The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Toward Developing an Approach for Alerting Drivers to the Direction of a Crash Threat
Abstract
Objective This study explored the potential for auditory and haptic spatial cuing approaches to alert drivers to the direction of a crash threat. Background For an automobile equipped with multiple crash avoidance systems, effective cuing of the crash threat direction may help the driver avoid the crash. Because the driver may not be looking in the direction of a visual crash alert, nonvisual crash alerts were explored as an additional means of directing attention to a potential crash situation. Methods In this in-traffic study, 32 drivers were asked to verbally report alert direction in the absence of any crash threats. Driver localization accuracy and response time were examined as a function of eight alert locations surrounding the vehicle and four directional alert approaches (auditory, haptic, haptic and auditory, and haptic and nondirectional auditory). The auditory directional alert approach used four speakers and broadband alert sounds, and the haptic directional alert approach used vibrations generated at various locations on the bottom of the driver's seat. Results Overall, relative to the auditory alert approach, the three approaches that included the haptic seat alert component reduced correct localization response times by 257 ms and increased percentage correct localization from 32% to 84%. Conclusion These results suggest that seat vibration alerts are a promising candidate for alerting drivers to the direction of a crash threat. Application These findings shou…
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“It should be noted that the failure to demonstrate any benefit of bimodal over unimodal feedback in a car driving situation that has been reported in several recent studies may have been due to the spatial disparity introduced between the signals presented in the various different modalities.”
From Assessing the Benefits of Multimodal Feedback on Dual-Task Performance under Demanding Conditions (2008) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“all of the feedback signals presented in the present study came from the same spatial location, and this may help to explain why such a beneficial effect was observed on driver performance [20,34].”
From Assessing the Benefits of Multimodal Feedback on Dual-Task Performance under Demanding Conditions (2008) · cites this paper as [20]
Citations
Cites
Vibrotactile in-vehicle navigation system
Van Erp, J. B. F., & Van Veen, H. A. H. C. (2004) · Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2004.09.003 · Cited by 337
Sklar, A. E., & Sarter, N. B. (1999) · Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1518/001872099779656716 · Cited by 268
Research works printed but not linked: 13
- Blauert, J., 1997, Spatial hearing: The psychophysics of human sound localization
- Edworthy, J., 1996, Warning design: A research perspective
- 10.1016/j.trf.2005.05.002 · DOI
- Kiefer, R.J., 2003, Forward collision warning requirements project final report - Tasks 2 and 3a: Surprise braking trials, time-to-collision judgments, and "first look" maneuvers under realistic rear-end crash conditions (Rep. No. DOT-HS-809-902)
- Kiefer, R.J., 1999, Forward collision warning systems: Development and validation of functional definitions and evaluation procedures for collision warning/avoidance systems (Rep. No. DOT-HS-808-964)
- 10.1111/1467-8659.00654 · DOI
- Lee, J.D., Hoffman, J.D. & Hayes, E. (2004). Collision warning design to mitigate driver distraction . In Proceedings of CHI (pp. 65-72). New York: Association for Computing Machinery. · DOI
- Sanders, M.S., 1993, Human factors in engineering design
- Tan, H.Z., 2003, Haptics-e, 3, 1
- Tan, A.K., 1996, Acoustic localization of in-vehicle crash avoidance warnings as a cue to hazard direction (Rep. No. DOT-HS-808-534)
- 10.1037/e577462012-035 · DOI
- U.S. Department of Transportation., 2005, Automotive collision avoidance system field operational test methods and results (Rep. No. DOT HS 809-900)
- 10.1037/e576862012-046 · DOI
Cited by
Autonomous driving: investigating the feasibility of car-driver handover assistance
Walch, M., Lange, K., Baumann, M., & Weber, M. (2015) · Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications · doi:10.1145/2799250.2799268 · Cited by 201
Assessing the Benefits of Multimodal Feedback on Dual-Task Performance under Demanding Conditions
Lee, J.-H., & Spence, C. (2008) · Electronic Workshops in Computing · doi:10.14236/ewic/hci2008.18 · Cited by 73
Metadata
- Authors
- Fitch, G. M., Kiefer, R. J., Hankey, J. M., & Kleiner, B. M.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (US)
- General Motors (United States) (US)
- Virginia Tech (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fitch, Gregory M.
- Venue
- Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-08
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 710-720
- ISSN
- 0018-7208 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-8181
- OpenAlex
- W2087627603
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 10.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Traffic and Road Safety
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- crash avoidance systems, auditory alerts, haptic alerts, seat vibration, alert response time, driver attention
- MeSH terms
- Accidents, Traffic, Adult, Automobile Driving, Cognition, Equipment Failure, Female, Humans, Male, Man-Machine Systems
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Toward Developing an Approach for Alerting Drivers to the Direction of a Crash Threat. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1518/001872007x215782
- The paper
- Fitch, G. M., Kiefer, R. J., Hankey, J. M., & Kleiner, B. M. (2007). Toward Developing an Approach for Alerting Drivers to the Direction of a Crash Threat. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872007x215782
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
