Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 311

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Personality Disorder Examination: A Preliminary Report

Loranger, Armand W., Susman, Virginia Lehmann, Oldham, John M., Russakoff, L. Mark·1987·Journal of Personality Disorders

Abstract

There are unanswered questions about the reliability and validity of some of the personality disorders in DSM-III. There has been a need for a structured interview that would facilitate the pursuit of these and other issues of interest to clinicians and research investigators. The Personality Disorder Examination (PDE) was developed to systematically survey the phenomenology and life experiences relevant to the diagnosis of all of the personality disorders in DSM-III. It provides suspected Axis II diagnoses and dimensional scores for every subject on each disorder. The interrater reliability of the PDE proved to be excellent in a preliminary study of 60 patients.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1521/pedi.1987.1.1.1

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Cited by

See all 311

Metadata

Authors
Loranger, A. W., Susman, V. L., Oldham, J. M., & Russakoff, L. M.
Venue
Journal of Personality Disorders
Published
1987-03
Volume
1
Issue
1
Pages
1-13
ISSN
0885-579X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2145820893
Cited by
311
References
1
FWCI
13.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Personality Disorder Examination: A Preliminary Report. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1521/pedi.1987.1.1.1
The paper
Loranger, A. W., Susman, V. L., Oldham, J. M., & Russakoff, L. M. (1987). The Personality Disorder Examination: A Preliminary Report. Journal of Personality Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.1987.1.1.1

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.