The DOI matches its Crossref record.
On Bullshit
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In this respect, their outputs may be characterised as”
From Authenticity and Authorship Beyond the Algorithm: Action, Institution, and Epistemic Responsibility under Generative AI (2026) · cites this paper as Frankfurt, 2005
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,002
Vice and inadequacy: Spinoza's naturalism and the mental life of generative artificial intelligence
Bodde, E. R., & Burnside, A. (2025) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-025-02500-w · Cited by 1
Historical foundations of categorical pedagogy in vocational education
Hugo, W. (2025) · Journal of Vocational Education and Training · doi:10.1080/13636820.2025.2591384 · Cited by 1
Between rhetoric and practice of localisation in aid and development: poetic interventions
Mkandawire, M., Makina, L., Noske-Turner, J., & Magalasi, M. (2025) · Development in Practice · doi:10.1080/09614524.2025.2573977 · Cited by 1
Subordinative obscurantism and epistemic manipulation
Winokur, B. (2026) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-026-05462-8 · Cited by 1
ChatGPT is not bullshit, nor is it not not bullshit
Fitts, J. J. (2026) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-026-09903-3 · Cited by 1
The delusional dilemma: AI, the clean interface, and the politics of refusal
Lindblom, S. (2026) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-026-01178-0 · Cited by 1
Zöllner, O. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-24562-7_7 · Cited by 1
Riess, J. G. (2024) · Comptes Rendus Chimie · doi:10.5802/crchim.288 · Cited by 1
What Argumentative Bullshit Tells us about Argumentative Vices and Virtues
Gascón, J. Á. (2024) · Topoi · doi:10.1007/s11245-024-10114-y · Cited by 1
KI: Die Innovation, die gar keine ist?
Geuter, J. (2024) · PROKLA Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft · doi:10.32387/prokla.v54i217.2165 · Cited by 1
Harger, E. (2025) · Public Library Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01616846.2025.2464520 · Cited by 1
Sénac, C. (2024) · Communiquer Revue de communication sociale et publique · doi:10.4000/13lfb · Cited by 1
Wee, A. K. J., Lin, M., Jenkins, M. A., & Lee, S. E. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-5837-5.ch004 · Cited by 2
Bodde, E. R. (2025) · Philosophy & Public Affairs · doi:10.1111/papa.70001 · Cited by 1
Generative Artificial Intelligence in Business Planning and Financial Budgeting
Schlegel, D., & Fink, R. (2025) · Informatik aktuell · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-48215-2_6 · Cited by 1
The Ethical Concerns with Political Marketing Tactics
Lilleker, D. G. (2025) · Palgrave studies in political marketing and management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88314-9_9 · Cited by 1
The deep illusion: a critical analysis of DeepSeek and the limits of large language models
Polozov, A. (2025) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-025-00806-5 · Cited by 1
Empty Universities: The Dystopian Future of Education by AI
Sparrow, R., & Flenady, G. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-7185-4_6 · Cited by 1
Duoxin, X. U. (2025) · International Relations and Diplomacy · doi:10.17265/2328-2134/2025.04.005 · Cited by 1
Populist Bullshit: A Normative Theory of Populist Communication
Marciel, R. (2025) · Res Publica · doi:10.1007/s11158-025-09744-9 · Cited by 1
Aspernäs, J., Nilsson, A., & Erlandsson, A. (2025) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.251064 · Cited by 1
Through the Magic Lens: Management, Language, and AI
Tienari, J., & Khoreva, V. (2025) · Discourses on Culture · doi:10.2478/doc-2025-0013 · Cited by 1
Howard, N. R., & Laskowski, N. G. (2026) · Political Philosophy · doi:10.16995/pp.24835 · Cited by 1
A Theory of Manipulative Speech
D’Ambrosio, J. (2025) · The Monist · doi:10.1093/monist/onaf031 · Cited by 1
Lepoutre, M. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780198916017.001.0001 · Cited by 1
Pseudoscience and the Claim of Practical Utility: The Case of Thomas Erikson's Surrounded by Idiots
Luoma, K., & Hirvonen, I. (2026) · Theoria · doi:10.1111/theo.70076 · Cited by 1
A Multi-national Analysis of the Relationship Between Assimilation and Bullshit
Croucher, S. M., Condon, S. M., Separa, L. A. C., Zabrodskaja, A., Ding, G. G., & Green, M. D. (2026) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510974.2026.2647803 · Cited by 1
Social and Applied Hinge Epistemology
Coliva, A. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780197834022.001.0001 · Cited by 1
Financialising leisure: Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), collectables and commodification without limit
Hutchins, B., & Fordyce, R. (2026) · Leisure Studies · doi:10.1080/02614367.2026.2677136 · Cited by 1
More problems of large language models in comparison with human knowledge
Collins, H. M., Thorne, S., Newbury, P., & Evans, R. (2026) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-026-03021-w · Cited by 1
Inaccuracies, omissions, and bullshit: 2024 U.S. elections through the eyes of ChatGPT
Jang, H., McGregor, S. C., & Neill, L. (2026) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2026.2685121 · Cited by 1
AI literacy won’t save us: a reply to Bannister (2025)
Hampson, T., & Soete, A. D. (2026) · Higher Education Research & Development · doi:10.1080/07294360.2026.2689359 · Cited by 1
Bramora, P. J., & Pilis, W. (2026) · Medicine Health Care and Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s11019-026-10395-7 · Cited by 1
Engel, P. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-05146-8_9 · Cited by 1
Christensen, R. H., Master, S. R., Lo, Y. M. D., Baird, G. S., Wilding, P. M., & Jones, P. M. (2016) · The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1373/jalm.2016.021709 · Cited by 1
Watts, R. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-53599-3_8 · Cited by 1
The Scattergun and the Owl: Brian Simpson on Herbert Hart
Mullender, R. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence · doi:10.1017/s0841820900006160 · Cited by 1
Analyzing the Wrongfulness of Lying: A Defence of Pluralism
Falbo, A. (2017) · Dialogue · doi:10.1017/s0012217317000579 · Cited by 1
The Importance of Foundational Insights for Enterprises
Hoogervorst, J. A. P. (2017) · The enterprise engineering series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72107-1_1 · Cited by 1
Jungmann, S. M., & Witthöft, M. (2020) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000507767 · Cited by 1
Schonsheck, J. (2020) · AMINTAPHIL · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-43424-3_16 · Cited by 1
Bullshit in a network structure: the two-sided influence of self-generated signals
Tuchner, T., & Gilboa-Freedman, G. (2020) · Social Network Analysis and Mining · doi:10.1007/s13278-020-00678-z · Cited by 1
Catcher in the lie: resisting bovine ordure in social epistemology
Hardy, N. (2021) · Journal of Critical Realism · doi:10.1080/14767430.2021.1885895 · Cited by 1
Adler, E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009058193.010 · Cited by 1
Antonsen, P. F. (2017) · Analysis · doi:10.1093/analys/anx145 · Cited by 1
Sakama, C. (2013) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38812-5_16 · Cited by 1
Rethinking International Social Work
Mohan, B. (2011) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230117655_11 · Cited by 1
Lee, M. S. (2021) · American Literary History · doi:10.1093/alh/ajab094 · Cited by 1
Post-Truth Politics as a Threat to Democracy
Sabastine, K. M. (2022) · Advances in media, entertainment and the arts (AMEA) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-4107-7.ch012 · Cited by 1
Goss, B. M. (2023) · Journalism Practice · doi:10.1080/17512786.2023.2202194 · Cited by 1
A Catalogue of Shame: The British Psychological Society as a Dysfunctional Organisation
Marks, D. F. (2023) · Journal of Educational & Psychological Research · doi:10.33140/jepr.05.01.01 · Cited by 1
Farley, R. M. (2023) · Erkenntnis · doi:10.1007/s10670-023-00705-3 · Cited by 1
Gesture, a New Tool for a Different Vision of Synthetic Reasoning
Maddalena, G. (2023) · Lecture notes in morphogenesis · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29111-1_7 · Cited by 1
Disfluency attenuates the reception of pseudoprofound and postmodernist bullshit
Tracy, R. E., Porot, N., Mandelbaum, E., & Young, S. G. (2023) · Thinking & Reasoning · doi:10.1080/13546783.2023.2284406 · Cited by 1
Science, Society, and Self: An Undergraduate Course for Imparting Social Context to STEM
Aldredge, M., Lee, S.-H., & Klein, J. (2022) · The journal of college science teaching · doi:10.1080/0047231x.2022.12315645 · Cited by 1
Uçel, E. B. (2023) · Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.16953/deusosbil.1353171 · Cited by 1
A pragmatic model of hypocrisy
Sorlin, S., & Virtanen, T. (2024) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.343.02sor · Cited by 1
Tastings at Tea Time: The Princeton Wine Group
Malkiel, B. G. (2024) · Journal of Wine Economics · doi:10.1017/jwe.2024.5 · Cited by 1
Kusik, P. (2024) · International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique · doi:10.1007/s11196-024-10146-y · Cited by 1
Contemporary journalism: Profession or a “bullshit job”
Popović, H., & Hromadžić, H. (2024) · Sociologija · doi:10.2298/soc2402285p · Cited by 1
Bongers, W. (2024) · Bulletin of Hispanic Studies · doi:10.3828/bhs.2024.42 · Cited by 1
Internet Trolling: Social Exploration and the Epistemic Norms of Assertion
Munro, D. (2024) · Philosophers Imprint · doi:10.3998/phimp.5367 · Cited by 1
Do People Answer Honestly When Asked About a No Honest Behavior?
Chiesi, F., Marunic, G., Tagliaferro, C., Bruno, F., Saklofske, D. H., & Lau, C. (2024) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000856 · Cited by 1
Medya Tarafsızlığının Çağdaş Görünümü: Bilim ve Uzmanlığın Gerileyişi
SELİM, F. (2024) · Elektronik Cumhuriyet İletişim Dergisi · doi:10.54089/ecider.1557703 · Cited by 1
Why Large Language Models Appear to Be Intelligent and Creative: Because They Generate Bullsh*t!
Berry, D. M. (2025) · Computer · doi:10.1109/mc.2025.3547458 · Cited by 1
Can AI Really Transform Real-World Supply Chains Anytime Soon?
TAYUR, S. R. (2025) · Springer series in supply chain management · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07054-8_20 · Cited by 1
Anthropological Fieldwork in Afghanistan and Pakistan Compared
Марсден, М. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4267-3_11 · Cited by 1
Why mental metaphors do not help us understand chatbot mistakes
Pantsar, M., & Fabry, R. E. (2026) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-026-05551-8 · Cited by 2
Why Moral Education is Motivating by Nature
Bara, F. E., & Estrada, M. R. B. (2013) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6209-275-4_33 · Cited by 1
Turning Down a Chance An Argument from Simplicity
Bardone, E., & Magnani, L. (2012) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30114-8_2 · Cited by 1
Sankey's Personal Understanding
Mackenzie, J. (2009) · Educational Philosophy and Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1469-5812.2009.00558.x · Cited by 1
Human system interaction: Communication solutions for education & training
Jekielek, J. (2008) · Conference on Human System Interactions · doi:10.1109/hsi.2008.4581431 · Cited by 1
Ginsburgh, V. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40637-4_15 · Cited by 1
Raison d’être et mythes rationnels de la recherche en gestion
Boiral, O., & Saizarbitoria, I. H. (2016) · Revue internationale P M E Économie et gestion de la petite et moyenne entreprise · doi:10.7202/1036766ar · Cited by 1
Thinking About the Public University
Watts, R. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-53599-3_2 · Cited by 1
Hegel, Analytic Philosophy’s Pharmakon
Giladi, P. (2017) · The European Legacy · doi:10.1080/10848770.2016.1272768 · Cited by 1
58. Legal protection of animal intrinsic value – mere words?
Trøite, M. F., & Myskja, B. K. (2018) · Congress of the European Society for Agricultural and Food Ethics (EurSafe) · doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-869-8_58 · Cited by 1
Carnival in the global village: Re-imagining information infrastructures
Kavanagh, D., & Miscione, G. (2019) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972243.2019.1647321 · Cited by 1
Johnson and the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Galeotti, A. E. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108529242.006 · Cited by 1
Williams, Q. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108887410.020 · Cited by 2
Muslim Enemies, Rich Arab Friends
Boum, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108887410.021 · Cited by 1
Kowalski, C. J., Fessell, D. P., Mrdjenovich, A. J., & Redman, R. W. (2020) · Journal of Research in Philosophy and History · doi:10.22158/jrph.v3n2p117 · Cited by 1
Waters, L. (2021) · boundary 2 · doi:10.1215/01903659-8821510 · Cited by 1
How to (Blind)Spot the Truth: An Investigation on Actual Epistemic Value
Dantas, D. F. (2021) · Erkenntnis · doi:10.1007/s10670-021-00377-x · Cited by 1
Figuring Things Out, Morally Speaking
Zaibert, L. (2021) · Philosophy · doi:10.1017/s0031819121000127 · Cited by 1
Power in Communitarian Evolution
Guzzini, S. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009058193.003 · Cited by 1
Shedletsky, L. J., Bantz, D. F., Gabrielski, J. T., & Aboueissa, A. E.-M. (2021) · Advances in linguistics and communication studies · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7439-3.ch013 · Cited by 1
Vorsicht: mögliche „Fake News“ – ein technischer Ansatz zur frühen Erkennung
Pritzkau, A., & Schade, U. (2021) · Ars digitalis · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-32957-0_6 · Cited by 1
McGregor, W. B. (2020) · Handbook of pragmatics online/Handbook of pragmatics · doi:10.1075/hop.23.uni2 · Cited by 1
Roberts‐Miller, P. (2015) · Rhetoric Society Quarterly · doi:10.1080/02773945.2015.1088341 · Cited by 1
Konzepte des Lügens: Widersprüche und Vagheiten
Meibauer, J. (2022) · Contradiction studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-34804-5_2 · Cited by 1
Weeding the Management Garden: Hume’s Fork and Action Nominalism at Work
Spillane, R. (2022) · Handbooks in philosophy · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76606-1_3 · Cited by 1
Zoglauer, T. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-39942-9_1 · Cited by 1
Should we teach students how to bullshit?
McEachern, P. J., & McEachern, R. W. (2023) · Writing & Pedagogy · doi:10.1558/wap.21554 · Cited by 1
Oßwald, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-43831-9_2 · Cited by 1
Jorge, G. F., & Duarte, A. (2025) · Advances in wireless technologies and telecommunication book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-9999-6.ch011 · Cited by 1
Lighting Education: Looking in the Rearview Mirror
DiLaura, D. L. (2007) · LEUKOS The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America · doi:10.1080/15502724.2007.10732081 · Cited by 1
Who Am I? An Essay on Inclusion and Spiritual Growth through Community and Mutual Appreciation
Graham, J. R. (2008) · Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work Social Thought · doi:10.1080/15426430802113723 · Cited by 1
Communication solutions for today's engineering management
Jekielek, J. (2007) · IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (ProComm) · doi:10.1109/ipcc.2007.4464048 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Frankfurt, H. G.
- Corresponding author
- Frankfurt, Harry G.
- Venue
- Princeton University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Princeton University Press
- Published
- 2005-12-31
- OpenAlex
- W4250088333
- Cited by
- 1,175
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 161 · 2025: 146 · 2024: 128 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 103 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 41.83
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Princeton University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Ethics and Theory
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Thought and Analysis
- Keywords
- bullshit, deception, epistemology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
