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Individual Patterns in Blood-Borne Indicators of Fatigue—Trait or Chance
Abstract
Julian, R, Meyer, T, Fullagar, HHK, Skorski, S, Pfeiffer, M, Kellmann, M, Ferrauti, A, and Hecksteden, A. Individual patterns in blood-borne indicators of fatigue—trait or chance. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 608–619, 2017—Blood-borne markers of fatigue such as creatine kinase (CK) and urea (U) are widely used to fine-tune training recommendations. However, predictive accuracy is low. A possible explanation for this dissatisfactory characteristic is the propensity of athletes to react to different patterns of fatigue indicators (e.g., predominantly muscular [CK] or metabolic [U]). The aim of the present trial was to explore this hypothesis by using repetitive fatigue-recovery cycles. A total of 22 elite junior swimmers and triathletes (18 ± 3 years) were monitored for 9 weeks throughout 2 training phases (low-intensity, high-volume [LIHV] and high-intensity, low-volume [HILV] phases). Blood samples were collected each Monday (recovered) and Friday (fatigued) morning. From measured values of CK, U, free-testosterone (FT), and cortisol (C) as determined in the rested and fatigued state, respectively, Monday–Friday differences (Δ) were calculated and classified by magnitude before calculation of ratios (ΔCK/ΔU and ΔFT/ΔC). Coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated as group-based estimate s of reproducibility. Linear mixed modeling was used to differentiate inter- and intraindividual variability. Consistency of patterns was analyzed by comparing with threshold values (<0.9 or >1.1 for all weeks). Reproducibility was very low for fatigue-induced changes (CV ≥ 100%) with interindividual variation accounting for 45–60% of overall variability. Case-wise analysis indicated consistent ΔCK/ΔU patterns for 7 individuals in LIHV and 7 in HILV; 5 responded consistently throughout. For ΔFT/ΔC the number of consistent patterns was 2 in LIHV and 3 in HILV. These findings highlight the potential value of an individualized and multivariate approach in the assessment of fatigue.
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“It also provides precise and reliable measurements of the physiological response to identify the stress-to-recovery status.”
From The Associations of Vitamin D Status with Athletic Performance and Blood-borne Markers in Adolescent Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“The assessment of blood-borne markers can be useful for determining an optimal training strategy on an individual basis and athletic performance levels [23,24].”
From The Associations of Vitamin D Status with Athletic Performance and Blood-borne Markers in Adolescent Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“The status of training intensity or overtraining syndromes can be determined by examining blood-borne markers such as plasma free testosterone (FT), cortisol (C), creatine kinase (CK), and urea (U).”
From The Associations of Vitamin D Status with Athletic Performance and Blood-borne Markers in Adolescent Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Previous studies showed that increased production of C inhibits protein synthesis and glycogenolytic enzyme activity, and thereby partially impairs muscle adaptation and athletic performance [23,46].”
From The Associations of Vitamin D Status with Athletic Performance and Blood-borne Markers in Adolescent Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“It is well known that FT is a primary anabolic hormone and markedly increased following resistance training, which is known to contribute re-modeling of muscle tissue by enhancing myogenic protein synthesis and glycogen re-synthesis [23,44].”
From The Associations of Vitamin D Status with Athletic Performance and Blood-borne Markers in Adolescent Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
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Cited by
Seo, M.-W., Song, J. K., Jung, H. C., Kim, S.-W., Kim, J.-H., & Lee, J.-M. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16183422 · Cited by 34
Schimpchen, J., Wagner, M., Ferrauti, A., Kellmann, M., Pfeiffer, M., & Meyer, T. (2017) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001591 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Julian, R., Meyer, T., Fullagar, H. H. K., Skorski, S., Pfeiffer, M., Kellmann, M., Ferrauti, A., & Hecksteden, A.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Germany;
- Institute of Sports Science, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; and
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Venue
- Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 608-619
- ISSN
- 1064-8011
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
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