The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A comparison of two immediate-early genes, c-fos and NGFI-B, as markers for functional activation in stress-related neuroendocrine circuitry
Open accessAbstract
The promoter regions of the rat corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), oxytocin (OT), and vasopressin (AVP) genes contain sequences similar to the cis-acting response element identified for NGFI-B, an immediate- early gene structurally related to the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. Combined immuno- and hybridization histochemical approaches were used to determine whether challenges that influence the synthesis and secretion of CRF, OT, and/or AVP result in altered expression in neurosecretory neurons of NGFI-B and another immediate- early gene, c-fos, which is widely used as a marker for functionally activated neurons. NGFI-B mRNA was found to be expressed at constitutively high levels in the telencephalon, but not in the endocrine hypothalamus, of unperturbed controls; basal levels of c-fos expression were uniformly low throughout the CNS. NGFI-B and c-fos mRNAs, and Fos protein, were induced with a similar time course and in similar neuroendocrine cell types in response to acute hypotensive hemorrhage (15% reduction in blood volume), intravenous injection of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta; 1.87 micrograms/kg), chronic salt loading (7 d maintenance on 2% saline), and acute bilateral adrenalectomy. c-fos mRNA and Fos protein were readily demonstrable in afferent pathways that have been implicated as mediating the neuroendocrine responses in the three stress paradigms; these include medullary catecholaminergic cell groups in response to IL-1 beta and hemorrhage, and cell groups lining the lamina terminalis in response to salt loading. Challenge-specific induction of NGFI-B expression was detectable in these extrahypothalamic cell groups, though with a lesser sensitivity than that required to reveal NGFI-B induction in the hypothalamus, or c-fos expression in these related afferents. These results establish NGFI-B as a useful adjunct to c-fos, for revealing synaptic and/or transcriptional activation in the magno- and parvocellular neurosecretory systems. Differences in the sensitivity of the two markers in revealing functionally related activation in extrahypothalamic regions speak to general issues concerning the use of immediate-early genes in mapping functional circuitry in the CNS.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“we employed Fos, a widely used marker, to map neuronal activation throughout the brain after the two types of stress.16,17,19,45”
From Preferential loss of dorsal-hippocampus synapses underlies memory impairments provoked by short, multimodal stress (2014) · cites this paper as [17]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Improved tools for biological sequence comparison.
Pearson, W. R., & Lipman, D. J. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.8.2444 · Cited by 11,227
The Steroid and Thyroid Hormone Receptor Superfamily
Evans, R. M. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3283939 · Cited by 7,394
Fos and jun: The AP-1 connection
Curran, T., & Franza, B. R. (1988) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90024-4 · Cited by 1,595
Yang-Yen, H.-F., Chambard, J.-C., Sun, Y.-L., Smeal, T., Schmidt, T. J., Drouin, J., & Karin, M. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90396-v · Cited by 1,553
A Method for Isolation of Intact, Translationally Active Ribonucleic Acid
Cathala, G., Savouret, J., Méndez, B., West, B. L., Karin, M., MARTIAL, J. A., & Baxter, J. D. (1983) · DNA · doi:10.1089/dna.1983.2.329 · Cited by 1,449
Swanson, L. W., & Kuypers, H. G. J. M. (1980) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901940306 · Cited by 1,413
Corticosteroid inhibition of acth secretion
KELLER-WOOD, M. E., & DALLMAN, M. F. (1984) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-5-1-1 · Cited by 1,219
Functional antagonism between oncoprotein c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor
Schüle, R., Rangarajan, P. N., Kliewer, S. A., Ransone, L. J., Bolado, J., Yang, N., Verma, I. M., & Evans, R. M. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90397-w · Cited by 1,204
Corticotropin-releasing factor-producing neurons in the rat activated by interleukin-1
Berkenbosch, F., van Oers, J., del Rey, A., Tilders, F., & Besedovsky, H. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2443979 · Cited by 1,151
Sawchenko, P. E., & Swanson, L. W. (1982) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902050306 · Cited by 1,150
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Ericsson A, Sawchenko PE (1993) c&s-based functional mapping of central pathways subserving the effects of interleukin-1 on the hy- pothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. In: Methods in neuroscience, Vol. 16, The neurobiology of cytokines (De Souza EB, ed), pp 155-172. New York: Academic.
- Milner TA, Pickel VM, Morrison SF, Reis DJ (1989) Adrenergic neu- rons in the rostra1 ventrolateral medulla: ultrastructure and synaptic relations with other transmitter-identified neurons. In: Progress in brain research, Vol 8 1 (Ciriello J, Caverson MM, Polosa C, eds), pp 29-47. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
- Sawchenko PE, Cunningham ET, Mortrud MT, Pfeiffer SW, Gerfen CR (1990) Phaseolus vulguris leucoagglutinin anterograde axonal trans- port technique. In: Methods in neurosciences, Vol 3 (Conn PM, ed), pp 247-260. New York: Academic.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–288 of 288
Waldherr, M., Nyuyki, K. D., Maloumby, R., Bosch, O. J., & Neumann, I. D. (2009) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.11.006 · Cited by 20
Gustafson, P., Bunn, S. J., & Grattan, D. R. (2017) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12511 · Cited by 21
NGFI-B, c-fos, and c-jun mRNA Expression in Mouse Brain After Acute Carbon Monoxide Intoxication
Tang, Y., Murata, Y., Nagaya, T., Noda, Y., Seo, H., & Nabeshima, T. (1997) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-199707000-00007 · Cited by 20
Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Review
Fikes, J. D., Patrick, D. J., Francke, S., Frazier, K. S., Reindel, J. F., Romeike, A., Spaet, R. H., Tomlinson, L., & Schafer, K. A. (2015) · Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1177/0192623315596382 · Cited by 19
Greenwood, M. P., Greenwood, M., Gillard, B. T., Devi, R. C., & Murphy, D. (2017) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00413 · Cited by 19
Activation of NMDA and muscarinic receptors induces nur-77 mRNA in hippocampal neurons
Dragunow, M., Abraham, W. C., & Hughes, P. E. (1996) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(95)00294-3 · Cited by 19
Chowdhury, G. M. I., Liu, Y., Tanaka, M., Fujioka, T., Ishikawa, A., & Nakamura, S. (2003) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(02)00207-9 · Cited by 18
The role of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in the central nervous systems (CNS)
Hanada, R. (2020) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism · doi:10.1007/s00774-020-01143-9 · Cited by 18
Freeman, C., S, M. D. A., & Priscilla, A. S. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-04227-z · Cited by 20
Neigh, G. N., Ritschel, L. A., Kilpela, L. S., Harrell, C. S., & Bourke, C. H. (2012) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.075 · Cited by 18
Hueston, C. M., & Terrence Deak, B. (2019) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890.2019.1678025 · Cited by 18
Schiltz, C. A., Kelley, A. E., & Landry, C. F. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.002 · Cited by 18
Breitman, D. R., & Lee, S. S. (1997) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510260601 · Cited by 18
Douglas, A. J., Meddle, S., Krömer, S. A., Müsch, W., Bosch, O. J., & Neumann, I. D. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05380.x · Cited by 15
Suzuki, S., Solberg, L. C., Redei, E. E., & Handa, R. J. (2001) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02853-0 · Cited by 17
Laflamme, N., Barden, N., & Rivest, S. (1997) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/bf02736831 · Cited by 17
Boorman, D. C., & Keay, K. A. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.25103 · Cited by 16
Harbuz, M., & Jessop, D. (1999) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1630107 · Cited by 16
The Contribution of Immediate Early Genes to the Understanding of Brain Processing of Stressors
Armario, A. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-33604-6_11 · Cited by 16
Salt Appetite Is Reduced by a Single Experience of Drinking Hypertonic Saline in the Adult Rat
Greenwood, M. P., Greenwood, M., Paton, J. F. R., & Murphy, D. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104802 · Cited by 15
Serrats, J., & Sawchenko, P. E. (2009) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.06.004 · Cited by 15
Self-citationSalomons, A. R., Pinzón, N. E., Boleij, H., Kirchhoff, S., Arndt, S. S., Nordquist, R. E., Lindemann, L., Jaeschke, G., Spooren, W. P. J. M., & Ohl, F. (2012) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-8-30 · Cited by 15
Cunha, R. P., Reiner, A., & Toledo, C. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.122 · Cited by 14
Yoshida, S., Ohnishi, R., Tsuneoka, Y., Yuka, Y.-M., Muramatsu, R., Kato, T., Funato, H., & Kuroda, K. O. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00204 · Cited by 14
Sexual dimorphism in pre-clinical studies of depression
Alshammari, T. K. (2020) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110120 · Cited by 16
Gibbs, R. B., & Martynowski, C. (1997) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00006-1 · Cited by 14
Bárez‐López, S., Konopacka, A., Cross, S., Greenwood, M., Skarveli, M., Murphy, D., & Greenwood, M. P. (2022) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000522088 · Cited by 12
Lilly, M. P., PUTNEY, D. J., & Carlson, D. E. (2000) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000054525 · Cited by 13
Kovács, K. (2002) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(02)39013-7 · Cited by 13
RIVIER, C. L. (2001) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000061057 · Cited by 13
High-Throughput Strategy for Profiling Sequential Section With Multiplex Staining of Mouse Brain
Chen, S., Liu, Z., Li, A., Gong, H., Long, B., & Li, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2021.771229 · Cited by 13
Takahashi, C., Ohata, H., & Shibasaki, T. (2011) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2011.09.016 · Cited by 12
Badoer, E. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00560-5 · Cited by 12
The Functional Neuroanatomy of the Acute‐Phase Response
Sagar, S. M. (1994) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb19830.x · Cited by 12
Repeated Immobilization Stress Increases Nur77 Expression in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
Campos‐Melo, D., Quiroz, G., Noches, V., Gysling, K., Forray, M. I., & Andrés, M. E. (2011) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-011-9243-1 · Cited by 11
Lee, S., & RIVIER, C. L. (2005) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2004-1268 · Cited by 11
Drouet, J.-B., Michel, V., Peinnequin, A., Alonso, A., Fidier, N., Maury, R., Buguet, A., Cespuglio, R., & Canini, F. (2010) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.03.001 · Cited by 11
Arroyo, L., Valent, D., Carreras, R., Peña, R., Sabrià, J., Velarde, A., & Bassols, A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210406 · Cited by 11
Kovács, K., Földes, A., & Vizi, E. S. (1996) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(96)00009-4 · Cited by 10
Helboe, L., Hay‐Schmidt, A., Stidsen, C. E., & M�ller, M. (1999) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990308)405:2 · Cited by 28
Horváth, K., Juhász, B., Kuti, D., Ferenczi, S., & Kovács, K. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241411736 · Cited by 10
Assessment of dietary intake of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Prescha, A., Pieczyńska, J. M., Ilow, R., Poręba, J., Neubauer, K., Smereka, A., Grajeta, H., Biernat, J., & Paradowski, L. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 10
Schmitt, H. F., Huang, L. Z., Son, J., Pinzon-Guzman, C., Slaton, G. S., & Winzer‐Serhan, U. H. (2008) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.09.018 · Cited by 10
Wintrip, N., Nance, D. M., & Wilkinson, M. (1997) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00063-2 · Cited by 10
Early life environment: does it have implications for predisposition to disease?
Shanks, N. M. (2002) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1034/j.1601-5215.2002.140604.x · Cited by 10
Greenwood, M. P., Greenwood, M., Gillard, B. T., Loh, S., Paton, J. F. R., & Murphy, D. (2016) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12371 · Cited by 9
Luckman, S. M. (1997) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01661.x · Cited by 9
Wei, R., & Sternberg, E. M. (2003) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.10.050 · Cited by 8
Arai, M., Osanai, H., Snell, C. C., Gawf, K. E., 北村, 貴., & Ogawa, S. K. (2025) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.70030 · Cited by 9
Role of the neural pathway from hindbrain to hypothalamus in interaction of GLP1 and leptin in rats
Akieda‐Asai, S., Poleni, P.-E., Hasegawa, K., & Date, Y. (2013) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-13-0272 · Cited by 7
Brain regions of marine medaka activated by acute and short-term ocean acidification
Wang, X., Yu-tao, L., Xie, J., Li, B., Zhou, T., Chen, Y., Chen, Y., & Song, J. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137279 · Cited by 7
Cavalcante, L. A., Barradas, P. C., & Vieira, A. M. (1996) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1007/bf02284815 · Cited by 7
Swain, M. G., & Maric, M. (1996) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510240426 · Cited by 7
Wrona, D., Listowska, M., Kubera, M., Majkutewicz, I., Glac, W., Wojtyła-Kuchta, B., Plucińska, K., Grembecka, B., & Podlacha, M. (2013) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.10.002 · Cited by 5
Neuroendocrine Control of Energy Stores
Cone, R. D., & Elmquist, J. K. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0324-5.00035-3 · Cited by 5
Nashawi, H., Foltz, C. T., Smail, M. A., Buesing, D. R., Herman, J. P., & Ulrich‐Lai, Y. M. (2024) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114774 · Cited by 4
Blockade of 5-Ht3 receptors in the septal area increases Fos expression in selected brain areas
Urzedo-Rodrigues, L. S., Ferreira, H. S., Santana, R. C., Luz, C. P. N., Perrone, C. F., & Fregoneze, J. B. (2014) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2014.01.003 · Cited by 4
Albrechet‐Souza, L., & Brandão, M. L. (2010) · Psychology & Neuroscience · doi:10.3922/j.psns.2010.1.005 · Cited by 4
Seo, D. O., Lee, S., & RIVIER, C. L. (2003) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2003.11.006 · Cited by 4
Anatomical Markers of Activity in Hypothalamic Neurons
Hoffman, G. E. (2020) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c170021 · Cited by 4
Arai, M., Osanai, H., Snell, C. C., 北村, 貴., & Ogawa, S. K. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.04.21.649441 · Cited by 2
Xu, F., Xu, M., Liu, Y., Wang, X., Duan, Y., Zheng, X., Yin, W., Cai, Y., Zhang, W., Jiang, Q., et al. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.112110 · Cited by 1
Vallès, A. (2003) · TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa) · Cited by 1
[Stress-induced gene expression in the hypothalamus].
Ueta, Y. (2005) · Folia Pharmacologica Japonica · doi:10.1254/fpj.126.179 · Cited by 1
The Role of Oxytocin in the Stress and Anxiety Response.
Mantella, R. C. (2005) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 1
The central interaction of relaxin with oxytocin
Heine, P. A. (1998) · doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-17341
Donato, J. (2008) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.42.2008.tde-12032009-181647
Allbutt, H. N. (2004) · The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney)
Studies on the function of the NGFIC subfamily of nuclear receptors in adipose tissue.
Wakes, N. C. (2006) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
Glazova, M. V., & Krasnovskaya, I. A. (1998) · Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02447296
Boros, A. M., Temesvári, P., Szöke, L., Vecsernyés, M., Bari, F., Ábrahám, C. S., Pintér, S., & Gulya, K. (1999) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00267-2
Prostaglandin E2 in Brain-mediated Illness Responses
Elander, L. (2010) · DiVA (Linkoping University)
Tanaka, M., Hayashi, S.-S., Fujioka, T., Tobe, I., & Nakamura, S. (2011)
The Differential Role of Prostaglandin E2 Receptors in the CNS Response to Systemic Immune Challenge
Lazarus, M., & Saper, C. B. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088576-3/50020-4
The preproglucagon derived peptides and energy homeostasis
Parker, J. (2013) · doi:10.25560/10956
Ventral Tegmental Area Regulation Of Stress-Induced Reinstatement Of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior
Blacktop, J. M. (2014) · e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University)
Szot, P. (2017) · Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology · doi:10.4172/2155-9899.1000520
dos Santos, A. L. T., Reis, W. L., Cognuck, S. Q., de Lima, J. B. M., Domingues, J. T., de Araújo, L. D., Greenwood, M. P., Greenwood, M., Elias, L. L. K., Murphy, D., et al. (2021) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep089890
Sandi, C. (2014) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.718297966.793492714
Anatomical Markers of Activity in Hypothalamic Neurons
Hoffman, G. E. (2020) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2020.tb00114.x
Wrobel, K. K., Teichmann, J., Sitali, S., Kreis, M. E., Mueller, M. H., & Hering, N. A. (2026) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2026.110284
Elmquist (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19980615)395:4
Distribution of mRNAs encoding CRF receptors in brain and pituitary of rat and mouse
Van Pett, K., Viau, V., Bittencourt, J. C., Chan, R. K. W., Li, H.-Y., Arias, C., Prins, G. S., Perrin, M., Vale, W., & Sawchenko, P. E. (2000) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/1096-9861(20001211)428:2
Self-citation- Self-citation
Rodier (1996) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19960624)370:2
Metadata
- Authors
- Chan, R., Brown, E., Ericsson, A., Kovacs, K., & Sawchenko, P.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- ORCID
- Ericsson, A
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 1993-12-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5126-5138
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6576398
- OpenAlex
- W1824948378
- Cited by
- 289
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 8.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Xerox Foundation
- International Research and Exchanges Board
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl035137-15)
- Medical Research Council
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-35137)
- Fogarty International Center
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS21182)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- Nur77, c-fos, immediate early genes, corticotropin-releasing factor, oxytocin, vasopressin, stress response, Fos protein, hemorrhage, IL-1β, salt loading, adrenalectomy, lamina terminalis, catecholaminergic neurons, hypothalamus, telencephalon, gene expression biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Adrenalectomy, Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Base Sequence, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, DNA-Binding Proteins, Hemorrhage, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Neurosecretory Systems, Oxytocin, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus, Receptors, Steroid, RNA, Messenger, Sodium Chloride, Stress, Physiological, Transcription Factors, Gene Expression, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Rats, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review