Understanding heterogeneity to inform the public health response to COVID-19 in Canada
Open accessAbstract
KEY POINTS Canada’s early response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) largely comprised universal strategies of confinement alongside efforts to isolate people infected with or exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to increase testing. Underscoring early
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Equitable vaccination coverage requires higher levels of coverage among those most at risk at the intersection of SARS-CoV-2 exposures, severity, and onward transmission.
“Equitable vaccination coverage requires higher levels of coverage among those most at risk at the intersection of SARS-CoV-2 exposures, severity, and onward transmission(44-48).”
From Social inequalities in COVID-19 death by area-level income in 11.2 million people in Ontario, Canada: patterns over time and the mediating role of vaccination. (2026) · cites this paper as [47]
The paper’s discussion of risk-tailored interventions (section C, page not specified) supports prioritizing populations at intersecting risks of infection, spread and severe disease. It does not say that equitable vaccination requires higher coverage in those populations; it discusses potential vaccines as not yet widely delivered. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Collaborative, T. O., Williamson, E., Walker, A. J., Bhaskaran, K., Bacon, S., Bates, C., Morton, C. E., Curtis, H. J., Mehrkar, A., Evans, D., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.05.06.20092999 · Cited by 6,674 · see citing works
Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY
Williamson, E. J., Walker, A. J., Bhaskaran, K., Bacon, S., Bates, C., Morton, C. E., Curtis, H. J., Mehrkar, A., Evans, D., Inglesby, P., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 · Cited by 6,674 · see citing works
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Model-informed COVID-19 vaccine prioritization strategies by age and serostatus
Bubar, K. M., Reinholt, K., Kissler, S. M., Lipsitch, M., Cobey, S., Grad, Y. H., & Larremore, D. B. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abe6959 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Blair, A., Pan, S. Y., Subedi, R., Yang, F.-J., Aitken, N., & Steensma, C. (2022) · Canada Communicable Disease Report · doi:10.14745/ccdr.v48i01a05 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Wang, L., Swayze, S., Bodner, K., Calzavara, A., Harrigan, S. P., Siddiqi, A., Baral, S. D., Austin, P. C., Smylie, J., Koh, M., et al. (2026) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwaf051 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Mishra, S., Kwong, J. C., Chan, A. K., & Baral, S. D.
- Affiliations
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Venue
- Canadian Medical Association Journal
- Publisher
- CMA Impact Inc.
- Published
- 2020-06-03
- Volume
- 192
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- E684-E685
- ISSN
- 0820-3946 (ISSN-L)
- 1488-2329
- PMC
- PMC7828854
- OpenAlex
- W3031533743
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 1.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Canadian Medical Association Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › COVID-19 Prevention and Impact
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, public health response, heterogeneity, lockdown, COVID-19 testing, Canada
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Canada, Ill-Housed Persons, Humans, Human Rights, Models, Theoretical, Pneumonia, Viral, Public Health Administration, Social Class, Coronavirus Infections, Genetic Heterogeneity, Healthcare Disparities, Pandemics
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