The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A novel transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation leads to brainstem and cerebral activations measured by functional MRI / Funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie zeigt Aktivierungen des Hirnstamms und weiterer zerebraler Strukturen unter transkutaner Vagusnervstimulation
Abstract
Background : Left cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) using the implanted NeuroCybernetic Prosthesis (NCP ® ) can reduce epileptic seizures and has recently been shown to give promising results for treating therapy-resistant depression. To address a disadvantage of this state-of-the-art VNS device, the use of an alternative transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation technique, designed for muscular stimulation, was studied. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to test non-invasively access nerve structures associated with the vagus nerve system. The results and their impact are unsatisfying due to missing brainstem activations. These activations, however, are mandatory for reasoning, higher subcortical and cortical activations of vagus nerve structures. The objective of this study was to test a new parameter setting and a novel device for performing specific (well-controlled) transcutaneous VNS (tVNS) at the inner side of the tragus. This paper shows the feasibility of these and their potential for brainstem and cerebral activations as measured by blood oxygenation level dependent functional MRI (BOLD fMRI). Materials and methods : In total, four healthy male adults were scanned inside a 1.5-Tesla MR scanner while undergoing tVNS at the left tragus. We ensured that our newly developed tVNS stimulator was adapted to be an MR-safe stimulation device. In the experiment, cortical and brainstem representations during tVNS were compared to a baseline. Results : A positive BOLD response was detected during stimulation in brain areas associated with higher order relay nuclei of vagal afferent pathways, respectively the left locus coeruleus, the thalamus (left≫right), the left prefrontal cortex, the right and the left postcentral gyrus, the left posterior cingulated gyrus and the left insula. Deactivations were found in the right nucleus accumbens and the right cerebellar hemisphere. Conclusion : The method and device are feasible and appropriate for accessing cerebral vagus nerve structures, respectively. As functional patterns share features with fMRI BOLD, the effects previously studied with the NCP ® are discussed and new possibilities of tVNS are hypothesised. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund : Die Vagusnervstimulation am linken Halsstrang mit einer implantierten neurokybernetischen Prothese hat sich als suffizient bei der Behandlung von epileptischen Episoden erwiesen und zeigt zudem vielversprechende Behandlungsansätze für therapieresistente Depressionen. Aufgrund zahlreicher Nachteile einer derzeit alleinig verfügbaren implantologischen Lösung wurden in der letzten Zeit Studien zur Verwendung der transkutanen elektrischen Nervenstimulation, die hauptsächlich der Muskelstimulation dient, als nicht-invasiver Zugang zu Hirnstamm- und Kortexstrukturen über afferente Vagusnervfasern am menschlichen Ohr unter Verwendung der funktionellen Magnetresonanztomographie durchgeführt. Die Resultate und Folgerungen dieser Studien sind aber fragwürdig, da keine Aktivierungen des Hirnstamms ermittelt wurden. Diese allerdings sind für eine Aktivierung höherer Zentren unbedingt notwendig. Aufgabe der hier vorliegenden Arbeit war es daher, eine Methode und ein Gerät zur transkutanen Vagusnervstimulation (tVNS) an der Innenseite des Tragus zu entwickeln, welche auch eine solche Hirnstammaktiverung ermöglichen, und diese unter Zuhilfenahme des BOLD-Effekts (blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging, BOLD fMRI) basierend auf der funktionellen Magnetresonanztomographie zu studieren. Material und Methode : Vier männliche und gesunde Probanden wurden während tVNS an der linken Ohrmuschel in einem 1,5-Tesla-MR-Scanner untersucht. Hierfür wurde eine speziell konstruierte MR-taugliche Stimulationseinheit entwickelt und verwendet. In diesem Experiment wurden die BOLD-Effekte in Phasen während der Stimulation mit Ruhephasen ohne Stimulation verglichen. Ergebnisse : Positive BOLD-Effekte während der Stimulation traten insbesondere in Hirnarealen auf, welche Relais höherer Ordnung für vagale Afferenzen darstellen, wie dem Locus coeruleus, dem Thalamus (links≫rechts), dem linken präfrontalen Kortex, dem rechten und linken Gyrus postcentralis, dem linken hinteren Gyrus cinguli und der linken Inselregion. Deaktivierungen wurden im rechten Nucleus accumbens und der rechten Kleinhirnhemisphäre sichtbar. Schlussfolgerung : Vorgeschlagene Methode und Gerät können zerebrale Strukturen des Vagusnervsystems, insbesondere auch Hirnstammareale, aktivieren. Die Aktivierungsmuster unter tVNS ähneln jenen der zerebralen regionalen Blutflussänderungen aus früheren Studien unter Verwendung der NCP. Daher scheinen neue diagnostische und therapeutische Ansätze zumindest theoretisch möglich zu sein.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Rajkowska, G., Miguel-Hidalgo, J. J., Wei, J., Dilley, G., Pittman, S. D., Meltzer, H. Y., Overholser, J. C., Roth, B. L., & Stockmeier, C. A. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00041-4 · Cited by 1,477
Deep Brain Stimulation to Reward Circuitry Alleviates Anhedonia in Refractory Major Depression
Schlaepfer, T. E., Cohen, M. X., Frick, C., Kosel, M., Brodesser, D., Axmacher, N., Joe, A. Y., Kreft, M., Lenartz, D., & Sturm, V. (2008) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301408 · Cited by 1,027
Posterior cingulate cortex activation by emotional words: fMRI evidence from a valence decision task
Maddock, R. J., Garrett, A. S., & Buonocore, M. H. (2003) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.10075 · Cited by 695
Two-year outcome of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for treatment of major depressive episodes
Nahas, Z., Marangell, L. B., Husain, M. M., Rush, A. J., Sackeim, H. A., Lisanby, S. H., Martinez, J. M., & George, M. S. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v66n0902 · Cited by 390
Cited by
Optimization of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Using Functional MRI
Yakunina, N., Kim, S. S., & Nam, E.-C. (2017) · Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.12541 · Cited by 494
Yap, J. Y. Y., Keatch, C., Lambert, E., Woods, W., Stoddart, P. R., & Kameneva, T. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00284 · Cited by 432
Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Modulates Default Mode Network in Major Depressive Disorder
Fang, J., Rong, P., Hong, Y., Fan, Y., Liu, J., Wang, H., Zhang, G., Chen, X., Shi, S., Wang, L., et al. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.025 · Cited by 408
Howland, R. H. (2014) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-014-0010-5 · Cited by 405
Badran, B. W., Dowdle, L. T., Mithoefer, O. J., LaBate, N. T., Coatsworth, J., Brown, J. C., DeVries, W. H., Austelle, C. W., McTeague, L. M., & George, M. S. (2018) · Brain Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2017.12.009 · Cited by 396
Metadata
- Authors
- Dietrich, S., Smith, J., Scherzinger, C., Hofmann-Preiß, K., Freitag, T., Eisenkolb, A., & Ringler, R.
- Venue
- Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2008-01-01
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 104-111
- ISSN
- 0013-5585 (ISSN-L)
- 1862-278X
- OpenAlex
- W2148033018
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 1.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- de
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A novel transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation leads to brainstem and cerebral activations measured by functional MRI / Funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie zeigt Aktivierungen des Hirnstamms und weiterer zerebraler Strukturen unter transkutaner Vagusnervstimulation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1515/bmt.2008.022
- The paper
- Dietrich, S., Smith, J., Scherzinger, C., Hofmann-Preiß, K., Freitag, T., Eisenkolb, A., & Ringler, R. (2008). A novel transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation leads to brainstem and cerebral activations measured by functional MRI / Funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie zeigt Aktivierungen des Hirnstamms und weiterer zerebraler Strukturen unter transkutaner Vagusnervstimulation. Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt.2008.022
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.