Cited by 206Anesthesia and Pain ManagementCardiac and Coronary Surgery TechniquesPediatric Pain Management Techniques

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Prevalence of and risk factors for persistent postoperative nonanginal pain after cardiac surgery: a 2-year prospective multicentre study

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Choinière, Manon, Watt-Watson, Judy, Victor, J. Charles, Baskett, Roger J.F., Bussières, Jean S., Carrier, Michel, Cogan, Jennifer, Costello, Judy, Feindel, Christopher, Guertin, Marie-Claude, Racine, Mélanie, Taillefer, Marie-Christine·2014·Canadian Medical Association Journal

DOI 10.1503/cmaj.131012PMC PMC3986330

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Persistent postoperative pain continues to be an underrecognized complication. We examined the prevalence of and risk factors for this type of pain after cardiac surgery. METHODS: We enrolled patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting or valve replacement, or both, from Feb. 8, 2005, to Sept. 1, 2009. Validated measures were used to assess (a) preoperative anxiety and depression, tendency to catastrophize in the face of pain, health-related quality of life and presence of persistent pain; (b) pain intensity and interference in the first postoperative week; and (c) presence and intensity of persistent postoperative pain at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. The primary outcome was the presence of persistent postoperative pain during 24 months of follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 1247 patients completed the preoperative assessment. Follow-up retention rates at 3 and 24 months were 84% and 78%, respectively. The prevalence of persistent postoperative pain decreased significantly over time, from 40.1% at 3 months to 22.1% at 6 months, 16.5% at 12 months and 9.5% at 24 months; the pain was rated as moderate to severe in 3.6% at 24 months. Acute postoperative pain predicted both the presence and severity of persistent postoperative pain. The more intense the pain during the first week after surgery and the more it interfered with functioning, the more likely the patients were to report persistent postoperative pain. Pre-existing persistent pain and increased preoperative anxiety also predicted the presence of persistent postoperative pain. INTERPRETATION: Persistent postoperative pain of nonanginal origin after cardiac surgery affected a substantial proportion of the study population. Future research is needed to determine whether interventions to modify certain risk factors, such as preoperative anxiety and the severity of pain before and immediately after surgery, may help to minimize or prevent persistent postoperative pain.

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Authors: Choinière, M., Watt-Watson, J., Victor, J. C., Baskett, R. J. F., Bussières, J. S., Carrier, M., Cogan, J., Costello, J., Feindel, C., Guertin, M.-C., Racine, M., & Taillefer, M.-C.
Affiliations: Dalhousie University (CA)
ORCID: Choinière, Manon
Victor, J. Charles
Bussières, Jean S.
Costello, Judy
Feindel, Christopher
Guertin, Marie-Claude
Racine, Mélanie
Venue: Canadian Medical Association Journal
Publisher: CMA Joule Inc.
Published: 2014-02-24
Volume: 186
Issue: 7
Pages: E213-E223
ISSN: 0820-3946 (ISSN-L)
1488-2329
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.131012
PMC: PMC3986330
OpenAlex: W2104465167
Semantic Scholar: 448591f3aab35bc040bc84f243defd9fb4d12855
Cited by: 206
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 12
FWCI: 19.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Locations: Canadian Medical Association Journal (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (69065_1)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Pain Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cardiac and Coronary Surgery Techniques
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
Keywords: chronic postoperative pain, cardiac surgery complications, coronary artery bypass grafting, heart valve replacement, risk factors, preoperative anxiety, preoperative depression, pain catastrophizing, health-related quality of life, acute postoperative pain, prevalence
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Coronary Artery Bypass, Canada, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Postoperative Pain, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Prevalence, Risk Assessment, Young Adult

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Prevalence of and risk factors for persistent postoperative nonanginal pain after cardiac surgery: a 2-year prospective multicentre study

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