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The Human Amygdala: An Evolved System for Relevance Detection
Abstract
Evidence from pioneering animal research has suggested that the amygdala is involved in the processing of aversive stimuli, particularly fear-related information. Fear is central in the evolution of the mammalian brain: it is automatically and rapidly elicited by potentially dangerous and deadly events. The view that the amygdala shares the main characteristics of modular systems, e.g. domain specificity, automaticity, and cognitive impenetrability, has become popular in neuroscience. Because of its computational properties, it has been proposed to implement a rapid-response 'fear module'. In this article, we review recent patient and neuroimaging data of the human brain and argue that the fundamental criteria for the amygdala to be a modular system are not met. We propose a different computational view and suggest the notion of a specific involvement of the human amygdala in the appraisal of relevant events that include, but are not restricted to, fear-related stimuli. Considering the amygdala as a 'relevance detector' would integrate the 'fear module' hypothesis with the concept of an evolved neural system devoted to the processing of a broader category of biologically relevant stimuli. In primates, socially relevant events appear to have become, through evolution, the dominant elements of the amygdala's domain of specificity.
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“This brain region is thought to automatically extract biological significance from the environment (Ball et al. 2007; Sander et al. 2003; Bzdok et al. 2011; Müller et al. 2011).”
From Parsing the neural correlates of moral cognition: ALE meta-analysis on morality, theory of mind, and empathy (2012) · cites this paper as Sander et al. 2003
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G, A. D. (n.d.) · Biol Psychiatry
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Beauregard, M. (n.d.) · R C
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POSNER, J., RUSSELL, J. A., & PETERSON, B. S. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050340 · Cited by 2,602
On the relationship between emotion and cognition
Pessoa, L. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2317 · Cited by 2,350
The brain basis of emotion: a meta-analytic review
Lindquist, K. A., Wager, T. D., Kober, H., Bliss-Moreau, E., & Barrett, L. F. (2012) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x11000446 · Cited by 2,320
“…of emotion, Sander and colleagues have argued that the computational profile of the amygdala is best characterized as default detection of stimuli appraised as relevant, given the individual’s current concerns, such as goals, needs, and values (Sander et al. 2003; see also, Sander, in press).”
BackgroundInfluentialHow brains beware: neural mechanisms of emotional attention
Vuilleumier, P. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.10.011 · Cited by 2,162
Pessoa, L., & Adolphs, R. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2920 · Cited by 1,794
Metadata
- Authors
- Sander, D., Grafman, J., & Zalla, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Geneva (CH)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives (FR)
- Venue
- Reviews in the Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 303-16
- ISSN
- 0334-1763 (ISSN-L)
- 2191-0200
- OpenAlex
- W2290816323
- Cited by
- 944
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 81
- FWCI
- 5.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Reviews in the Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Arizona
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- human amygdala, relevance detection, modularity of mind, domain specificity, automaticity, evolutionary neuroscience, social relevance, fear processing
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Computers, Emotions, Biological Evolution, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mental Processes, Models, Neurological, Systems Theory, Signal Detection, Psychological
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