kasneci, E., Sessler, K., Küchemann, S., Bannert, M., Dementieva, D., Fischer, F., Gasser, U., Groh, G., Günnemann, S., Hüllermeier, E., et al. (2023) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274 · Cited by 7,326 · cited 1×
“These chatbots can generate human-like text that is unparalleled in its sophistication, ushering in novel applications across a multitude of sectors [23], [7], [48], [55].”
BackgroundLLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models
Touvron, H., Lavril, T., Izacard, G., Martinet, X., Lachaux, M.-A., Lacroix, T., Rozière, B., Goyal, N., Hambro, E., Azhar, F., et al. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2302.13971 · Cited by 4,602
SciBERT: A Pretrained Language Model for Scientific Text
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Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena
Zheng, L., Chiang, W.-L., Sheng, Y., Zhuang, S., Wu, Z., Zhuang, Y., Lin, Z., Li, Z., Li, D., Xing, E. P., et al. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2306.05685 · Cited by 1,888
Self-citationWhy Johnny Can’t Prompt: How Non-AI Experts Try (and Fail) to Design LLM Prompts
Zamfirescu-Pereira, J. D., Wong, R. Y., Hartmann, B., & Yang, Q. (2023) · Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3581388 · Cited by 1,274 · cited 1×
“Prompt engineering [56], [58], [39] plays an instrumental role in the development of language models, providing a means to significantly augment a model’s ability to undertake tasks it has not been directly trained for.”
BackgroundPrompt Programming for Large Language Models: Beyond the Few-Shot Paradigm
Reynolds, L., & McDonell, K. (2021) · Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411763.3451760 · Cited by 952 · cited 1×
“As underscored by recent studies [37], [52], [42], well-devised prompts can effectively optimize the performance of language models.”
BackgroundGreshake, K., Abdelnabi, S., Mishra, S., Endres, C., Holz, T., & Fritz, M. (2023) · Proceedings of the 16th ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security · doi:10.1145/3605764.3623985 · Cited by 667 · cited 2×
“However, despite these precautionary steps, there remains a non-negligible risk from targeted attacks where such unde-sireable output are elicited, such as jailbreaks [27], [25] and prompt injections [21], [38].”
BackgroundSelfCheckGPT: Zero-Resource Black-Box Hallucination Detection for Generative Large Language Models
Manakul, P., Liusie, A., & Gales, M. (2023) · Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.557 · Cited by 557
Role play with large language models
Shanahan, M., McDonell, K., & Reynolds, L. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06647-8 · Cited by 491 · cited 2×
“Recent studies [27], [25], [53], [44], [41], [45] have drawn attention to the rise of ”jailbreak prompts,” ingeniously crafted to circumvent the restrictions placed on language models and coax them into performing tasks beyond their intended scope.”
Background
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A survey on large language model (LLM) security and privacy: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly
Yao, Y., Duan, J., Xu, K., Cai, Y., Sun, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · High-Confidence Computing · doi:10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100211 · Cited by 1,083
Self-citationLarge Language Models for Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review
Hou, X., Zhao, Y., Liu, Y., Yang, Z., Wang, K., Li, L., Luo, X., Lo, D., Grundy, J., & Wang, H. (2024) · ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology · doi:10.1145/3695988 · Cited by 1,029
Self-citationWhen LLMs meet cybersecurity: a systematic literature review
Zhang, J., Bu, H., Wen, H., Liu, Y., Fei, H., Xi, R., Li, L., Yang, Y., Zhu, H., & Meng, D. (2025) · Cybersecurity · doi:10.1186/s42400-025-00361-w · Cited by 383
Self-citationAI agents under threat: A survey of key security challenges and future pathways
Deng, Z., Guo, Y., Han, C., Ma, W., Xiong, J., Wen, S., & Xiang, Y. (2025) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3716628 · Cited by 210
Zeng, Y., Lin, H., Zhang, J., Yang, D., Jia, R., & Shi, W. (2024) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2401.06373 · Cited by 174
Metadata
- Authors
- Deng, G., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Wang, K., Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Wang, H., Zhang, T., & Liu, Y.
- Venue
- Proceedings 2024 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium
- Publisher
- Internet Society
- Published
- 2024
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 17
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: MASTERKEY: Automated Jailbreaking of Large Language Model Chatbots. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.14722/ndss.2024.24188
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- Deng, G., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Wang, K., Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Wang, H., Zhang, T., & Liu, Y. (2024). MASTERKEY: Automated Jailbreaking of Large Language Model Chatbots. Proceedings 2024 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. https://doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2024.24188
