The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Influence of Individualism, Collectivism, and Locus of Control on Environmental Beliefs and Behavior
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of value orientations measured at the individual level (individualism, collectivism, and locus of control) and of economic status on environmental beliefs and behavior. Structural equation modeling reveals that the preferred model is one in which the value orientations and economic status influence beliefs about recycling, which in turn influence recycling behavior, but the influence of the value orientations and economic status differs as a function of the type of environmental belief. Individualism and economic status are related to beliefs about the inconvenience of recycling; collectivism and locus of control are related to beliefs about the importance of recycling. Moreover, specific beliefs about the importance of recycling have both a direct influence on recycling behavior and an effect that is mediated by beliefs about the inconvenience of recycling. The authors present the implications of the study for public policy and marketing communication efforts.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411 · Cited by 41,941
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Rotter, J. B. (1966) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0092976 · Cited by 21,937
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1998) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.3.4.424 · Cited by 12,298
Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach
Steiger, J. H. (1990) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr2502_4 · Cited by 7,408
The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts.
Triandis, H. C. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.3.506 · Cited by 5,019
Analysis and Synthesis of Research on Responsible Environmental Behavior: A Meta-Analysis
Hines, J. M., Hungerford, H. R., & Tomera, A. N. (1987) · The Journal of Environmental Education · doi:10.1080/00958964.1987.9943482 · Cited by 3,390
Persuasion and Culture: Advertising Appeals in Individualistic and Collectivistic Societies
Han, S.-P., & Shavitt, S. (1994) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1006/jesp.1994.1016 · Cited by 736 · cited 1×
“For example, the persuasiveness of advertising appeals has been shown to vary across cultures; appeals that stress individualistic benefits are more persuasive in individualistic cultures than collectivistic cultures (United States versus Korea), and appeals that stress group (family) benefits are more persuasive in c…”
Background
Cited by
Taras, V., Kirkman, B. L., & Steel, P. (2010) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018938 · Cited by 1,160
How materialism affects environmental beliefs, concern, and environmentally responsible behavior
Kilbourne, W., & Pickett, G. (2008) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.09.016 · Cited by 835
Impact of culture, behavior and gender on green purchase intention
Sreen, N., Purbey, S., & Sadarangani, P. (2018) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.12.002 · Cited by 741
A re-examination of socially responsible consumption and its measurement
Webb, D. J., Mohr, L. A., & Harris, K. E. (2008) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.05.007 · Cited by 601
Kim, Y. J., Njite, D., & Hancer, M. (2013) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.04.004 · Cited by 372
Metadata
- Authors
- McCarty, J. A., & Shrum, L. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Public Policy & Marketing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2001-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 93-104
- ISSN
- 0743-9156 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-7207
- OpenAlex
- W1972006359
- Cited by
- 626
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 11.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Influence of Individualism, Collectivism, and Locus of Control on Environmental Beliefs and Behavior. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1509/jppm.20.1.93.17291
- The paper
- McCarty, J. A., & Shrum, L. J. (2001). The Influence of Individualism, Collectivism, and Locus of Control on Environmental Beliefs and Behavior. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1509/jppm.20.1.93.17291
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.