Multisensory cues capture spatial attention regardless of perceptual load.
Abstract
We compared the ability of auditory, visual, and audiovisual (bimodal) exogenous cues to capture visuo-spatial attention under conditions of no load versus high perceptual load. Participants had to discriminate the elevation (up vs. down) of visual targets preceded by either unimodal or bimodal cues under conditions of high perceptual load (in which they had to monitor a rapidly presented central stream of visual letters for occasionally presented target digits) or no perceptual load (in which the central stream was replaced by a fixation point). The results of 3 experiments showed that all 3 cues captured visuo-spatial attention in the no-load condition. By contrast, only the bimodal cues captured visuo-spatial attention in the high-load condition, indicating for the first time that multisensory integration can play a key role in disengaging spatial attention from a concurrent perceptually demanding stimulus.
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Under concurrent visual perceptual load, multimodal stimuli improve in enhancing subjective performance compared to unisensory signals.
“By contrast, under a condition of concurrent visual perceptual load (e.g., Rapid Sequential Visual Presentation task—RSVP) the effectiveness of multimodal stimuli improves in enhancing subjective performance, compared to unisensory signals17.”
From The impact of multisensory integration and perceptual load in virtual reality settings on performance, workload and presence (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
Under no or low perceptual load, subjective performance is not particularly benefitting from multisensory integration compared to unisensory stimulation.
“previous findings showed that subjective performance is not particularly benefitting from multisensory integration, compared to the unisensory stimulation.”
From The impact of multisensory integration and perceptual load in virtual reality settings on performance, workload and presence (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
Multisensory stimuli are not immune to perceptual load effects but still show clear evidence of facilitatory attentional capture.
“However, Lunn and colleagues8 demonstrated rather clearly that multisensory stimuli are not ‘immune’ to perceptual load effects as proposed by Santangelo and Spence 17 (see also Lavie’s work86 on immune stimuli), but they still showed clear evidence of facilitatory attentional capture by multisensory stimuli.”
From The impact of multisensory integration and perceptual load in virtual reality settings on performance, workload and presence (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
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High visual salience of alert signals can lead to a counterintuitive increase of reaction times
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Multimodal Threat Cueing in Simulated Combat Vehicle
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Santangelo, V., & Spence, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1311-1321
- ISSN
- 0096-1523 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1277
- OpenAlex
- W2059735421
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 10.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Rome "La Sapienza"
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Keywords
- spatial attention, perceptual load, multisensory integration, audiovisual cues, auditory cues, visual cues, attentional capture, attentional disengagement
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Auditory Perception, Cues, Discrimination, Psychological, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psychomotor Performance, Psychophysics, Reaction Time, Sound Localization
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