The DOI matches its Crossref record; 82 of the 82 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The modular organization of projections from areas V1 and V2 to areas V4 and TEO in macaques
Open accessAbstract
In addition to the major anatomical pathways from V1 into the temporal lobe, there are other smaller, “bypass” routes that are poorly understood. To investigate the direct projection from V1 to V4 (bypassing V2) and from V2 to TEO (bypassing V4), we injected the foveal and parafoveal representations of V4 and TEO with different retrograde tracers in five hemispheres of four macaques and analyzed the distributions of labeled neurons in V1 and V2 using flattened preparations of the cortex. In V1, labeled neurons were seen after injections in V4 but not TEO. The V4-projecting neurons were located in the foveal representation of V1, in both cytochrome oxidase (CO)-rich blobs and CO-poor interblob regions. In V2, TEO-projecting neurons were intermingled with V4-projecting neurons, although the former were far sparser than the latter. Across the cases, 6–19% of the TEO-projecting neurons were double labeled, that is, also projected to area V4. Both V4- and TEO-projecting neurons formed bands that ran orthogonal to the V1/V2 border, and both were located in CO-rich thin stripes and CO-poor interstripe regions. In some cases, a continuous band of V4-projecting neurons was also found along the V1/V2 border in the foveal representation of V2. The results indicate that the pathways from V1 to V4 and from V2 to TEO involve anatomical subcompartments thought to be concerned with both color and form. These “bypass” routes may allow coarse information about color and form to arrive rapidly in the temporal lobe. The bypass route from V2 to TEO might explain the partial sparing of color and form vision that is seen after lesions of V4. By analogy, given the bypass route from the foveal representation of V1 to V4, lesions of V2 affecting the foveal visual field would also be insufficient to block color and form vision.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In addition to the main routes through the V4 to the IT cortex (4), the model also accounts for the bypass routes (38) from V2 to the posterior inferotemporal cortex and from V4 to the anterior inferotemporal cortex (Fig. 1) [unlike the original model (5)].”
From A feedforward architecture accounts for rapid categorization (2007) · cites this paper as [38]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex
Felleman, D. J., & Van Essen, D. C. (1991) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/1.1.1 · Cited by 7,783
Mesulam, M. M. (1978) · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · doi:10.1177/26.2.24068 · Cited by 4,303
Object vision and spatial vision: Two cortical pathways
Mishkin, M., Ungerleider, L. G., & Macko, K. A. (1983) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(83)90190-x · Cited by 2,947
Self-citationAnatomy and physiology of a color system in the primate visual cortex
Livingstone, M. S., & Hubel, D. H. (1984) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.04-01-00309.1984 · Cited by 1,637 · cited 3×
“Although there is still some question about the relative proportions of colorand orientation-selective cells in the CO-rich thin stripe and CO-poor interstripe regions of V2, it is commonly accepted that these two stripe systems, taken together, contain many colorand form-selective cells, as well as some cells selecti…”
BackgroundStimulus-selective properties of inferior temporal neurons in the macaque
Desimone, R., Albright, T. D., Gross, C. G., & Bruce, C. J. (1984) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.04-08-02051.1984 · Cited by 1,424
Self-citationThe functional logic of cortical connections
Zeki, S., & Shipp, S. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/335311a0 · Cited by 1,067
Laminar and columnar distribution of geniculo‐cortical fibers in the macaque monkey
Hubel, D. H., & Wiesel, T. N. (1972) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901460402 · Cited by 945 · cited 2×
“(Hubel and Wiesel, 1972; Lund, 1973; Lund and Boothe, 1975; Hendrickson et al., 1978; Blasdel and Lund, 1983; Fitzpatrick et al., 1985), neurons in the blobs tend to have less orientation”
BackgroundMethodFunctional specialisation in the visual cortex of the rhesus monkey
Zeki, S. M. (1978) · Nature · doi:10.1038/274423a0 · Cited by 874
Segregation of form, color, and stereopsis in primate area 18
Hubel, D. H., & Livingstone, M. S. (1987) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.07-11-03378.1987 · Cited by 835 · cited 1×
“What the thin stripe and interstripe regions lack are large numbers of directionally selective cells, which are mainly located instead in the CO-rich thick stripes that project to area MT (DeYoe and Van Essen, 1985; Shipp and Zeki, 1985; Hubel and Livingstone, 1987).”
BackgroundCoding visual images of objects in the inferotemporal cortex of the macaque monkey
Tanaka, K., Saito, H., Fukada, Y., & Moriya, M. (1991) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.1.170 · Cited by 773
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Unaerleider LG. Mishkin M (1982) Two cortical visual svstems. In: Analysis of visual behavior (Ingle DJ, Goodale MA, Mansfield RJW, eds), pp 549-586. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–211 of 211
Shishikura, M., Machida, I., & Sakai, K. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-6585-3_18
Pessoa, L. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009342919.004
Armony, J. L., & Vuilleumier, P. O. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009342919.002
Approaching human visual perception through AI-based representation of figure-ground segregation
Yip, C., Moroze, E., Nishina, S., & Yazdanbakhsh, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1768533
“In primate vision, V1 sends direct projections to V4 through pathways that bypass V2 (Nakamura et al., 1993).”
Vision, Émotion et Santé Mentale : approche neuroscientifique de la dépression et de l'anxiété
Zorzi, L. D. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/948f4593z9cfez4024za02fz2d06c28a075e
Biais attentionnels dans l’anxiété et la dépression : approches comportementale et neurovégétative
Ranfaing, S. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/1709d16cze58ez4c75zb480z92b849a3fcbf
In the appraisal of biological significance, visual consciousness is faster than you think
Siegel, P. F. (2026) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x25102938
Trujillo, L. T. (2007) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Color Selectivity of Neurons in the Posterior Inferior Temporal Cortex of the Macaque Monkey
Yasuda, M., Banno, T., & Komatsu, H. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp227
“V2 neurons projecting to the PIT are localized within cytochrome oxidase (CO)--poor interstripe regions and CO-rich thin stripes (Nakamura et al. 1993), where color-sensitive neurons are concentrated (DeYoe and Van Essen 1985; Hubel and Livingstone 1987).”
BackgroundInfluential- Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Nakamura, H., Gattass, R., Desimone, R., & Ungerleider, L.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 1993-09-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3681-3691
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6576450
- OpenAlex
- W1527855123
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Keywords
- visual cortex, area V1, V2, area V4, cortical projections, cytochrome oxidase blobs, color vision, form vision, retrograde tracing, macaque, foveal representation
- MeSH terms
- Amidines, Animals, Axonal Transport, Electron Transport Complex IV, Fluorescent Dyes, Horseradish Peroxidase, Macaca mulatta, Neurons, Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobe, Visual Fields, Visual Pathways, Wheat Germ Agglutinins, Biomarkers, Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
