Risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use: a comparative study of secondary school students in rural and urban areas of Osun State, Nigeria
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Substance use is a leading adolescent health problem globally, but little is known regarding associated factors for adolescent substance use in Nigeria. This study compared the prevalence of substance use among in-school adolescents in urban and rural areas of Osun State, Nigeria, and identified risk and protective factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 600 randomly selected adolescents (aged 10-19 years) from rural and urban areas of Osun State, Nigeria. Data were collected using the facilitated self-completed questionnaire method. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association of individual, peer, and parental factors with adolescent substance use. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained. RESULTS: About two-thirds of respondents had used substances in both rural (65.7%) and urban areas (66.0%) (p=0.93). Logistic analysis showed private school attendance as a risk factor for substance use (OR=2.32, 95% CI=1.20-4.46) and adolescent disapproval of adult substance use as a protective factor (OR=0.47, 95% CI=0.27-0.82) in rural areas. For urban areas, having friends who use substances (OR=4.04, 95% CI=1.39-11.6) and a mother having had tertiary education (OR=3.34, 95% CI=1.06-10.4) were risk factors while parental disapproval of substance use (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.28-0.90) was a protective factor. CONCLUSION: Lifetime prevalence of substances is high among in-school adolescents in Osun State. The risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use somewhat differ for rural and urban areas, and these have implications for designing effective intervention strategies.
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Total screen time among adolescents increases the likelihood of frequent cannabis use; daily cannabis users had a mean of 12.56 h of total screen time compared with 6.93 h among those reporting no cannabis use.
“total screen time among the adolescent increase the likelihood of frequent cannabis use. Those who reported daily cannabis use have a mean of 12.56 h of total screen time, compared to a mean of 6.93 h among those who reported no cannabis use.”
From Risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [43]
Low parental educational level predicted a greater risk of future drug abuse by reducing the youth's perception of harm.
“low parental educational level predicted a greater risk of future drug abuse by reducing the youth’s perception of harm [27, 43].”
From Risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Ogunsola, O. O., & Fatusi, A. O.
- Affiliations
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (NG)
- Adekunle Ajasin University (NG)
- Corresponding author
- Fatusi, Adesegun O.
- Venue
- International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2016-01-29
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- ISSN
- 0334-0139 (ISSN-L)
- 2191-0278
- OpenAlex
- W2412620891
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Demography › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Adolescent Health and Behaviors
- Keywords
- adolescent substance use, risk factors, protective factors, urban-rural differences, high school students, private school attendance, peer substance use, adolescent health, Osun State
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