Impulse activity of locus coeruleus neurons in awake rats and monkeys is a function of sensory stimulation and arousal
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By means of extracellular recordings, individual norepinephrine-containing neurons in the locus coeruleus of unanesthetized behaviorally responsive rats and squirrel monkeys were found to respond to specific sensory and behavioral conditions. In rats, distinct clusters of action potentials followed the presentation of various nonnoxious auditory, visual, or somatosensory stimuli at latencies of 15-60 msec. Increased discharge rates were also seen during periods of spontaneous electroencephalogram arousal in both species. In monkeys, these cells responded most vigorously to complex arousing stimuli such as a preferred food. Because the noradrenergic innervation of most forebrain regions arises from the locus coeruleus, these results allow prediction of situations under which this massive projection system would be active and suggest a physiological role for this chemically identified network in specific behavioral processes.
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Low arousal conditions are associated with very low levels of norepinephrine cell firing.
“Low arousal conditions are associated with very low levels of NE cell firing (Aston-Jones et al., 2000; Foote et al., 1980).”
From Catecholamine influences on prefrontal cortical function: Relevance to treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and related disorders (2011) · cites this paper as Foote et al., 1980
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- Authors
- Foote, S. L., Aston-Jones, G., & Bloom, F. E.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1980-05
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 3033-3037
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC349541
- OpenAlex
- W2016014417
- Cited by
- 857
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 4.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- locus coeruleus, noradrenergic neurons, neuronal firing rate, sensory stimulation, arousal, auditory stimuli, visual stimuli, somatosensory stimuli, food reward, rats, squirrel monkey
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Adrenergic Fibers, Animals, Haplorhini, Arousal, Auditory Perception, Evoked Potentials, Locus Coeruleus, Male, Nociceptors, Norepinephrine, Sleep, Visual Perception, Wakefulness, Rats
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