The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cadmium toxicity: effects on human reproduction and fertility
Abstract
Background: Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential toxic heavy metal, an environmental toxicant, and toxic at a low concentration, and it has no known beneficial role in the human body. Its exposure induces various health impairments including hostile reproductive health. Objective: The present review discusses the information on exposure to Cd and human reproductive health impairments including pregnancy or its outcome with respect to environmental and occupational exposure. Methods: The present review provides current information on the reproductive toxic potential of Cd in humans. The data were collected using various websites and consulting books, reports, etc. We have included recent data which were published from 2000 onward in this review. Results: Cd exposure affects human male reproductive organs/system and deteriorates spermatogenesis, semen quality especially sperm motility and hormonal synthesis/release. Based on experimental and human studies, it also impairs female reproduction and reproductive hormonal balance and affects menstrual cycles. Based on the literature, it might be concluded that exposure to Cd at low doses has adverse effects on both human male and female reproduction and affects pregnancy or its outcome. Further, maternal prenatal Cd exposure might have a differential effect on male and female offspring especially affecting more female offspring. Hence, efforts must be made to prevent exposure to Cd. Conclusion: Cd affects both male and female reproduction, impairs hormone synthesis/regulation and deteriorates pregnancy rate or its outcome even at lower doses.
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Cites
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The toxicity of cadmium and resulting hazards for human health
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Cadmium: Toxic effects on the reproductive system and the embryo
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Cadmium mimics the in vivo effects of estrogen in the uterus and mammary gland
Johnson, M. D., Kenney, N., Stoica, A., Hilakivi-Clarke, L., Singh, B., Chepko, G., Clarke, R., Sholler, P. F., Lirio, A. A., Foss, C., et al. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm902 · Cited by 585
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Cited by
The effects of cadmium toxicity
Genchi, G., Sinicropi, M. S., Lauria, G., Carocci, A., & Catalano, A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17113782 · Cited by 2,722
Alengebawy, A., Abdelkhalek, S. T., Qureshi, S. R., & Wang, M.-Q. (2021) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics9030042 · Cited by 2,339
Phytoremediation of Cadmium: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Mechanisms
Raza, A., Habib, M., Kakavand, S. N., Zahid, Z., Zahra, N., Sharif, R., & Hasanuzzaman, M. (2020) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology9070177 · Cited by 322
Before the beginning: environmental exposures and reproductive and obstetrical outcomes
Segal, T. R., & Giudice, L. C. (2019) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.08.001 · Cited by 173
Metadata
- Authors
- Kumar, S., & Sharma, A.
- Venue
- Reviews on Environmental Health
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2019-05-27
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 327-338
- ISSN
- 0048-7554 (ISSN-L)
- 2191-0308
- OpenAlex
- W2947836623
- Cited by
- 369
- References
- 55
- FWCI
- 12.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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