Impact of domestic and transboundary conflicts on militarization
Open accessAbstract
Abstract Security issues are the global concern nowadays, which triggers government spending on military equipment and supply chain. This paper analyzes the global perspective of cohesion indicators on Militarization by using 177 countries panel data from the Years 2011-2018 based on middle/lower and high-income groups. By applied OLS and Fixed Effect modelling, we explored the idea that Group Grievance and Population Growth Rate have a significant impact on Militarization in both income groups worldwide. However, middle/lower income group’s Militarization is more fragile than high-income groups due to state cohesion. It further analyses that Security Apparatus and Fractionalization Elite are significant in Middle/ lower-income countries and have an insignificant impact on Militarization in high-income countries. In the end, the study suggested that the United Nations must keenly observe the militarization trends of the less fragile states by considering global peace concerns and should play its role to resolve the bilateral conflicts in the region to maintain world peace environment.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The fragility index value has less robust results than an individual indicator as used in this study.
“In panel data study observed that the fragility index value has less robust results than an individual indicator as used in this study [44,45,71].”
From Do institutional governance and state fragility affect institutional quality in Asian economies? (2023) · cites this paper as [71]
The Methodology describes a panel-data analysis using individual cohesion indicators, and Section 5.1.1 reports results for those indicators. Our copy does not compare their robustness with results from a fragility index (searched for the claimed comparison and for a composite-index comparison). (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Introducing the Global Terrorism Database
Lafree, G. D., & Dugan, L. (2007) · Terrorism and Political Violence · doi:10.1080/09546550701246817 · Cited by 687 · see citing works
The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology
Dolan, C. S., Gilberthorpe, E., & Rajak, D. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118924396 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Vigilant Visualities: The Watchful Politics of the War on Terror
Amoore, L. (2007) · Security Dialogue · doi:10.1177/0967010607078526 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
‘This is how we survived’: Civilian agency and humanitarian protection
Baines, E. K., & Paddon, E. (2012) · Security Dialogue · doi:10.1177/0967010612444150 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
The Impact of Terrorism on Governance in African Countries
Asongu, S. A., & Nwachukwu, J. C. (2017) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.05.023 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Gender, Militarization and Sovereignty
Dowler, L. (2012) · Geography Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2012.00509.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Power, Place, and Militarism: Toward a Comparative Geographic Analysis of Militarization
Bernazzoli, R. M., & Flint, C. D. (2009) · Geography Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2008.00194.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Transboundary conservation and militarized interstate disputes
Barquet, K., Lujala, P., & Rød, J. K. (2014) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.05.003 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Freilich, J. D., Chermak, S. M., & Simone, J. V. (2009) · Terrorism and Political Violence · doi:10.1080/09546550902950324 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Government interference in religious institutions and terrorism
Henne, P. S. (2018) · Religion State & Society · doi:10.1080/09637494.2018.1533691 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Militarism and its limits: Sociological insights on security assemblages in the Sahel
Frowd, P. M., & Sandor, A. (2018) · Security Dialogue · doi:10.1177/0967010617739534 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Baliamoune‐Lutz, M. (2009) · Journal of Policy Modeling · doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2009.07.003 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Glawion, T., de Vries, L., & Mehler, A. (2019) · Development and Change · doi:10.1111/dech.12417 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Baaz, M. E., & Verweijen, J. (2018) · Security Dialogue · doi:10.1177/0967010617730975 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Churn: Mobilization–demobilization and the fungibility of American military life
MacLeish, K. (2020) · Security Dialogue · doi:10.1177/0967010619889469 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Who are the civilians in the wars of South Sudan?
Kindersley, N., & Rolandsen, Ø. H. (2019) · Security Dialogue · doi:10.1177/0967010619863262 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The military and militarization in the United States
Ben‐Ari, E. (2004) · American Ethnologist · doi:10.1525/ae.2004.31.3.340 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Categorically complex: A latent class analysis of public perceptions of police militarization
Fox, B., Moule, R. K., & Parry, M. M. (2018) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.07.002 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
McKay, A., & Thorbecke, E. (2019) · Review of Development Economics · doi:10.1111/rode.12578 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Bildirici, M. E. (2017) · Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1002/ep.12720 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The emergence of dominant political party systems in unrecognized states
Ishiyama, J., & Batta, A. (2012) · Communist and Post-Communist Studies · doi:10.1016/j.postcomstud.2012.03.006 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Unsettled peace? The territorial politics of roadbuilding in post-war Sri Lanka
Ruwanpura, K. N., Chan, L., Brown, B. D., & Kajotha, V. (2019) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102092 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Verweijen, J. (2020) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2020.102153 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Police militarization in the United States
Steidley, T., & Ramey, D. M. (2019) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12674 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Theorizing the advent of weaponized drones as techniques of domestic paramilitary policing
Davis, O. C. M. (2019) · Security Dialogue · doi:10.1177/0967010619843483 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Peace is Our Only Shelter”: Questioning Domesticities of Militarization and White Privilege
Loyd, J. M. (2010) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2010.00822.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Country‐level Predictors of Terrorism
Morris, N. A., & Lafree, G. D. (2016) · doi:10.1002/9781118923986.ch6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Managing Urban Security: City Walls and Urban Metis
Shapiro, M. J. (2009) · Security Dialogue · doi:10.1177/0967010609342880 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Practising civilian protection: Human security in Myanmar and Cambodia
Jacob, C. (2014) · Security Dialogue · doi:10.1177/0967010614535831 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Comparing India’s Disputed Borderlands: Kashmir and the Northeast
Mukherjee, K. (2014) · Jadavpur Journal of International Relations · doi:10.1177/0973598414552749 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Higate, P., Dawes, A. L., Edmunds, T., et al. (2019) · Critical Military Studies · doi:10.1080/23337486.2018.1554941 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ethnic Armies and Ethnic Conflict in Burma
Sadan, M. (2013) · South East Asia Research · doi:10.5367/sear.2013.0173 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lutz, C. A. (2018) · The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology · doi:10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea1304 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ethnic boundaries and conflict in Darfur
Nielsen, E. S. (2008) · Ethnicities · doi:10.1177/1468796808097073 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Historical origins of the party-army relations in the Soviet Union and China
Zhou, L. (2018) · Communist and Post-Communist Studies · doi:10.1016/j.postcomstud.2019.07.006 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Terror or Terrorism? The “Islamic State” Between State and Nonstate Violence
Müller, M. (2017) · Digest of Middle East Studies · doi:10.1111/dome.12117 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY IN COSTA RICA: PRE‐CONDITIONS FOR MILITARIZATION?
Lauderdale, P. (1986) · Review of Policy Research · doi:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00690.x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Do institutional governance and state fragility affect institutional quality in Asian economies?
Miao, D., Gillani, S., Abbas, H. S. M., & Zhan, H. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15467 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“In panel data study observed that the fragility index value has less robust results than an individual indicator as used in this study [44,45,71].”
BackgroundResultSelf-citation
- Authors
- Abbas, H. S. M., Xu, X., Sun, C., Ullah, S., & Raza, M. A. A.
- Affiliations
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (PK)
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Abbas, Hafiz Syed Mohsin
- Venue
- Open Military Studies
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2020-01-01
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 24-35
- ISSN
- 2545-3254 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3092405291
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 1.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Open Military Studies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Defense, Military, and Policy Studies
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Military and Defense Studies
- Keywords
- militarization, domestic conflict, population growth, state cohesion, security apparatus, income groups, fragile states, United Nations, world peace
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
