The DOI matches its Crossref record; none of the 211 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Documents sur les Tou-Kiue (turcs) occidentaux
Open accessAbstract
Une bibliothèque numérique unique et originale dans le monde francophone en sciences sociales et humaines, développée en collaboration avec l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, fondée et dirigée par Jean-Marie Tremblay, bénévole, professeur de sociologie au département des sciences humaines du Cégep de Chicoutimi.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from a shortened version of the paper’s full text (it is longer than we read).
TL;DR
This is a source-based historical reconstruction of the Western Turks (Tou-kiue occidentaux) from the mid-sixth to mid-eighth centuries, built from Chinese dynastic histories, geographic chapters, diplomatic documents, and pilgrim accounts. It argues that the Western Turks were a loose confederation rather than a centralized state, and that their independent power was destroyed by China in 657–659 before being replaced by the Turgäch and later the Karluks.
Key findings
- The Western Turks traced their line to Istämi, while the Eastern Turks descended from Boumin/Tou-men; the definitive split followed Ta-lo-pien’s conflict with Cha-po-lio and his flight to Ta-t’eou, with Chinese intrigue from 581 and Ta-lo-pien’s capture in 587.
- The Western Turks were organized as ten tribes or “arrows”: five Tulu (left) east of Sujab/Tokmak and five Nu-shipi (right) west of it; they remained a federation with recurring internal rivalry rather than a unified kingdom.
- Under Tong Che-hou, Western Turk power reached Persia and Kapiça and was said to have several hundred thousand archers; later Ho-lou controlled the ten tribes, but Chinese forces defeated him in 657 and captured him in 658, after which his territory was divided into the protectorates of Koen-ling and Mong-tch’e and numerous administrative units.
- After the Chinese conquest, the Turgäch leader Ou-tche-le established twenty commanders each over 7,000 soldiers; Sou-lou later had 200,000–300,000 people, allied with Tibet and the Northern Turks, and was killed in 738. The Karluks replaced Western Turk power, occupying Tokmak and Talas around 766.
Methods
- A philological and historical source compilation: the author translates and comments on Chinese dynastic histories (Soei chou, Kieou T’ang chou, T’ang chou), geographic chapters, the Tch’e fou yuen koei, and accounts by Buddhist pilgrims such as Hiuen-tsang and Ou-k’ong.
- The study reconstructs genealogies and chronology of Western Turk rulers and reconstructs two main routes from Turfan to Tokmak/Aulie-ata using T’ang geographic texts, modern European maps, and travel reports.
- It cross-checks Chinese materials against Turkish inscriptions, Byzantine and Arabic notices, and other secondary scholarship; no quantitative sample or statistical analysis is used.
Limitations
- The paper repeatedly states that the sources are insufficient: it says it cannot follow the later struggles of the “yellow” and “black” tribes to the end, and many geographic identifications remain uncertain or undetermined.
- The author notes chronological conflicts and textual errors, such as disagreements over Tong Che-hou’s death date, Ni-li’s death, and several names or readings that require correction; the addenda and corrigenda explicitly revise earlier claims.
- Evident from the text: the reconstruction depends heavily on Chinese official historiography and later encyclopedic compilations, with limited independent archaeological or non-Chinese documentation, so some conclusions rest on contested readings and inference.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
0 of 211 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“on a trouvé en ce lieu une stèle de l'époque des Tang qui, quoique fort endommagée, prouve cependant péremptoirement que là se trouvait autrefois la sous-préfecture de Kin-man”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“les Tch'ou-yue étaient à l'ouest du lac Barkoul”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“les Cha-t'o demeuraient à l'est de ce lac.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“La sixième année tcheng-koan (632), p.39 un décret impérial chargea le dignitaire de second rang du hong-lou, Lieou Chan-yn, de se rendre chez les barbares pour conférer (à A-che-na Mi-che) le titre de Hi-li-pi tou-lou kagan [23] et pour lui donner en présent un tambour, un guidon et dix mille pièces de soie à fleurs.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“en premier lieu, ce sont certains kagans des Tou-kiue occidentaux, et non les Tch'ou-yue, qui résidaient près de la rivière Talas”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Rappelons enfin que la notice sur le royaume de K'ang (Sogdiane) dans le Wei chou (chap. CII, p. 9 v°), dans le Pei che (chap. XCVII, p. 11 v°) et dans le Soei chou (chap. LXXXIII, p. 4 r°) dit que la femme du roi de K'ang, Che-fou-pi (ou Tai-che-pi), était la fille du Tou-kiue Ta-tou kagan.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wei chou (chap. CII, p. 9 v°)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Pei che (chap. XCVII, p. 11 v°)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Soei chou (chap. LXXXIII, p. 4 r°)
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Après la fuite de Ta-t'eou chez les T'ou-kou-hoen en 603, nous n'entendons plus parler de lui”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“La septième année tcheng-koan (633), au dixième mois, Hi-li-pi tou-lou kagan, des Tou-kiue occidentaux, envoya un ambassadeur rendre hommage et payer tribut.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Tch'e fou yuen koei, chap. 970, p. 7 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“Tch'ou-lo kagan, successeur de Ni-li, est mentionné en 605 dans la notice sur les T'ie-le (Soei chou, chap. LXXXIV, p. 8 v°)”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Soei chou, chap. LXXXIV, p. 8 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“Le T'ong kien kang mou rapporte la mort de Tie-li-che à la fin de la treizième année tcheng-koan (689).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T'ong kien kang mou
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 191
- Probably not a substantial claim. 87
- The quote only partly states this claim. 6
In the paper
“or nous savons, par une inscription trouvée in situ que Kin-man était à 20 li au nord de Pao-hoei hien (ou Tsi-mou-sa) lequel est à 90 li au sud-ouest de Goutchen.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites inscription trouvée in situ
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pour les (cinq tribus) Tou-lou, il y avait cinq tch'ouo (tchour) ; le premier s'appelait Tch'ou-mou-koen lu tch'ouo 4 ; le second s'appelait Hou-lou-kiu k'iue tch'ouo (kul tchour) 5 ; Ho-lou [24] lui avait donné une de ses filles en mariage ; le troisième s'appelait Che-cho-t'i t'oen tch'ouo 6 ; le quatrième s'appelait Tou-k'i-che ho-lo-che tch'ouo 7 ; le cinquième s'appelait Chou-ni-che tch'ou-p”
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pendant la période long-cho (661-663), (l'empereur) donna encore l'ordre à Mi-che [23] et à Pou-tchen [24] de se mettre à la tête de leurs hommes et d'accompagner le grand administrateur général du Yu-hai tao, Sou Hai-tcheng, dans son expédition contre K'ieou-tse (Koutcha).”
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On divisa son peuple et on établit les deux protectorats de Koen-ling et de Mong-tch'e. Les divers pays qui lui étaient soumis furent tous divisés en préfectures ; à l'ouest, le point extrême fut Po-se (la Perse) ; toutes (ces régions) dépendirent du Protectorat de Ngan-si 3.”
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ensuite Ho-lou [21] donna à Tie-yun le titre de Mo-ho-tou (bagatour) jabgou [26]. A plusieurs reprises il envahit et molesta les diverses peuplades des Barbares de l'ouest (Si Fan) ; en outre il s'avança pour piller l'arrondissement de T'ing 2.”
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“La troisième année (652) un décret impérial chargea le grand général des gardes militaires de gauche Leang Kien-fang, et le grand général des gardes à cheval de droite K'i-pi Ho-li 3, de se mettre à la tête p.35 de cinquante mille cavaliers Hoei-ho (Ouigours) qui dépendaient du Protecteur de Yen-jan 4 et de le punir ; en tout ils coupèrent cinq mille têtes et firent prisonniers plus de soixante”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Son cousin germain plus âgé que lui, Pou-tchen [24], voulut se nommer lui-même kagan ; il projeta donc de tuer Mi-che [23], son frère cadet et ses neveux, soit une vingtaine de personnes.”
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In the paper
“le Hai kouo t'ou tche (chap. III, carte des contrées occidentales à l'époque (les Han) identifie la mer Lei-tchou avec la mer Caspienne qu'il ne distingue pas de la mer d'Aral.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hai kouo t'ou tche (chap. III)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“La deuxième année yong-hoei (651), en compagnie de son fils Tie-yun [26], il se mit à la tête de son peuple et s'enfuit dans l'ouest. Il s'empara du territoire de Tou-lou kagan [18] et eut toutes les diverses commanderies des p.34 contrées d'occident. Il établit ses campements à Choang-ho 2 et à Ts'ien-ts'iuen 3. Il se donna le nom de Cha-po-lo kagan ; il gouverna les dix tribus Tou-lou et Nou-che”
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“La deuxième année hien-k'ing (657) 2, (l'empereur) chargea le général des colonies militaires de droite Sou Ting-fang 3, le Protecteur de Yen-jan, Jen Ya-siang, le Protecteur en second Siao Se-ye, le grand général des gardes à cheval de gauche, commandant du Han-hai, Hoei-ho P'o juen 4 et d'autres de se mettre à la tête de troupes pour le châtier et l'attaquer ; en outre il envoya le grand général”
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Quand Kao-tsong fut monté sur le trône (650), il le promut en le nommant grand général des gardes à cheval de gauche avec, comme autrefois, le titre de commandant du Yao-tch'e.”
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(Siao) Se-ye arriva à Ts'ien-ts'iuen 3, au lieu où Ho-lou avait placé ses tentes. Mi-che [23] fit avancer ses troupes et arriva à la rivière I-li ; les chefs des Tch'ou-yue, des Tch'ou-mi et autres vinrent chacun à la tête de son peuple se soumettre. Mi-che [23] s'avança encore et s'arrêta à Choang-ho 4 ; Ho-lou [21] avait auparavant chargé Pou-che tarkan de rassembler et de réunir les soldats”
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“La quatrième année (653) Tou-lou kagan [18] mourut. Son fils, Tchentchou che-hou [22], ayant avec lui les cinq (tribus) Nou-che-pi, demanda à attaquer Ho-lou [21] ; il détruisit son campement et coupa plus de mille têtes 1.”
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dans la suite, Pou-tchen [24] se donna donc à lui-même le pouvoir avec le titre de Tou-lou jabgou [24] ; un grand nombre d'hommes de ses hordes ne lui étaient pas soumis ; ils l'expulsèrent et il s'enfuit ; Pou-tchen [24], soutenant et guidant sa famille, vint rendre hommage à la cour ; on lui donna le titre de grand général des colonies militaires de gauche.”
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Puis T'ai-tsong mourut ; Ho-lou [21] se révolta et les hordes de Che-koei [25] furent prises par lui.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Quant à Pou-tchen [24], on lui donna le titre de Ki-wang-tsiue kagan (le kagan qui continue ce qui était auparavant interrompu) en même temps que de grand général des gardes de droite et de Protecteur du Mong-tch'e ; d'ailleurs il eut en partage et garda les cinq tribus Nou-che-pi.”
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“La deuxième année hien-k'ing (657) on le promut au rang de grand général des gardes militaires de droite ; puis il châtia et soumit Ho-lou [21] ; alors par brevet on décerna à Mi-che [23] le titre de Hing-si-wang kagan (le kagan qui fait prospérer ce qui était autrefois perdu), en même temps que de grand général des gardes de droite et de Protecteur du Koen-ling ; il eut en partage et garda les”
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Chacun d'eux avait plusieurs centaines de mille de soldats qui lui étaient attribués et tous étaient sous les ordres. de Ho-lou. Parmi les divers royaumes des contrées d'occident, il y en avait aussi beaucoup qui dépendaient de lui.”
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Je suis un captif battu et à bout de p.38 ressources ; l'empereur précédent m'avait bien traité et je me suis révolté contre lui ; si aujourd'hui j'ai été vaincu, c'est que le Ciel est irrité contre moi. Autrefois j'ai entendu dire que la coutume des Han était de faire toutes les exécutions capitales sur le marché de la ville ; quand je serai arrivé à la capitale et qu'on me tuera, je demande à”
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In the paper
“Cette mer Lei-tchou est mentionnée deux fois dans le Choei king, chap. II, p. 2 r° et 3 r°, mais au milieu d'une hydrographie si confuse qu'il semble impossible d'en déterminer la situation exacte”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Choei king, chap. II, p. 2 r° et 3 r°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A-che-na Ho-lou [21] 4 était le fils de I-pou-li chad Che-koei tegin [17] 1.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“une note du Tse tche t'ong kien, nous apprend que les chefs Pa-si-mi avaient le nom de famille A-che-na et étaient de la race des Tou-kiue. Leur résidence était Pei-t'ing (Bichbalik).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Tse tche t'ong kien
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Quand Siao Se-ye arriva dans le royaume de Che (Tachkend), Chou-neou chad lui livra Ho-lou 1.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“En apprenant cela, Kao-tsong eut pitié de lui ; puis, quand Ho-lou [21] captif fut arrivé à la capitale, il ordonna qu'on le présentât en offrande à la tombe Tchao et au temple funéraire impérial ; un décret ordonna que, par grâce spéciale, il ne serait pas mis à mort.”
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In the paper
“T'ong Che-hou kagan est souvent désigné simplement sous le nom de Che-hou kagan ; c'est sous ce nom qu'il apparaît dans la notice sur la Perse (voyez plus loin, troisième partie), texte qui nous apprend que ce kagan était monté sur le trône antérieurement à l'année 619”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites notice sur la Perse
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“D'après le Kieou T'ang chou (chap. IV, p. 4 v°), la première année hien-k'ing (656), au huitième mois, « le général en chef des gardes de gauche, Tch'eng Tche-tsie, combattit à Yu-mou-kou contre des subordonnés de Ho-lou [21], à savoir le hie (-li)-fa Houo-ts'e des Ko-lo-lou (Karlouk), le se-kin Yu-tche des Tch'ou-yue, et d' autres : il leur fit essuyer une grande défaite, coupa plus de mille tê”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kieou T'ang chou (chap. IV, p. 4 v°)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“L'encyclopédie Tch'e fou yuen koei (chap. 964, p. 8 r°) dit à ce sujet : « La sixième année yong-hoei (655), (l'empereur) envoya un fonctionnaire des rites chez les Tou-kiue occidentaux pour conférer par brevet à Hie pi ta-tou chad [22]le titre de kagan «. L'auteur ajoute en note : « Hie pi ta-tou chad [22] était le fils de Tou-leou kagan [18]. Au début, il avait le titre de Tchen-tcheu che-hou [”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Tch'e fou yuen koei (chap. 964, p. 8 r°)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Cet événement est rappelé dans le chapitre III (p. 8 r°) du Kieou T'ang chou en ces termes : La 22e année tcheng koan (648), le 2e mois, au jour koei-tch'eou, « le Barbare d'occident, Cha-po-lo Che-hou, à la tête de son peuple vint se soumettre ; son se-kin K'iu-p'ei-lou fut nommé général « loyal et guerrier « et en même temps grand se-kin «.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kieou T'ang chou
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Yen-jan était proprement le nom d'une montagne ; c'est là que, en 90 av. J. C., le général Li Koang-li fut battu par les Hion-nou et se rendit à l'ennemi (Ts'ien Han chou, chap. XCIV, a, p. 12 r° ; ce texte nous apprend d'ailleurs que la montagne Yen-jan se trouvait dans le territoire appelé Sou-sie-ou, C'est encore sur la montagne Yen jan que, en 89 ap. J. C., le général Teou Hien fit élever une”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ts'ien Han chou, chap. XCIV, a, p. 12 r°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Heou Han chou (chap. LIII, p. 7 r°)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“c'est ainsi que dans le Soei-chou, chap. II, p. 7 r°, cette ville est appelée Heng-ngan, et que, dans le chap. LII, p. 2 v°, elle apparaît d'abord sous le nom de Heng-ngan, et ensuite sous celui de Tch'ang-ngan.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Soei-chou, chap. II, p. 7 r°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites chap. LII, p. 2 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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- Not matched
In the paper
“Heng-ngan n'est pas mentionnée dans le dictionnaire de Li Tchao-lo.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites dictionnaire de Li Tchao-lo
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“nous savons seulement que, lorsque, en 611, Tch'ou-lo kagan se rendit en Chine pour n'en plus revenir, les Tou-kiue occidentaux le remplacèrent par Che-koei kagan, petit-fils de Ta-t'eou”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“elle ne comprend en effet que le Tokharestan et les pays qui en dépendaient au Sud”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“en 656, Sou Ting-fang fut un des officiers supérieurs sous les ordres de Tch'eng Tche-tsie et arriva avec lui dans la vallée de Yng-so”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kieou Tang chou
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Tang chou
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Quand on examine de près cette liste des seize Gouvernements des contrées d'Occident, on voit qu'elle n'est qu'une partie d'une liste plus étendue”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“T'ai-chang-hoang est le titre qui avait été conféré par l'empereur T'ai-tsong à son père, l'empereur Kao-tsou, après que celui-ci eut abdiqué en sa faveur le 4 septembre 626 ; le T'ai-chang-hoang mourut le 25 Juin 635”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gaubil, Abrégé de l'histoire de la grande dynastie Tang, dans Mémoires concernant les Chinois ; vol. XV, p. 435 et p. 445
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Cette date est celle qui est indiquée dans le Kieou T'ang chou (voyez plus haut, p. 27, lignes 21-24). D'après le Tch'e fou yuen koei (chap. 964, p. 2 r°), l'ambassade de Lieou Chan-yn eut lieu le huitième mois de la sixième année tcheng-koan (632).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kieou T'ang chou
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Tch'e fou yuen koei (chap. 964, p. 2 r°)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“elle ne traite d'aucune des régions de la Sogdiane et du Ferghânah qui furent cependant elles aussi incorporées”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Tous les autres textes écrivent Heng-tou.”
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“En 648.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✗ Asserted: fails✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“En 659 ; cf. p. 38, lignes 14-15.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 38, lignes 14-15
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Une note du Tse tche t'ong kien (chap. CCII, p. 9 r°, 10e mois de l'année 679) nous dit, à propos des mots […] que A-che-té est le nom de famille du personnage dont le nom personnel est Wen-fou ; quant à Fong-tche, c'est aussi le nom personnel du chef d'une tribu. On voit ainsi que Fong-tche est bien un nom d'homme.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Tse tche t'ong kien (chap. CCII, p. 9 r°, 10e mois de l'année 679)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“le T'ang chou (chap. XLIII, b, p. 6 r°) commence l'énumération des gouvernements de la manière suivante : 1° Gouv. de Fou-yen (tribu des Tch'ou-mou-koen) ; 2° Gouv. de Ou-lou (tribus Souo-ko et Mo-ho des Tou-k'i-che ; 3° Gouv. de Hie-chan (tribu A-li-che des Tou-k'i-che) ; 4° Gouv. de Choang-ho (tribu des Che-cho-t'i) ; 5° Gouv. de Yng-so, etc.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou (chap. XLIII, b, p. 6 r°)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“La vingt-septième année k'ai-yuen (739), le septième mois, « le Protecteur de Pei-t'ing (Bichbalik), Kai Kia-yun, attaqua à l'improviste avec de la cavalerie légère les Tou-k'i-che auprès de la ville de Soei-che (Tokmak) et tua Sou-lou…. Cette même année, Kai Kia-yun fit essuyer une grande défaite au peuple des Tou-k'i-che ; il fit prisonnier leur roi T'ou-ho-sien et l'envoya à la capitale ».”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kieou T'ang chou, chap. IX, p. 2 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“A la date de la vingt-quatrième année k'ai-yuen (736), le Kieou T'ang chou dit que, pendant le premier mois, Kai Kia-yun, Protecteur de Pei-t'ing, se mit à la tête de ses soldats, attaqua les Tou-k'i-(che) et les battit.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kieou T'ang chou
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Dans cette même notice, on voit que, en 696, les Tibétains proposèrent à la Chine de partager avec elle le territoire des dix tribus, c. à d. des Tou-kiue occidentaux ; la Chine aurait eu les cinq tribus Tou-lou et les Tibétains auraient eu les cinq tribus Nou-che-pi. Cette proposition ne fut pas agréée.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou, chap. CCXVI, a, p. 4 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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- Not matched
In the paper
“La biographie de P'ei Hing-kien (T'ang chou, chap. CVIII, p. 3 r°) fournit quelques détails sur ces événements”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou, chap. CVIII, p. 3 r°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“En 692, lit-on dans la notice sur le Tibet (T'ang chou, chap. CCXVI, a, p. 4 v°), le chef tibétain Pou-luen-tsan, allié au pseudo-kagan des Tou-kiue, A-che-na T'oei-tse, fit une invasion par le sud ; il combattit contre (Wang) Hiao-Kie à Ling-ts'iuen, fut battu et se retira. Le commissaire chargé de gouverner Soei-che (Tokmak), Han Se-tchong, détruisit la ville de Ni-chou-mo-se.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou, chap. CCXVI, a, p. 4 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Ce chef, nommé Baga tarkan avait le titre de kul tchour des Tch'ou-mou-koen, et c'est ce titre qu'on retrouve dans le nom de Kourçoul que lui donne Tabarî 3.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Tabarî
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Tougschâda demande que l'empereur ordonne”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“les Arabes ; il souhaite que la Chine lui fasse rendre justice et promet en retour”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“de monter fidèlement la garde à la porte occidentale de l'empire.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 203-205
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“après que les Karlouk, les Ouigours et les Basmal coalisés eurent mis fin en 744 à l'empire des Turcs septentrionaux, les Ouigours s'arrogèrent le pouvoir dans l'Est et s'établirent à Kara-balgassoun sur la rive gauche de l'Orkhon”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Pour justifier ses prétentions, il exposait quelle était”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“la puissance de son frère, suzerain des rois du Zâboulistân et du Kapiça”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“commandant chacun à deux cent mille cavaliers et soldats, suzerain aussi des”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 200-202
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
In the paper
“A la suite de ce succès, huit royaumes, parmi lesquels les Arabes, Tachkend, Samarkand et le Kapiça, envoyèrent des ambassadeurs pour demander à se soumettre. C'est sans doute alors que l'empereur conféra à Bagatour toudoun le titre de roi de Tachkend”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 141, lignes 8-11
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“c'est à titre de suzerain qu'il intervint dans leurs affaires et mit à mort en 711 5 leur kagan Souo-ko qui avait succédé en 706 à son père Ou-tche-le 6.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ces deux chefs purent prendre part à des expéditions dirigées contre les Turcs occidentaux ; ils ne les gouvernèrent jamais effectivement.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“en 88 de l'hégire (707 ap. J.-C.), le général arabe Qotaïba avait soumis la ville de Noumeschkath, capitale du Boukhârâ, lorsque, en s'en revenant à Merw, il fut attaqué par les Turcs ; ses soldats remportèrent la victoire après un combat acharné”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Tabarî persan, trad. Zotenberg, tome IV, p. 162-163
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“au printemps de l'année 712, Qotaïba vint assiéger dans Samarkand le roi Ghourek (Ou-le-kia des Chinois) qui avait été mis sur le trône en”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“Ghourek implora l'appui du roi de Tachkend et du prince de Ferghânah ainsi que du kagan 2 ; celui-ci envoya une troupe d'élite sous les ordres d'un fils du kagan ; mais ce corps d'armée fut détruit et Samarkand dut capituler”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Tabarî, trad. Zotenberg, t. IV, p. 181-182
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pou-tchen [24] calomnia Mi-che [23] qui fut mis à mort sur le champ.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“En 677, le commissaire impérial P'ei Hing-kien, sous couleur d'aller restaurer le prétendant Sassanide, se rendait dans son pays et le faisait prisonnier par surprise près de Tokmak.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“les Karlouk, de leur côté, se proclamèrent maîtres de l'Occident”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Au printemps de l'année 719, Tou-sa (Tougschâda) po-t'i, roi de Ngan”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“(Boukhârâ), Na-lo-yen (Nârâyana), roi de Kiu-mi (Koumedh = Karategin) et”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“Ou-le-kia (Ghourek), roi de K'ang (Samarkand), vinrent en même temps”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 203-205
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Si l'empereur n'envoya pas aussitôt une armée contre les Arabes, du moins”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“encouragea-t-il ceux qui les combattaient ; le quatrième mois de l'année 720, il”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“chargea des émissaires d'aller conférer aux rois d'Ou-tch'ang (Oudyâna),”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 129, lignes 4-9 et n. 2
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites p. 165, lignes 10-12
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mais, en 690 2, Hou-che-lo [28] harassé par les attaques des Turcs septentrionaux dut venir se réfugier à Tch'ang-ngan où se trouvait déjà Yuen - k'ing [27].”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Wang Fang-i éleva alors des fortifications à Tokmak 5 .”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“En cette année, si nous nous en référons aux historiens”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“chinois 1, les Arabes et les Tibétains avaient nommé roi de Ferghânah un certain”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“A-leao-ta ; le souverain légitime était venu se réfugier à Koutcha et avait demandé l'app”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 148, n. 3
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sur l'avis de Kouo Yuen-tchen, on déclina ces offres 4.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“les Tibétains proposèrent en 696 un arrangement : la Chine aurait évacué la Kachgarie et aurait donné aux Tibétains les cinq tribus Nou-che-pi, c'est-à-dire l'Issyk-koul et les bassins des rivières p.282 Tchou et Talas ; en échange, elle aurait eu en toute propriété les cinq tribus Tou-lou, c'est-à-dire la vallée de l'Ili et le nord du T'ien chan.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“au trône que les Turgäch avaient attiré les Arabes et les Tibétains à l'attaque”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“des Quatre Garnisons (Kachgarie), que déjà les villes de Po-hoan (Yaka-aryk) et”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“de Ta-che (Aksou) étaient assiégées, et que lui-même avait envoyé les trois”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“puisque, en 748, le général Wang Tcheng-kien s'emparait de Tokmak et y élevait un temple du Grand nuage 1.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Ne pouvant écraser Sou-lou, elle tenta de le gagner par des faveurs ; elle lui conféra des titres en 718 et en 719, et lui donna en mariage en 722 la fille d'A-che-na Hoai-tao [30], ce qui légitimait en quelque manière son autorité.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“on dit que l'ennemi qu'ils vainquirent ainsi avec l'aide de Dieu, fut Kourenghâboun (?), neveu de l'empereur de la”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“Chine, qui était venu les attaquer avec deux cent”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“le hommes » 3.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Tabarî persan, trad. Zotenberg, tome IV, p. 162-163
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
In the paper
“Il fut assassiné en 738 par un chef des tribus qui s'appelaient les tribus jaunes, en opposition aux tribus de Sou-lou qui étaient les tribus noires (les Kara-Turgäch des inscriptions de Koscho-Tsaïdam).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Koscho-Tsaïdam inscriptions
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Il avait deux résidences, l'une à Tokmak, sur le territoire des Nou-che pi, l'autre à Kong-yue, au nord de l'Ili, sur le territoire des Tou-lou 1.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“En 692, les Chinois reprirent les Quatre Garnisons”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“les Turcs, dès qu'ils furent leurs voisins, devinrent leurs pires ennemis”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“c'est parce que la Perse refusa de leur rien acheter qu'ils l'attaquèrent.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“en 630, Hiuen-tsang parcourut le monde turc du nord au sud pour aller chercher dans la terre sainte du Bouddhisme les enseignements qui devaient ranimer et épurer la foi chinoise, et ce fut grâce à l'appui de Che-hou kagan qu'il put atteindre l'Indus sans encombre.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Il fallut cependant encore près d'un siècle aux Arabes pour absorber la Transoxane et le Tokharestan.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“En 677, le prétendant au trône Sassanide, Pîroûz, pourchassé par les Arabes, vint se réfugier à Tch'ang-ngan et obtint l'autorisation d'y établir un temple persan, c'est-à-dire sans doute un temple consacré au culte du feu 2.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“dès que les triomphes des Chinois, de 657 à 659, eurent abattu la puissance des kagans, elles s'éparpillèrent de nouveau et n'eurent plus de lien commun.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“il est cependant bien certain qu'aucun monument littéraire digne de ce nom ne nous est resté d'eux”
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ils attisèrent la vieille inimitié de Byzance contre Ctésiphon et profitèrent du conflit durable qu'ils avaient ainsi fait naître pour s'approprier toutes les principautés échelonnées de l'Oxus à l'Indus.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Après que Ta-lo pien (des Tou-kiue septentrionaux) eut été fait prisonnier par Tch'ou-lo-heou en l'an 587, les Tou-kiue occidentaux donnent le pouvoir à Ni-li kagan [5].”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Les ouvrages géographiques chinois que nous citons le plus souvent dans notre commentaire des itinéraires sont : 1° le Si yu choei tao ki dont l'auteur est un certain Siu Song, appellation Sing-po, qui publia son livre vers 1823 ; 2° le Si yu t'ou tche, composé en 1762 par une commission d'érudits”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Si yu choei tao ki
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Si yu t'ou tche
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On identifie Yen-k'i avec Harachar”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“T'ong che-hou [8] a pour fils : Ta-tou chad [12] 4 ; — et Tie-li tegin, appelé aussi I-p'i-po-lo Se che-hou kagan [13].”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Tou-lou kagan [18] fait tuer Che-hou kagan [20] en 641 et règne seul”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“En 638, l'empire de Tie-li-che se divise ; lui-même en garde une moitié ; l'autre moitié est gouvernée par Tou-lou kagan [18].”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“En 657, il fut battu par les Chinois, mais il ne fut fait prisonnier qu'en 658.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Boumin, qu'ils appellent Tou-men, et Istämi, qu'ils appellent Che-He-mi, étaient deux frères, fils d'un certain Tou-ou qui eut le titre de grand jabgou (T'ang chou, chap. CCXV, b, p. 2 v°).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou, chap. CCXV, b, p. 2 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Thomsen, Inscrip. de l'Orkhon, p. 97
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“quand le royaume de K'ieou-tse était encore indépendant, c'est à dire avant 648, le roi avait pour capitale la ville de I-lo-lou, qui s'appuyait au nord à la montagne A-kie-t'ien qu'on appelle aussi montagne blanche.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou (chap. CCXXI, a, p. 8 r°)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“c'est le désert sablonneux de Hosol.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Si yu choei tao ki, II, p. 14 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Tombés sous la suprématie de la Chine, plus tard attaqués par les Tou-kiue septentrionaux, ils cessent de jouer un rôle politique important et finissent par être complètement évincés par les Karlouks vers le milieu du VIIIe siècle.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Kia-na chad [16] a pour fils : Pi-ho-tou che-hou, appelé aussi I-p'i cha-po-lo che-hou kagan [20].”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Celui-ci a pour successeur son fils, Tch'ou-lo kagan [10] qui vient se réfugier en Chine en l'an 611.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I-p'i tou-lou kagan [18] a pour fils : Hie-pi ta-tou-chad, appelé aussi Tchen-tchou che-hou [22].”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ni-li kagan [5] a pour fils : Ta-man, appelé aussi Tch'ou-lo kagan ou Ho-sa-na [10]; — Kiue ta-tou chad, appelé aussi K'iue kagan ou T'ou-ou kouo-pa kiue kagan [11].”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ces deux routes sont celles qui furent habituellement suivies par les voyageurs et par les armées et qui mirent en relations pacifiques ou guerrières la Chine et les Tou-kiue occidentaux”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hoai-tao [30] a pour fils : A-che-na Hin [31].”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mo-ho chad [9] a pour fils : Ni-chou, appelé aussi T'oen-a-leou-pa hi-li-pi tou-lou kagan [14] ; — T'ong-ngo chad, appelé aussi Cha-po-lo tie-li-che kagan [15] ; — Kia-na chad [16] 5 ; — Pou-li chad, qu'on peut identifier avec I-pou-li chad che-koei tegin Kie-yue [17].”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Le premier décrit la route méridionale qui passait au sud du T'ien-chan, traversait cette chaîne de montagnes à la passe Bédel, arrivait à Tokmak, au sud de la rivière Tchou et aboutissait à Aoulie-ata, sur la rivière Talas.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ta-t'eou kagan [2] s'enfuit en 603 chez les T'ou-yu-hoen.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ce dernier vint se réfugier auprès de Ta-t'eou et c'est à partir de ce moment, que les Tou-kiue occidentaux prirent une existence politique indépendante”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Boumin est l'ancêtre des kagans des Tou-kiue septentrionaux ou orientaux ; Istämi est l'ancêtre des kagans des Tou-kiue occidentaux.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hou-che-lo [28] a pour fils : A-che-na Hoai-tao [30].”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“mais, en 642, l'empereur de Chine confère l'investiture à I-p'i che-koei kagan [25] ; Tou-lou kagan [18] s'enfuit dans le Tokharestan ; il meurt en 653.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Celui-ci ne tarde pas à l'emporter et à être seul kagan ; mais, détesté par son peuple, il doit s'enfuir et a pour successeur Tou-lou kagan [14].”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Celui-ci paraît avoir eu un règne fort court ; il a pour successeur T'ong che-hou kagan [8], qui meurt en 630 1.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hiuen-tsang
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Tou-lou kagan meurt en 634 et a pour successeur Tie-li-che kagan [15].”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Se fa paraît être une abréviation fautive du titre se-li fa”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hirth, Nachworte..., p. 110
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Kiu-lan est la Kulan des Arabes et devait se trouver près de Tarty.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“la route normale fait le tour du lac par le nord, comme on peut le voir sur la carte russe à 40 verstes (carte III) ; au sud du lac, il n'y a que des passages difficiles et peu fréquentés”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“C'est la rivière Tsing qui se jette dans l'Ebi nor (Si yu choei tao ki, chap. III, p. 40 v°).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Si yu choei tao ki, chap. III, p. 40 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Quant à la rivière Se-hoen qui se trouve au sud de la ville de Po-hoan, le Si yu choei tao ki (II, p. 7 r°) et le Si yu t'ou tche p.9 (XXVII, p. 8 v°) s'accordent pour l'identifier avec le Tarim ; il ne faudrait donc pas prendre au pied de la lettre l'expression que la ville est voisine de la rivière.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Si yu choei tao ki (II, p. 7 r°)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Si yu t'ou tche (XXVII, p. 8 v°)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“En effet, Boumin kagan, ancêtre des Tou-kiue septentrionaux, et Istämi kagan, ancêtre des Tou-kiue occidentaux, sont tous deux fils du grand jabgou T'ou-ou (T'ang chou, chap. CCXV, b, p. 2 v°).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou, chap. CCXV, b, p. 2 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Ce texte identifie donc nettement la ville de Po-hoan avec le royaume de Pa-lou-kia dont il est question dans Hiuen-tsang”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Hiuen-tsang
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yang-sou tegin doit avoir été un fils de Ta-t'eou kagan ; cf. p. 3, n. 2.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Immédiatement après avoir traversé la rivière Tsing, la route tourne vers le sud et franchit les montagnes Iren-chabirgan par la passe de la montagne Teng-nou-l-t'ai (Si yu choei tao ki, chap. III, p. 40 v°).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Si yu choei tao ki, chap. III, p. 40 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“comme Pei-t'ing, auquel il est identique, il se trouvait à quelque distance à l'ouest de Goutchen.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“au nord-ouest du poste militaire de Kourtou-kara-oussou, qui se trouve sur la p.13 branche la plus occidentale du Kara-oussou, on passe par le poste militaire de T'o-to-k'o ; là, le chemin traverse des fourrés de roseaux dont les tiges ont la hauteur d'un homme ; plus au nord-ouest, ce ne sont que des dunes de sable à travers lesquelles il est difficile de marcher.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Si yu choei tao ki, chap. III, p. 40 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Il semble que la rupture définitive se soit produite en l'an 581 et ait été amenée par les intrigues chinoises”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Julien, documents p. 37, lignes 1-4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Ce doit être la rivière Ajak-tach (cartes I et III) qui peut être considérée comme le haut cours du Sir-daria ; il est hors de doute maintenant que le nom de rivière Tchen-tchou (vraie perle) désigne le Sir-daria ou Yaxartes”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Marquart, Chronologie, p. 5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Hirth, Nachworte, p. 81
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“D'après le Si yu choei tao ki, chap. III, p. 40 r°, la rivière Hei serait le Kara-oussou ; le poste militaire de la rivière Hei correspondrait donc à Kour-kara-oussou.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Si yu choei tao ki, chap. III, p. 40 r°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Le voyageur, partant d'Aksou, passait par Outch-Tourfan, remontait le cours de la petit rivière Oui-tal et traversait les montagnes à la passe Bédel (carte I et carte III) qui, d'après une observation barométrique de Pievtsof (Troudy tibetskoi expeditsii, 1895, tome I, p. 405), est à 4224 mètres au-dessus du niveau de la mer.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Pievtsof (Troudy tibetskoi expeditsii, 1895, tome I, p. 405)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Thomsen (Inscriptions de l'Orkhon, p. 152) et Hirth (Nachworte..., p. 34, note) identifient le mont Tou-kin avec le mont Ou-té-kien, l'Ötukän des inscriptions turques, qui paraît être la partie des monts Hangai dans laquelle le Tamir et l'Orkhon prennent leur source.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Thomsen, Inscriptions de l'Orkhon, p. 152
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Hirth, Nachworte..., p. 34, note
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“la ville de Po-hoan, qu'on appelle aussi ville de Wei -jong, ou arrondissement de Kou-mo et qui est voisine au sud de la rivière Se-hoen.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“en 654, le général chinois Sou Ting fang attaqua les Chou-ni-che, tribu soumise au kagan Ho-lou [21], dans la vallée de Yng-so. Après la défaite du kagan Ho-lou [21] en 657, les Chinois firent du territoire de la tribu Chou-ni-che Tch'ou-pan le Gouvernement de Yng-so.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou, chap. CCXV, b, 6 r° et 6 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“J'adopte cette seconde manière de voir (qui n'est pas celle de Richthofen, China, vol. I. Tafel 9) pour les raisons suivantes”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Richthofen, China, vol. I. Tafel 9
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“La vallée de Yng-so était bien au nord de Koutcha, car on l'identifie d'une manière certaine avec la vallée du Jouldouz”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Si yu choei tao Ici, chap. II, p. 20 r°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Si yu t'ou tche, chap. XII, p. 10 r° et chap. XXVI, p. 7 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On voit qu'il ne s'agit pas ici de la route de Tourfan à Ouroumtsi par la passe Dabanchan (carte II), mais d'une route plus orientale qui, partant de Tourfan, aboutirait près de Goutchen.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“M. W. Barthold (Die Alttürkischen Inschriften und die Arabischen Quellen, p. 17, note 7) a identifié la ville de A-che-pou-lai avec Achpara des itinéraires arabes ; c'est aujourd'hui Tchaldy-war, sur la rivière Achpara.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites M. W. Barthold (Die Alttürkischen Inschriften und die Arabischen Quellen, p. 17, note 7)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Le Si yu choei tao ki (chap. III, p. 25 r°) identifie cette ville avec celle de Mo-ho dans laquelle résidait A-che-na Ho-lou ; elle devait se trouver au nord des monts Bogdo, à l'ouest de la localité actuelle de Choang-fen-ho-pao, et à 190 li à l'est de la sous-préfecture actuelle de Feou-k'ang.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Si yu choei tao ki, chap. III, p. 25 r°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“L'armée des T'ang avait cédé devant les troupes de Sang Hien-ho et commençait déjà à se débander quand l'heureuse initiative de Ta-nai fit changer de camp la victoire.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Si on lit attentivement ce qui suit, on voit qu'il y a certainement ici une erreur. Tou-lou eut le territoire à l'est (et non à l'ouest) de la rivière I-li et Tie-li-che eut le territoire à l'ouest (et non à l'est) de ce cours d'eau.”
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“M. Schlegel (la stèle funéraire du téghin Giogh, p. 32) place cette tribu près de la rivière Talas et du Lop-nor, deux régions qui ne sont guère voisines ; il y a là deux grosses erreurs”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites M. Schlegel (la stèle funéraire du téghin Giogh, p. 32)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“L'identification de la vallée de To-lo-se avec la vallée de l'Irtych noir est confirmée par un passage de la biographie de Wang Tchong-se (T'ang chou, chap. CXXXIII, p. 5 r°) où nous voyons ce général allié aux Pa-si-mi (Basmal), aux Ko-lo-lou (Karlouk) et aux Hoei-ho (Ouigours), attaquer la ville de To-lo-se, puis franchir la rivière Koen pour aller attaquer et mettre à mort Ou-sou-mi-che kagan,”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou, chap. CXXXIII, p. 5 r°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“La tribu des Tch'ou-yue à l'époque des T'ang constituait l'arrondissement de Kin-man et se trouvait dans (le protectorat de) Pei-t'ing ; aujourd'hui, c'est la région à l'est d'Ouroumtsi et au nord du Bogdo oula.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Si yu t'ou tche (chap. XXI, p. 4 v°)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Mais lorsqu'il arriva que (Kouo) Hiao-k'o le poursuivit et le défit, (Kouo Hiao-k'o) commença par s'emparer de la ville des Tch'ou-yue et ensuite atteignit la montagne Ngo-souo ; ainsi la montagne Ngo-souo était certainement à l'ouest des Tch'ou-yue ; c'est l'actuel Katoun Bogdo oula”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Si yu t'ou tche
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Quant à la cour du nord, il est plus difficile d'en déterminer la situation ; on ne peut cependant hésiter qu'entre deux emplacements dont l'un serait aux environs de la ville actuelle de Kouldja, tandis que l'autre serait dans le voisinage du lac Ebi-nor.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Cette montagne Ngo-souo devait se trouver dans le massif des monts Katoun, à plus de 300 li à l'ouest d'Ouroumtsi.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Si yu t'ou tche (chap. XXI, p. 4 v°)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Le texte donne la leçon Tch'ou-choei-koen ; mais il est clair qu'il faut corriger le caractère [] choei en [] mou.”
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Un texte de la notice du T'ang chou (chap. CCXVII, b, p. 3 r°) sur les Sie-yen-t'o dit que Che-hou [8] mourut la 2e année tcheng-koan (628) ; mais ce témoignage est en désaccord avec celui de Hiuen-tsang qui vit en personne Che-hou kagan vers le commencement de l'année 630 (vie de Hiuen-tsang, trad. Julien, p. 55). Che-hou kagan n'a donc pu mourir qu'en l'an 630.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou (chap. CCXVII, b, p. 3 r°)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Hiuen-tsang
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites vie de Hiuen-tsang, trad. Julien, p. 55
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“les Tch'ou-mi demeuraient sur les bords de la rivière Manas, c'est-à-dire à l'ouest d'Ouroumtsi ; les Tch'ou-yue étaient à l'est d'Ouroumtsi, sur l'emplacement de l'arrondissement de Kin-man, qui était près de Goutchen et qui devint plus tard le siège du Protectorat de Pei-t'ing”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Itinéraire II, p. 11
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Les cinq tribus Tou-leou sont identiques aux cinq tribus Tou-lou dont il a été question plus haut (cf. p. 34, lignes 3-8).”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“L'identification du Si yu t'ou tche chap. XXVI, p. 4 r° et v°) qui place cette rivière au nord-est du lac Issyk-koul, me paraît reposer sur un raisonnement plus que fragile. La position de ce cours d'eau reste donc incertaine.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Si yu t'ou tche chap. XXVI, p. 4 r° et v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mais à la date à laquelle nous reporte notre texte, c'est-à-dire près d'un siècle auparavant, il est probable que les Pa-si-mi avaient un habitat un peu différent, car la région de Pei-t'ing était alors occupée par les Tch'ou-yue”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“La tribu Tch'ou-mi résidait à l'ouest des Tch'ou-yue, à gauche et à droite du Manas gol (ou rivière de Manas) ; elle devait être au nord des monts Katoun Bogdo oula.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Si yu t'ou tche (chap. XXI, p. 4 v°)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Le Si yu t'ong wen tche (chap. I, p. 14 r°) place les Pa-si-mi à Narin-h'opog ; cette localité, que je ne vois marquée sur aucune carte devait se trouver sur les bords de la rivière H'opog, à l'Est de Tchougoutchak. Il est vraisemblable que c'est de là que vinrent les Pa-si-mi pour occuper au commencement du VIIIe siècle la région de Bichbalik.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Si yu t'ong wen tche (chap. I, p. 14 r°)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“D'après le T'ang chou, chap. CCXVII, b, p. 6 r°, les Ko-lo-lou (Karlouk) demeuraient au nord-ouest de Pei-t'ing (près de Goutchen) et à l'ouest du Kin-chan (Altai). Ceci ne peut guère s'entendre que s'ils étaient établis sur les bords de la rivière Ouroungou qui se jette dans le lac Kysyl-bach *, appelé aussi lac Ouroungou”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou, chap. CCXVII, b, p. 6 r°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“L'inscription de Bilgä kagan, érigée en 735, sans parler expressément des victoires que ce chef remporta, avant d'être devenu kagan, sur les Tou-kiue occidentaux, mentionne ses campagnes en Sogdiane, contre les Basmal et contre les Turgäch.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Marquart, Die Chronologie..., p. 53
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“L'armée de Siao Se-ye avait dû prendre la route du Sud (cf. Itinéraire I) afin de couper la retraite à Ho-lou ; Ts'ien-ts'iuen était à 150 li à l'est d'Aoulie-ata.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Itinéraire I
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Au lieu de Hou-lou-kiu, le T'ang chou écrit Hou-lou-ou ; c'est l'orthographe Hou-lou-ou qui doit être correcte, car c'est elle qu'on retrouve partout ailleurs et même dans le Kieou T'ang chou, chap. LXXXIII, p. 3 r°.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Kieou T'ang chou, chap. LXXXIII, p. 3 r°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Le neuvième mois de la même année, Tch'eng Tche-tsie livra bataille à Tie-yun [26], fils de Ho-lou [21], coupa plusieurs milliers de têtes et s'avança jusqu'à la ville de Heng-tou (le T'ang chou écrit Tan-tou). Il faut croire cependant que les prétendus succès de Tch'eng Tche-tsie laissèrent à désirer, car il fut dégradé dans le douzième mois de cette même année 656.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kieou T'ang chou
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Che Hoai-tao n'est autre que A-che-na Hoai-tao, à qui la cour de Chine avait conféré le nom de famille Che.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Il n'est donc point surprenant de voir dans notre texte que K'i-pi Ho-li fut mis à la tête de 50,000 cavaliers ouigours ; ces cavaliers étaient sans doute ceux de ses compatriotes dont il était le chef.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Il résulte d'ailleurs du texte même que nous traduisons, que A-che-na Hien [29] ne fut qu'un souverain nominal et resta jusqu'à sa mort à la cour de Chine”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“L'arrondissement de T'ing est ce qui fut plus tard le centre du Protectorat de Pei-t'ing ; il se trouvait donc près de Goutchen”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Comme, quelques lignes plus loin, nous retrouvons Ho-lou près de la rivière Tchou, il est clair qu'il traversa la rivière I-li du nord au sud ; les armées chinoises avaient donc dû l'attaquer en passant par la route du nord (cf. Itinéraire II), et c'est vraisemblablement dans la région de la Borotala qu'il essuya sa première défaite.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Itinéraire II
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Dans la biographie de K'i-pi Ho-li (Kieou T'ang chou, chap. CIX ; T'ang chou, chap. CX), nous lisons que ce personnage était d'origine T'ie-le (Tölös). K'i-pi était donc le nom de la tribu à laquelle il appartenait, car les K'i-pi sont mentionnés au nombre des tribus qui constituaient le peuple des Tölös, lequel fut connu plus tard sous le nom de Ouigours (T'ang chou, chap. CCXVII, a, p. 1 r°).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kieou T'ang chou, chap. CIX
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou, chap. CX
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou, chap. CCXVII, a, p. 1 r°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Les Tou-k'i-che (Turgäch) étaient à l'origine une des cinq tribus Tou-lou : cf. p. 34. n. 6.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 34. n. 6
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“D'autre part, le Yu ti yao lan (ouvrage géographique cité dans le T'ong kien kang mou, 3e année tcheng-ho de Han Ou ti), place Yen-jan sur le territoire de l'ancienne préfecture de Siuen-té, qui était au nord-est de la ville préfectorale actuelle de Cho-p'ing. Ces deux indications concordent donc entre elles.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Yu ti yao lan
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A l'époque dont il est ici question, Ngan-si n'est plus Tourfan (cf. p. 7 ; lignes 11-15 et p. 8, lignes 5-9) ; c'est Koutcha.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 7 ; lignes 11-15
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites p. 8, lignes 5-9
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Il n'était point rare que le nom de la tribu devint comme le nom de famille du chef ; c'est ainsi que le chef, d'origine Tou-k'i-che (Turgäch), Ko-chou Han, était ainsi appelé parce qu'il appartenait à la tribu Ko-chou.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kieou T'ang chou, chap. CIV, p. 4 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cha-po-lo est le nom que prit Ho-lou [21], comme on le verra à la page suivante ; Che-hou (jabgou) est le titre de tous les kagan des Tou-kiue occidentaux.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Les cinq tribus Nou-che-pi, étant plus occidentales, ont été fort mal connues des Chinois et nous ne pouvons les localiser en aucune manière.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Me tch'ouo (Kapagan kagan) régna de 692 à 716 ; il eut pour successeur son neveu Me-ki-lien (Bilgä kagan) qui régna de 716 à 734.”
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In the paper
“Ce kul tchour semble d'ailleurs n'être autre que Tie-yun [26], fils de Ho-lou [21]. On lit en effet dans le Kieou T'ang chou (chap. IV, p. 5 v°) que, la troisième année hien-k'ing (658), « Sou Ting-fang attaqua et battit Cha-po-lo kagan Ho-lou [21] et le kul tchour Tie-yun, des Tou-kiue occidentaux ».”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kieou T'ang chou (chap. IV, p. 5 v°)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Dans la p. 8, ligne 6, le transfert du protectorat de Ngan-si à Kao-tch'ang est assigné à l'année 657 sur la foi du chap. XL (p. 30 r°) du Kieou T'ang chou ; mais cette date serait l'année 651 d'après le chap. IV (p. 2 v°) du même ouvrage.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kieou T'ang chou, chap. XL, p. 30 r°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Kieou T'ang chou, chap. IV, p. 2 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Ni-li kagan mourut vraisemblablement en 603 (cf. p. 51, n. 1) et eut pour successeur son fils Tch'ou-lo kagan (Ho-sa-na) qui vint se réfugier en 611 à la cour de Chine.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 51, n. 1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“La rédaction du T'ang chou fait, comme on le voit, une place importante à Ta-t'eou kagan, tandis que ce personnage était entièrement passé sous silence dans les notices que nous avons traduites plus haut du Soei chou et du Kieou T'ang chou.”
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Après la mort de Cha-po-lio et celle de Tch'ou-lo-heou survenues toutes deux en 587, les Tou-kiue septentrionaux eurent deux chefs hostiles l'un à l'autre, à savoir Jen-kan (ou Tou-li kagan), fils de Tch'ou-lo-heou, et Yong-yu-lu (ou Tou-lan kagan), fils de Cha-po-lio.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Il est clair que Tcho-khi khan n'a jamais existé et qu'il s'agit ici de la mort de Mou-han kagan.”
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Ils envoyèrent en 600 une armée qui rencontra Ta-t'eou auprès du mont Ta-kin ; les barbares s'enfuirent sans avoir combattu et on en fit un grand carnage (Soei chou, chap. LXXXIV, p. 5 v° ; Julien, op. cit., p. 75).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Soei chou, chap. LXXXIV, p. 5 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Julien, op. cit., p. 75
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“On voit par là que A-po (ou Ta-lo-pien) ne fut pas véritablement kagan des Tou-kiue occidentaux. C'était Ta-t'eou qui était le chef suprême de ces hordes (cf. p. 13, n. 1).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 13, n. 1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mais ce Ta-tou ne doit pas être confondu avec Ta-t'eou ; il a sans doute vécu avant lui puisqu'il est déjà mentionné dans le Wei-chou.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Mais Cha-po-lio et Tch'ou-lo-heou étant morts tons deux en 587, cette divergence n'a aucune importance.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On voit, d'après ces indications, que l'année de la mort d'un kagan compte à la fois comme la dernière de son règne et comme la première du règne de son successeur.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Dans une autre expédition que les Chinois firent aussi en l'année 600, ils empoisonnèrent les cours d'eau, en sorte que les soldats et les animaux domestiques de Ta-t'eou périrent en grand nombre ; les Tou-kiue, saisis de terreur, et croyant que le Ciel envoyait des pluies funestes pour les perdre s'enfuirent en déroute (Soei-chou, chap. LI, p. 4 v° ; Julien, op. cit., p. 77).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Soei-chou, chap. LI, p. 4 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Julien, op. cit., p. 77
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“à K'o-lo succéda son frère Mou-han (ou Se-kin), qui régna vingt ans (Julien, op. cit., p. 29) et qui dut par conséquent mourir en 572”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Julien, op. cit., p. 29
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Ta-t'eou prit alors le pouvoir et se nomma Pou-kia kagan (Soei chou, chap. LXXXIV, p. 5 v°).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Soei chou, chap. LXXXIV, p. 5 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Le Tch'ang-ngan dont il est ici question n'est pas Si-ngan fou ; ce n'est qu'une autre manière d'écrire le nom de la ville de Heng-ngan”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Soei-chou, chap. II, p. 7 r°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites chap. LII, p. 2 v°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sou-lou était (le chef d') une horde particulière des Tou-k'i-che (Turgäch).”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“En 599, Jen-kan (= Tou-li kagan) s'allie à la Chine, tandis que Yong-yu-lu (= Tou-lan) fait cause commune avec Ta-t'eou ; une armée chinoise sort pour attaquer ces derniers.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“après que Ta-lo-pien eut été fait prisonnier en 587, les Tou-kiue occidentaux avaient mis sur le trône Ni-li kagan”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Il y a ici une erreur évidente puisque Che-koei, à cette époque, était mort. Au lieu de Che-koei, il faut lire Che-pi”
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In the paper
“L'Irtych noir. Cf. p. 32, n. 6.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 32, n. 6
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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- Not matched
In the paper
“Au lieu de Che-koei, lisez T'ong Che-hou ; cf. p. 24, ligne 19.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 24, ligne 19
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Ni-chou était le frère aîné de Tie-li-che kagan ; d'après le Kieou T'ang chou (cf. p. 27, ligne 25), Kia-na chad était le frère cadet de Tie-li-che kagan et, si on accepte cette manière de voir, Ni-chou et Kia-na chad sont deux personnages différents.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kieou T'ang chou (cf. p. 27, ligne 25)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“la mort de Ni-li kagan a donc eu lieu entre 603 et 604, probablement en 603.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Dans le nom de ce kagan, il faut ajouter la syllabe hi avant la syllabe li ; cf. p. 27, ligne 24.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 27, ligne 24
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedSingle caseTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“On a vu plus haut (p. 55, n. 1) que, d'après le T'ang chou, Kia-na chad serait le même personnage que Ni-chou tandis que, d'après le Kieou T'ang chou, il serait son frère cadet.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Kieou T'ang chou
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“[] est peut-être ici l'abréviation de Soei-che ; si cette hypothèse est exacte, il s'agirait ici de la rivière Tchou.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Hou-lou-ou est le nom de la seconde des cinq tribus Tou-lou ; cf. p. 34, n. 4.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 34, n. 4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Il est regrettable que M. Schlegel (T'oung pao, Série II, vol. I, p. 330) ait obscurci ce point parfaitement clair en cherchant sous les caractères Ki-pin le mot sanscrit Kripanin qui n'existe pour ainsi dire pas et qui n'est connu que par un catalogue de mots grammaticaux, d'après le dictionnaire de Böhtlingk.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites M. Schlegel (T'oung pao, Série II, vol. I, p. 330)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites dictionnaire de Böhtlingk
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Le futur T'ai tsong. Cf. p. 22, n. 2.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 22, n. 2
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“De ce que le nom de la montagne Ho-lan signifie « chevaux tachetés » (pouo-ma), il ne s'ensuit pas que le peuple des Pouo-ma demeurât près de cette montagne ; son habitat paraît avoir été plus septentrional.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A 190 li à l'est de la sous-préfecture actuelle de Feou-k'ang. Cf. p. 12, lignes 8-13.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 12, lignes 8-13
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Il n'y a aucune inexactitude dans le texte du T'ang chou ; il n'y a qu'une inadvertance de ma part”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Le Kin-ling se trouvant mentionné entre l'arrondissement de T'ing (près de Goutchen) et le lac Barkoul, devait se trouver entre ces deux points et ne doit donc pas être confondu avec le Kin chan ou Altaï.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Chez Hiuen-tsang (Si yu ki, trad. Julien, tome I, p. 42), et environ un siècle plus tard chez Ou-k'ong (tirage à part, p. 13), nous trouvons deux témoignages parallèles d'après lesquels les rois de cette région avaient coutume de passer l'été dans le Kia-pi-che (Kapiça), dit Hiuen-tsang, dans le Ki-pin, dit Ou-k'ong, tandis que, pendant les saisons plus fraîches, ils séjournaient au Gandhâra ; le”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hiuen-tsang (Si yu ki, trad. Julien, tome I, p. 42)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Ou-k'ong (tirage à part, p. 13)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Il est possible que les Tche-cho-ti soient identiques aux Che-cho-t'i qui étaient une des cinq tribus Tou-lou.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Le Ki pin est le Kapiça à l'époque des T'ang ; c'est le Cachemire à l'époque des Han et des Wei.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“La rivière Che-che dont il est ici question n'est pas la rivière située à l'Est de Kour-kara-oussou (cf. p. 12, ligne 30), mais l'Yaxartes (cf. p. 144, lignes 12-13).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 12, ligne 30
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites p. 144, lignes 12-13
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Les Chou-ni-che étaient une des cinq tribus Tou-lou, et les Pa-sai-kan une des cinq tribus Nou-che-pi ; cf. p. 34, lignes 8 et 11.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 34, lignes 8 et 11
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Le nom de Kao-fou, quoique désignant à l'origine le Kaboul, fut appliqué, par les Chinois de l'époque des T'ang, au Khottal et non au Kaboul.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 276, lignes 25 et suiv.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Fou-yen ou Fou-t'ing est le nom que les Chinois avaient donné au Gouvernement établi sur le territoire des Tch'ou-mou-koen (cf. p. 67, lignes 3-4).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 67, lignes 3-4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ce qui nous détermine à identifier ici la rivière Che-che avec l'Yaxartes, c'est la considération que le chef turc Tou-man, ayant le titre de se-kin, devait être le chef d'une des tribus occidentales Nou-che-pi ; il devait donc se trouver dans la région de l'Yaxartes, et non dans celle de Kour-kara-oussou.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Le titre de Se-kie k'iue se-kin que portait Tou-man (cf. p. 72, n. 4), est aussi écrit Si-kie k'iue se-kin (cf. p. 37, n. 6) et n'est autre que celui du chef de la première des cinq tribus Nou-che-pi, le A-si-kie k'iue se-kin (cf. p. 34, ligne 9).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 72, n. 4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites p. 37, n. 6
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites p. 34, ligne 9
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Quand la Chine se fut proclamée souveraine des immenses régions qui appartenaient aux Turcs occidentaux, elle eut, pendant un bref espace de temps, un prestige incomparable ; à aucune époque elle n'avait semblé aussi grande.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“De ce texte il résulte clairement qu'A-che-té Wen-fou et Fong-tche sont deux personnages distincts et je ne puis me ranger à l'opinion de Hirth (Nachworte zur Inschrift des Tonjukuk, p. 54, n. 1) qui se refuse à voir dans les mots Fong-tche un nom d'homme.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hirth (Nachworte zur Inschrift des Tonjukuk, p. 54, n. 1)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedn = 2Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“D'après les règlements des T'ang, les gardes militaires qui étaient au bas de la salle s'appelaient tchang. Cf. Dict. de K'ang-hi, s. v.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Dict. de K'ang-hi, s. v.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Il n'y a donc pas lieu d'être étonné que le Koudaktou bilik soit écrit en ouigour, car c'est aux Ouigours que les Karlouk étaient politiquement affiliés, bien qu'ils fussent de race Tou-kiue.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Les Kao-kiu étaient ainsi nommés, disent les Chinois, parce qu'ils avaient des chars aux roues élevées. Les Tölös étaient appelés Kao-kiu à l'époque des Yuen Wei (cf. T'ang chou, chap. CCXVII, a, p. 1 r°).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites T'ang chou, chap. CCXVII, a, p. 1 r°
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ainsi finirent les Tou-kiue occidentaux.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ils se trouvèrent ainsi tout voisins de l'ancien pays des Turcs occidentaux, et leurs menées y contrecarrèrent avec persistance celles de la politique impériale.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“La seizième et la vingt-sixième année du Kul-tegin correspondent respectivement aux années 701 et 711 ; c'est donc en 701 et en 711”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Le roi du Zâboulistân avait conquis le”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · hedged
“Kapiça ; il avait sans doute chargé de le gouverner un de ses frères ou un de ses”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“fils ayant le titre de tegin, et c'est pourquoi le roi du Kapiça avait le titre de tegin”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · hedged
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ce qui ressort avec évidence des témoignages que nous venons de citer, c'est, d'une part, que les Turcs qui intervenaient en Sogdiane au commencement du VIIIe siècle étaient des Turcs septentrionaux, et d'autre part, qu'ils furent hors d'état de s'opposer aux progrès des Arabes”
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Encore en cette année 720, le neuvième mois, l'empereur nommait roi”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“du Zâboulistân le hie-li-fa de l'Arokhadj, et roi du Kapiça le tegin de l'Arokhadj”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“L'Arokhadj n'est autre que le Zâboulistân lui-même, et le hie-li-fa de ce pays”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 161, n. 1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs occidentaux fut exercé par Ou-tche-le, chef de cette tribu des Turgäch qui paraît avoir été la plus importante des cinq tribus Tou-lou.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Il est assez facile de discerner quelles furent les raisons de cette abs-”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“tention presque complète de la politique chinoise en occident pendant près d'un”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“demi-siècle.”
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The civil war between Ali and Muawiya from 657 to 661 interrupted the progress of the Arab conquest.
- Rests on an assumption: Arab armies resumed a resolutely aggressive attitude in Central Asia only when Qotaiba's campaigns began in 705.
- Rests on an assumption: From 661 to 705, the principalities of Sogdiana and south of the Oxus enjoyed relative tranquility and did not have to ask China for help.
- Rests on an assumption: Empress Wu's reign from 684 to 705 was too occupied with maintaining her usurped authority to pay much attention to foreign policy.
- Rests on an assumption: The Tibetans occupied Kashgaria from 670 to 692 and thereby cut all Chinese routes to the west through the Pamirs.
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
In the paper
“C'est aussi en 720 que la Chine conféra par brevet le titre de roi au roi du”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“Cachemire Tchandrâpîda 2 . La simultanéité des démarches faites dans le”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“Zâboulistân et le Cachemire n'est pas l'effet du hasard ; elle provient de ce que”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 166
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
In the paper
“Le Tokharestan s'associa-t-il à ces démarches ? La chose est vraisemblable, car le”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“sixième mois de cette même année 719, arrivait à Tch'ang-ngan un”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“ambassadeur de Ti-che (Têsch), roi de Djaghânyân et jabgou du Tokharestan”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites p. 157, n. 5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Il ne fut cependant jamais dévoué sincèrement à l'empire et lui causa souvent des inquiétudes.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Après avoir opposé une fin de non-recevoir aux ouvertures qui lui étaient faites, le gouvernement impérial ne parvint pas à imposer sa volonté.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“L'histoire des Turcs occidentaux se divise, comme on l'a vu, en deux parties à peu près égales ; du milieu du sixième au milieu du septième siècle, ils sont indépendants ; du milieu du septième au milieu du huitième siècle, ils sont livrés aux compétitions des Chinois, des Tibétains, des Arabes et de divers peuples de race turque.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Comme il n'est nullement question à cette date, dans les annales chinoises, d'une expédition dans les contrées d'occident 4 , il est vraisemblable que l'empereur de la Chine dont il est parlé dans ce texte n'est autre que le chef suprême des Turcs ; son neveu serait alors Kul-tegin”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nous comprenons mieux dès lors le”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“rôle important que joua ce pays comme chef de la résistance à l'”
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
“qu'il donnât asile aux derniers représentants de la dynastie sassanide, soit”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Dans les dernières années du VIIe siècle, le pouvoir effectif chez les Turcs · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“La coïncidence de toutes ces dates n'est pas fortuite ; elle prouve que l'existence de l'empire turc d'occident facilita singulièrement les allées et venues des voyageurs d'un bout à l'autre de l'Asie”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“lorsque le kagan suprême manquait d'autorité, ou que quelque chef rival lui contestait le pouvoir, les vieilles rivalités entre les tribus reparaissaient aussitôt”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Aussi cette période n'a-t-elle guère moins d'importance dans l'histoire du mouvement des idées que celle qui l'a précédée.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“c'est grâce à lui que trois grandes religions, le Mazdéisme, le Christianisme et le Bouddhisme, purent, les deux premières s'implanter, et la troisième se vivifier en Chine.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cette impuissance des Turcs occidentaux à rien créer de durable dans l'ordre politique, nous la retrouvons dans l'art et la littérature.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“cet art resta toujours un art barbare où la valeur de la matière était plus importante que le mérite de l'exécution.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“elle nous rappelle que la continuité est la loi de l'univers et qu'il n'est pas d'anneau qu'on puisse ignorer dans la chaîne infinie dont toutes les parties sont solidaires.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“D'une autre manière, les Turcs occidentaux favorisèrent aussi son essor.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pendant ces cent années, les relations diplomatiques provoquées par la nécessité où se trouvaient les pays d'Occident de chercher en Chine un secours contre les Arabes, continuèrent l'œuvre qui s'accomplissait naguère par l'initiative privée des commerçants et des pélerins.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The Chinese historical texts used are reliable enough to support the historical reconstruction.
“D'après le Kieou T'ang chou (chap. V, p. 6, v°), P'ei Hing-kien revint le neuvième mois de l'année 679 avec A-che-na Tou-tche et Li Tche-fou qu'il amenait captifs.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The civil war between Ali and Muawiya from 657 to 661 interrupted the progress of the Arab conquest.
“La guerre civile entre Ali et Mouawia, de 657 à 661, avait”
“rrompu les progrès de la conquête arabe ; les armées des caliphes ne”
The paper relies on this without support.
Arab armies resumed a resolutely aggressive attitude in Central Asia only when Qotaiba's campaigns began in 705.
“reprirent une attitude résolument agressive dans l'Asie centrale que lorsque”
“commencèrent en 705 les campagnes du célèbre général Qotaïba ben Moslim ;”
The paper relies on this without support.
From 661 to 705, the principalities of Sogdiana and south of the Oxus enjoyed relative tranquility and did not have to ask China for help.
“de 661 à 705, les principautés de la Sogdiane et du sud de l'Oxus jouirent donc”
“d'une tranquillité relative et n'eurent pas à réclamer le secours de la Chine.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Empress Wu's reign from 684 to 705 was too occupied with maintaining her usurped authority to pay much attention to foreign policy.
“D'autre part, en Chine même, c'est de 684 à 705 que régna l'impératrice Ou, et”
“cette femme ambitieuse et cruelle fut trop occupée à maintenir par de”
“sanglantes intrigues son autorité usurpée pour pouvoir prêter beaucoup”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Tibetans occupied Kashgaria from 670 to 692 and thereby cut all Chinese routes to the west through the Pamirs.
“Enfin, il faut se rappeler que, de 670 à 692,”
“les Tibétains occupaient la Kachgarie et coupaient ainsi aux Chinois toutes les”
“routes qui mènent en Occident à travers les Pamirs.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
A marriage is dated after the groom's death
MinorThe addendum dates Sou-lou's marriage to 742, but the paper says he was killed in 738. Elsewhere it dates the marriage to 722.
“Le douzième mois de l'année 742, il épousa la fille d'A-che-na Hoai-tao.”
“La vingt-sixième année (738), en été, Mo-ho (Baga) tarkan mit ses soldats sous les armes et de nuit attaqua Sou-lou et le tua.”
The Ta-ye period is assigned incompatible dates
MinorOne passage dates the Ta-ye period to 705-716, while another dates its first year to 605. Both cannot describe the same period.
“Au commencement de la période ta-ye (705-716), Tch'ou-lo kagan [10]”
“La première année ta-ye (605), Tch'ou-lo [10] kagan des Tou-kiue”
An eighth regnal year falls outside its stated period
MinorThe addendum calls 770 the eighth year of K'ai-yuen, although the paper dates that period to 713-741.
“C'est la huitième année k'ai-yuen (770), le sixième mois, que l'empereur conféra le titre de roi de Pou-lu à Sou-lin-t'o-i-tche”
“les noms des périodes k'ai-yuen (713-741) et t'ien-pao (742-755).”
Two kagans' identifying numbers are reversed
MinorThe chronological summary assigns [18] to Che-koei and [25] to Tou-lou. Elsewhere the paper identifies Tou-lou as [18] and I-p'i che-koei as [25].
“En 651 cependant, Ho-lou [21] s'était emparé des territoires de Che-koei kagan [18] et de Tou-lou kagan [25].”
“Tou-lou kagan [18] s'enfuit dans le Tokharestan ; il meurt en 653.”
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–108 of 108
Sinor, D. (1990) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521243049.001
Cosmo, N. D., & Maas, M. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316146040.033
Cosmo, N. D., & Maas, M. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316146040.002
Türk tarihinde Sek El ~ Çik ~ Çigil meselesi
Saadeddin, G. (2011) · Türkoloji Dergisi · doi:10.1501/trkol_0000000222
The Golden Poluo in Sogdiana: an In-depth Analysis of the Suishu and Tongdian Passages
Grenet, F., & Ching, C.-J. (2021) · Письменные памятники Востока · doi:10.17816/wmo79679
ARE THE CARIAN PSEUDO-GLOSSES OF SCYTHIAN ORIGIN? A RE-EXAMINATION
Ünal, O. (2023) · Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi (HÜTAD) · doi:10.20427/turkiyat.1275842
The Identity of Silzibul, the Early Monarch of Western Turks
Chen, K. (2025) · Journal of Old Turkic Studies · doi:10.35236/jots.1441010
ORTA ASYA TÜRK DEVLETLERİNİN KÜLTÜREL MİRASINDA DİNİN İZLERİ: SENTEZ, ADAPTASYON VE HİBRİDLEŞME
ELBAY, S. (2025) · Akademik Hassasiyetler · doi:10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1554306
Metadata
- Authors
- Chavannes, E., & .
- Venue
- Classiques des sciences sociales
- Publisher
- J.-M. Tremblay
- Published
- 2006
- OpenAlex
- W2495844055
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.21
- Type
- book
- Language
- fr
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Classiques des sciences sociales. (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Eurasian Exchange Networks
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Chinese history and philosophy
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Indian and Buddhist Studies
- Keywords
- Tang dynasty, Western Turkic Khaganate
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