Combined indicator of vitamin B12 status: modification for missing biomarkers and folate status and recommendations for revised cut-points
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A novel approach to determine vitamin B12 status is to combine four blood markers: total B12 (B12), holotranscobalamin (holoTC), methylmalonic acid (MMA) and total homocysteine (tHcy). This combined indicator of B12 status is expressed as cB12=log10[(holoTC·B12)/(MMA·Hcy)]-(age factor). Here we calculate cB12 in datasets with missing biomarkers, examine the influence of folate status, and revise diagnostic cut-points. METHODS: We used a database with all four markers (n=5211) plus folate measurements (n=972). A biomarker Z (assumed missing) was plotted versus X (a combination of other markers) and Y (age). Each chart was approximated by a function Ztheor, which predicted the potentially absent value(s). Statistical distributions of cB12 were aligned with physiological indicators of deficiency and used to determine cut-offs. RESULTS: The predictive functions Ztheor allowed assessment of the "incomplete" indicators, 3cB12 (three markers known) and 2cB12 (two markers known). Predictions contained a systematic deviation associated with dispersion along two axes Z and X (and unaccounted by the least squares fit). Increase in tHcy at low serum folate was corrected (cB12+Δfolate) based on the function of Δfolate=log10(Hcyreal/Hcytheor) versus folate. Statistical distributions of cB12 revealed the boundaries of groups with B12 deficiency, i.e., cB12<-0.5. CONCLUSIONS: We provide equations that combine two, three or four biomarkers into one diagnostic indicator, thereby rescaling unmatched data into the same coordinate system. Adjustment of this indicator is required if serum folate is <10 nmol/L and tHcy is measured. Revised cut-points and guidelines for using this approach are provided.
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c3B12 has only been validated in populations of adults aged 18 y or older.
“c3B12 has only been validated in populations of adults aged $18 y (32)”
From Vitamin B-12 status in infancy is positively associated with development and cognitive functioning 5 y later in Nepalese children (2017) · cites this paper as [32]
We calculated a combined indicator of vitamin B-12 status (3cB12) based on the 3 biomarkers (cobalamin, MMA, and tHcy) according to the method suggested by Fedosov et al. in which age and folate status are taken into account.
“We calculated a combined indicator of vitamin B-12 status (3cB12) based on the 3 biomarkers (cobalamin, MMA, and tHcy) according to the method suggested by Fedosov et al. (32) in which age and folate status are taken into account.”
From Vitamin B-12 status in infancy is positively associated with development and cognitive functioning 5 y later in Nepalese children (2017) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Fedosov, S. N., Brito, A., Miller, J. W., Green, R., & Allen, L. H.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fedosov, Sergey N.
- Venue
- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2015-01-01
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1215-25
- ISSN
- 1434-6621 (ISSN-L)
- 1437-4331
- OpenAlex
- W2323150136
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 13.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Porphyrin Metabolism and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Hematological disorders and diagnostics
- Keywords
- vitamin B12 status, holotranscobalamin, methylmalonic acid, total homocysteine, serum folate, diagnostic thresholds
- MeSH terms
- Folic Acid, Homocysteine, Humans, Methylmalonic Acid, Transcobalamins, Vitamin B 12, Biomarkers, Healthy Volunteers
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