Single-unit response of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus of freely moving cats. I. Acutely presented stressful and nonstressful stimuli

“These characteristics have been observed in LC neurons of both the behaving rat (Aston-Jones and Bloom, 1981a) and cat (Rasmussen et al., 1986).”

“…electrophysiological studies of LC neurons in unanesthetized animals have shown that these neurons are activated by a wide variety of environmental stimuli of many modalities (Foote and Bloom, 1979; Foote et al., 1980; Aston-Jones and Bloom, 198 lb; Rasmussen et al., 1986).”

“These behavioral states were defined according to polygraphic and behavioral criteria previously published (Trulson and Jacobs, 1979).”

“NE levels in plasma were determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (Hallman et al., 1978).”

“These observations have led to the proposal that the LC is a central analog of peripheral sympathetic ganglia (Amaral and Sinnamon, 1977; Aghajanian and VanderMaelen, 1982; Elam et al., 1986; Reiner, 1986).”

“These characteristics have been observed in LC neurons of both the behaving rat (Aston-Jones and Bloom, 1981a) and cat (Rasmussen et al., 1986).”

“…locus coeruleus (LC), which contains as many as half of all NE neurons in the brain (Chu and Bloom, 1974; Jones and Moore, 1974; Wiklund et al., 198 l), has been hypothesized to play an important role in this response (Korf et al., 1973; Cassens et al., 1980; Glavin, 1985; Weiss and Simson, 1985).”

“…locus coeruleus (LC), which contains as many as half of all NE neurons in the brain (Chu and Bloom, 1974; Jones and Moore, 1974; Wiklund et al., 198 l), has been hypothesized to play an important role in this response (Korf et al., 1973; Cassens et al., 1980; Glavin, 1985; Weiss and Simson, 1985).”

“…locus coeruleus (LC), which contains as many as half of all NE neurons in the brain (Chu and Bloom, 1974; Jones and Moore, 1974; Wiklund et al., 198 l), has been hypothesized to play an important role in this response (Korf et al., 1973; Cassens et al., 1980; Glavin, 1985; Weiss and Simson, 1985).”

“The locus coeruleus (LC), which contains as many as half of all NE neurons in the brain (Chu and Bloom, 1974; Jones and Moore, 1974; Wiklund et al., 198 l), has been hypothesized to play an important role in this response (Korf et al., 1973; Cassens et al., 1980; Glavin, 1985; Weiss and Simson,…”

“in rats report 4- to 6-fold increases in plasma NE (Popper et al., 1977).”

“This prediction is tested in the following paper (Abercrombie and Jacobs, 1987).”

“The results of the present study, taken together with the results of previous studies (Elam et al., 1984; Reiner, 1986) indicate that the activity of LC neurons does indeed increase in association with sympathetic activation.”

“The locus coeruleus (LC), which contains as many as half of all NE neurons in the brain (Chu and Bloom, 1974; Jones and Moore, 1974; Wiklund et al., 198 l), has been hypothesized to play an important role in this response (Korf et al., 1973; Cassens et al., 1980; Glavin, 1985; Weiss and Simson,…”

“Previous studies utilizing the same or similar stimuli failed to obtain any significant activation of either serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (Wilkinson and Jacobs, 1986) or dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (Strecker and Jacobs, 1985).”

“These observations have led to the proposal that the LC is a central analog of peripheral sympathetic ganglia (Amaral and Sinnamon, 1977; Aghajanian and VanderMaelen, 1982; Elam et al., 1986; Reiner, 1986).”

“These observations have led to the proposal that the LC is a central analog of peripheral sympathetic ganglia (Amaral and Sinnamon, 1977; Aghajanian and VanderMaelen, 1982; Elam et al., 1986; Reiner, 1986).”

“…and the sympathoadrenal system appears to generalize beyond the response to environmental stimuli, as similar results have been obtained studying the response of LC units in unanesthetized cats to several physiological challenges, including hypotension and hypoglycemia (Morilak et al., 1987a, b).”

“…and the sympathoadrenal system appears to generalize beyond the response to environmental stimuli, as similar results have been obtained studying the response of LC units in unanesthetized cats to several physiological challenges, including hypotension and hypoglycemia (Morilak et al., 1987a, b).”

“…electrophysiological studies of LC neurons in unanesthetized animals have shown that these neurons are activated by a wide variety of environmental stimuli of many modalities (Foote and Bloom, 1979; Foote et al., 1980; Aston-Jones and Bloom, 198 lb; Rasmussen et al., 1986).”

“Various stressors increase biochemical indices of central norepinephrine (NE) utilization in extensive areas of the rat brain (e.g., Stone, 1975; Tsuda et al., 1982; Anisman et al., 1984).”

“…session, the neurochemical identity of the neurons studied was further confirmed by administering the LY* agonist clonidine hydrochloride (25 &kg, i.p.), which has been reported to cause a significant suppression of NE units within 30 min of injection (Reiner, 1985; Rasmussen et al., 1986).”

“Various stressors increase biochemical indices of central norepinephrine (NE) utilization in extensive areas of the rat brain (e.g., Stone, 1975; Tsuda et al., 1982; Anisman et al., 1984).”

“Additionally, as with physiological challenges, when the activity of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons was examined in response to these same behavioral/environmental stressors, large increases in activity were consistently observed (1, 289).”