Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 655

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Proximity Compatibility Principle: Its Psychological Foundation and Relevance to Display Design

Wickens, Christopher D., Carswell, C. Melody·1995·Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

Abstract

In this report we describe the concept of the proximity compatibility principle (PCP) and demonstrate its relevance to display design: Displays relevant to a common task or mental operation (close task or mental proximity) should be rendered close together in perceptual space (close display proximity). Different forms of task proximity are discussed, as are the different information-processing mechanisms that underlie the effects of the several different design manipulations of display proximity. Experimental data that support this process-based elaboration of PCP are then reviewed in design contexts relating to aviation, graphs, display layout, and decision aiding.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1518/001872095779049408

Cites

64 of 64 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 64 references

Cited by

See all 655

Metadata

Authors
Wickens, C. D., & Carswell, C. M.
Venue
Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
Published
1995-09
Volume
37
Issue
3
Pages
473-494
ISSN
  • 0018-7208 (ISSN-L)
  • 1547-8181
OpenAlex
W2053229400
Cited by
655
References
64
FWCI
17.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Proximity Compatibility Principle: Its Psychological Foundation and Relevance to Display Design. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1518/001872095779049408
The paper
Wickens, C. D., & Carswell, C. M. (1995). The Proximity Compatibility Principle: Its Psychological Foundation and Relevance to Display Design. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872095779049408

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.