Multisensory In-Car Warning Signals for Collision Avoidance
Abstract
Objective A driving simulator study was conducted in order to assess the relative utility of unimodal auditory, unimodal vibrotactile, and combined audiotactile (i.e., multisensory) in-car warning signals to alert and inform drivers of likely front-to-rear-end collision events in a situation modeled on real-world driving. Background The implementation of nonvisual in-car warning signals may have important safety implications in lessening any visual overload during driving. Multisensory integration can provide synergistic facilitation effects. Method The participants drove along a rural road in a car-following scenario in either the presence or absence of a radio program in the background. The brake light signals of the lead vehicle were also unpredictably either enabled or disabled on a trial-by-trial basis. Results The results showed that the participants initiated their braking responses significantly more rapidly following the presentation of audiotactile warning signals than following the presentation of either unimodal auditory or unimodal vibrotactile warning signals. Conclusion Multisensory warning signals offer a particularly effective means of capturing driver attention in demanding situations such as driving. Application The potential value of such multisensory in-car warning signals is explained with reference to recent cognitive neuroscience research.
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Multimodal interactions occur in many different aspects of human information processing and can facilitate perceptual and cognitive processing when the stimuli in different modalities are presented in temporal and/or spatial coincidence.
“According to the results of various behavioral and cognitive neuroscience studies, multimodal interactions occur in many different aspects of human information processing and can facilitate perceptual and cognitive processing when the stimuli in different modalities are presented in temporal and/or spatial coincidence [13,15,19].”
From Assessing the Benefits of Multimodal Feedback on Dual-Task Performance under Demanding Conditions (2008) · cites this paper as [13]
Multisensory stimulation could represent an important feature in the design of driving-related signals.
“As shown by Ho and colleagues in fact, multisensory stimulation could represent an important feature in the design of driving related signals84,85.”
From The impact of multisensory integration and perceptual load in virtual reality settings on performance, workload and presence (2021) · cites this paper as [84]
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Autonomous driving: investigating the feasibility of car-driver handover assistance
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Assessing the Benefits of Multimodal Feedback on Dual-Task Performance under Demanding Conditions
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Self-citationMultisensory enhancement of attention depends on whether you are already paying attention
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- Authors
- Ho, C., Reed, N., & Spence, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Transport Research Laboratory (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ho, Cristy
- Venue
- Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1107-1114
- ISSN
- 0018-7208 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-8181
- OpenAlex
- W2077707758
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 17.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Traffic and Road Safety
- Keywords
- collision avoidance, auditory alerts, braking response, driver attention, vehicle following, visual overload, multisensory integration
- MeSH terms
- Accidents, Traffic, Adolescent, Adult, Automobile Driving, United Kingdom, Humans, Ergonomics, Male, Protective Devices
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