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The Human Amygdala: An Evolved System for Relevance Detection
Abstract
Evidence from pioneering animal research has suggested that the amygdala is involved in the processing of aversive stimuli, particularly fear-related information. Fear is central in the evolution of the mammalian brain: it is automatically and rapidly elicited by potentially dangerous and deadly events. The view that the amygdala shares the main characteristics of modular systems, e.g. domain specificity, automaticity, and cognitive impenetrability, has become popular in neuroscience. Because of its computational properties, it has been proposed to implement a rapid-response 'fear module'. In this article, we review recent patient and neuroimaging data of the human brain and argue that the fundamental criteria for the amygdala to be a modular system are not met. We propose a different computational view and suggest the notion of a specific involvement of the human amygdala in the appraisal of relevant events that include, but are not restricted to, fear-related stimuli. Considering the amygdala as a 'relevance detector' would integrate the 'fear module' hypothesis with the concept of an evolved neural system devoted to the processing of a broader category of biologically relevant stimuli. In primates, socially relevant events appear to have become, through evolution, the dominant elements of the amygdala's domain of specificity.
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“This brain region is thought to automatically extract biological significance from the environment (Ball et al. 2007; Sander et al. 2003; Bzdok et al. 2011; Müller et al. 2011).”
From Parsing the neural correlates of moral cognition: ALE meta-analysis on morality, theory of mind, and empathy (2012) · cites this paper as Sander et al. 2003
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sander, D., Grafman, J., & Zalla, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Geneva (CH)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives (FR)
- Venue
- Reviews in the Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 303-16
- ISSN
- 0334-1763 (ISSN-L)
- 2191-0200
- OpenAlex
- W2290816323
- Cited by
- 944
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 81
- FWCI
- 5.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Reviews in the Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Arizona
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- human amygdala, relevance detection, modularity of mind, domain specificity, automaticity, evolutionary neuroscience, social relevance, fear processing
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Computers, Emotions, Biological Evolution, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mental Processes, Models, Neurological, Systems Theory, Signal Detection, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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