The DOI matches its Crossref record; 101 of the 101 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Long-Term Neuroinflammation Induced by Influenza A Virus Infection and the Impact on Hippocampal Neuron Morphology and Function
Open accessAbstract
Acute influenza infection has been reported to be associated with neurological symptoms. However, the long-term consequences of an infection with neurotropic and non-neurotropic influenza A virus (IAV) variants for the CNS remain elusive. We can show that spine loss in the hippocampus after infection with neurotropic H7N7 (rSC35M) and non-neurotropic H3N2 (maHK68) in female C57BL/6 mice persists well beyond the acute phase of the disease. Although spine number was significantly reduced at 30 d postinfection (dpi) with H7N7 or H3N2, full recovery could only be observed much later at 120 dpi. Infection with H1N1 virus, which was shown previously to affect spine number and hippocampus-dependent learning acutely, had no significant long-term effects. Spine loss was associated with an increase in the number of activated microglia, reduced long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, and impairment in spatial memory formation, indicating that IAV-associated inflammation induced functional and structural alterations in hippocampal networks. Transcriptome analyses revealed regulation of many inflammatory and neuron- and glia-specific genes in H3N2- and H7N7-infected mice at day 18 and in H7N7-infected mice at day 30 pi that related to the structural and functional alterations. Our data provide evidence that neuroinflammation induced by neurotropic H7N7 and infection of the lung with a non-neurotropic H3N2 IAV result in long-term impairments in the CNS. IAV infection in humans may therefore not only lead to short-term responses in infected organs, but may also trigger neuroinflammation and associated chronic alterations in the CNS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the acute phase of influenza infection, neuroinflammation can lead to alterations in hippocampal neuronal morphology and cognitive deficits. The results of this study now also provide evidence that neuroinflammation induced by influenza A virus (IAV) infection can induce longer-lasting, virus-specific alterations in neuronal connectivity that are still detectable 1 month after infection and are associated with impairments in spatial memory formation. IAV infection in humans may therefore not only lead to short-term responses in infected organs, but may also trigger neuroinflammation and associated chronic alterations in the CNS.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Influenza infection may enter the brain through several routes [122,123] or send deleterious signals to the brain via sensory neurons [124] and trigger neuroinflammation or associated chronic alterations in the CNS [125].”
From Revisiting the Pathogenesis of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (2025) · cites this paper as [125]
In the citing paper
“There is a precedent for acute viral infections causing long-term inflammation and dysfunction that predisposes individuals to neurodegenerative disease44,45”
From Dysregulation of brain and choroid plexus cell types in severe COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Cognitive impairment may be caused by viral infections associated with direct invasion of the central nervous system [11, 24], or as an indirect effect of systemic infections not typically causing CNS infection (e.g. cytokine storm, neuro-inflammation, hypercoagulability) [11, 24].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Mechanisms underlying viral pathogenesis in these conditions may include a direct viral effect or indirect mechanisms, such as inflammation, epigenetic changes, and hypercoagulable changes, that may impact on brain structure and function in healthy or in cognitively impaired individuals [6, 11–15].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“The H1N1 strain of influenza, which is not neuroinvasive in mouse models, causes acute elevation in CNS cytokines, hippocampal microglial reactivity, and impaired performance in cognitive behavioral tests (Hosseini et al., 2018; Jurgens et al., 2012).”
From Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation (2022) · cites this paper as Hosseini et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Other viral syndromes such as influenza can cause microglial reactivity, elevated CNS cytokine levels, and impair cognitive function, even in the absence of neuroinvasion (Hosseini et al., 2018; Jurgens et al., 2012).”
From Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation (2022) · cites this paper as Hosseini et al., 2018
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x · Cited by 109,482
clusterProfiler: an R Package for Comparing Biological Themes Among Gene Clusters
Yu, G., Wang, L.-G., Han, Y., & He, Q.-Y. (2012) · OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology · doi:10.1089/omi.2011.0118 · Cited by 36,259
Bioconductor: open software development for computational biology and bioinformatics
Gentleman, R. C., Carey, V. J., Bates, D. M., Bolstad, B., Dettling, M., Dudoit, S., Ellis, B., Gautier, L., Ge, Y., Gentry, J., et al. (2004) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r80 · Cited by 12,082
Smyth, G. K. (2004) · Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.2202/1544-6115.1027 · Cited by 11,829
Polazzi, E., Mengoni, I., Caprini, M., Peña‐Altamira, E., Kurtys, E., & Monti, B. (2012) · Neurosignals · doi:10.1159/000337115 · Cited by 9,023
Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system
Choi, D. W. (1988) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(88)90162-6 · Cited by 8,188
Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat
Morris, R. (1984) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(84)90007-4 · Cited by 7,180 · cited 2×
“To investigate the effects of IAV infection on cognitive function, spatial learning and memory formation were assessed using the initial training and the reversal learning phase of the Morris water maze paradigm (Morris, 1984; Vorhees and Williams, 2006).”
MethodResting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo
Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., & Helmchen, F. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110647 · Cited by 5,827 · cited 2×
“It was shown previously that microglia can also play a role in synaptic remodeling and plasticity in the healthy brain (Nimmerjahn et al., 2005; Parkhurst et al., 2013), for example, via neuron–microglia crosstalk through the Cx3cr1 signaling axis, which we found to be downregulated independently of the virus subtype.”
BackgroundMorris water maze: procedures for assessing spatial and related forms of learning and memory
Vorhees, C. V., & Williams, M. T. (2006) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2006.116 · Cited by 4,629
Neurotrophins: Roles in Neuronal Development and Function
Huang, E. J., & Reichardt, L. F. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.677 · Cited by 4,394
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 10.2307/1165312 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 238
The Effects of Viruses on Insulin Sensitivity and Blood–Brain Barrier Function
Raber, J., Rhea, E. M., & Banks, W. A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24032377 · Cited by 14
“Pre-clinical studies show murine infection with the influenza virus results in neuronal spine loss in the hippocampus at 30 days post infection and is associated with impairments in learning, with full recovery occurring 120 days post infection [74].”
BackgroundFu, H., Pickering, H. C., Rubbi, L., Ross, T. M., Reed, E. F., & Pellegrini, M. A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-51665-9 · Cited by 13
Rift Valley Fever Virus Encephalitis: Viral and Host Determinants of Pathogenesis
Wilson, L. R., & McElroy, A. K. (2024) · Annual Review of Virology · doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-093022-011544 · Cited by 13
Is There such a Thing as Post-Viral Depression?: Implications for Precision Medicine
Park, E., Shin, C. Y., Jeon, S. J., & Ham, B. (2024) · Biomolecules & Therapeutics · doi:10.4062/biomolther.2024.170 · Cited by 14
“Viruses can modify synaptic plasticity through various mechanisms, including direct viral action on neurons (Hosseini et al ., 2018) or through the modulation of immune responses.”
BackgroundPeripheral Injection of Tim-3 Antibody Attenuates VSV Encephalitis by Enhancing MHC-I Presentation
Li, G., Tang, L., Hou, C., Wang, Z., Gao, Y., Dou, S., Mo, R., Hao, Y., Gao, Z., Li, Y., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.667478 · Cited by 13
“Virus mRNA replication was analyzed by reverse transcriptase quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR (26);.”
MethodBukke, S. P. N., Yadav, S., Prajapati, S., Rani, S. S., Reddy, M. S., Thalluri, C., Chettupalli, A. K., Goruntla, N., Pradeepkumar, B., Eftekhari, Z., et al. (2025) · Tissue Barriers · doi:10.1080/21688370.2025.2607157 · Cited by 12
Demuth, H., Hosseini, S., Düsedau, H. P., Dunay, I. R., Körte, M., & Zagrebelsky, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2023.1163087 · Cited by 11
“The open-field test was performed to test for anxiety-like and explorative behavior as previously described (Walsh and Cummins, 1976; Hosseini et al., 2018).”
MethodSelf-citationGu, L., Zhou, Y., Wang, G., Deng, H., Song, X., He, X., Wang, T., Chen, X., Dai, J., & Li, R. (2021) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.092 · Cited by 12
Cian, V., Laurenzis, A. D., Siri, C., Gusmeroli, A., & Canesi, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.908363 · Cited by 13
Deng, J., Lu, C., Liu, C., Oveissi, S., Fairlie, W. D., Lee, E. F., Bilsel, P., Puthalakath, H., & Chen, W. (2020) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.15654 · Cited by 12
Kroeze, E. J. B. V., Bauer, L., Caliendo, V., & van Riel, D. A. J. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13050848 · Cited by 12
“Viral antigen in the CNS was associated with encephalitis and activation of microglia [14,38].”
BackgroundRevisiting the Pathogenesis of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Bougnères, P., & Le Stunff, C. (2025) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes16050590 · Cited by 11
Azziz‐Baumgartner, E., González, R., Davis, W. W., Calvo, A. E., Olson, N., Grant, L., Hess‐Holtz, M., Veguilla, V., Rauda, R., Kaydos‐Daniels, S. C., et al. (2021) · Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses · doi:10.1111/irv.12904 · Cited by 11
“Mouse models suggest that influenza A virus illnesses may also be associated with long-term neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits.(9) Influenza infections in mice have been associated with recruitment and upregulation of astrocytes; dendritic blunting; remodeling of the hypothalamus responsible for motivation, emot…”
BackgroundYang, L., Li, J., Liu, F., Chai, X., Fang, Z., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x23666241028105746 · Cited by 10
“For instance, CA1 and the dentate gyrus are respectively linked to long-term spatial memory damage and contextual fear conditioning [46].”
PGRMC1 Exerts Its Function of Anti-Influenza Virus in the Central Nervous System
Huang, K. L., Zhang, Y., Gong, W., Yang, Y., Jiang, L., Zhao, L., Yang, Y., Wei, Y., Li, C., He, X., et al. (2021) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.00734-21 · Cited by 9
“erties and cognitive function in adult animals (27).”
BackgroundFoo, I. J. H., Chua, B. Y. L., Clemens, E. B., Chang, S. Y., Jia, X., McQuilten, H. A., Yap, A. H. Y., Cabug, A. F., Ashayeripanah, M., McWilliam, H. E. G., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-46822-7 · Cited by 9
Wu, W., Alexander, J. S., Booth, J. L., Miller, C., Metcalf, J. P., & Drevets, D. A. (2024) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-024-00447-y · Cited by 10
“These cytokines activate microglia which subsequently disrupt homeostatic neuronal morphology and synaptic function [17–20].”
BackgroundMirmohammadi, S., Kianmehr, A., Arefi, M., & Mahrooz, A. (2020) · New Microbes and New Infections · doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100792 · Cited by 9
“This is an open access artic such as measles virus and herpes virus, as well as influenza virus and coronaviruses are capable of spreading throughout the body once in the lungs, and eventually infect the central nervous system (CNS) [38].”
InfluentialGleason, J., Zhao, Y., Raitman, I., Kang, L., He, S., & HARIRI, R. J. (2022) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2055945 · Cited by 8
“In a recent chronic mouse model of mouse-adapted IAV infection, the disease progression and followup symptoms like IAV-associated neuroinflammation, were examined by up to 120 dpi.(51) In addition, the short persistence of CYNK-001 cells when infused in a xenogeneic setting into fully immune competent Balb/c mice was…”
Cognitive impairment in COVID-19: associations, pathogenesis and treatment questions
Golovacheva, V. A., Tabeeva, G. R., & Kuznetsov, I. V. (2021) · Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics · doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2021-2-123-129 · Cited by 9
“После заражения гриппом наблюдалось длительное ухудшение пространственной памяти [36].”
The fate of neuronal synapse homeostasis in aging, infection, and inflammation
Tacke, C., Landgraf, P., Dieterich, D. C., & Kröger, A. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00466.2024 · Cited by 9
Smith, S. P., Rayner, J. O., & Kim, J. H. (2025) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.02689-24 · Cited by 8
“For brain function, tests such as the Morris water maze and behavioral assessments can be utilized (16).”
Interferon‐induced protein ISG15 in the central nervous system, quo vadis?
Glass, A. M., & Navas, S. (2025) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.70063 · Cited by 9
Unravelling the Viral Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Evidence
Sighencea, M. G., & Trifu, S. C. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26157429 · Cited by 9
Gut dysbiosis leads to cognitive decline through CNTF-mediated activation of microglia in mice
Krishnapriya, Rishikesh, R., Kishanchand, D. K., Haack, I., Hosseini, S., Deepti, A., Sudhadevi, T., Michaelsen‐Preusse, K., Sivan, U., Körte, M., et al. (2025) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02454-x · Cited by 8
“To investigate hippocampal microglia, brain hemi-spheres were cryoprotected in a 30% sucrose solu-tion prepared in 1 × PBS for 24 h and subsequently embedded in Tissue-Tek optimal cutting temperature compound (Hartenstein Laborversand) at − 70 °C, following established protocols [121, 122].”
Self-citationWang, S., Zhang, H., Liu, R., Han, P., Yang, Q., Cheng, C., Chen, Y., Rong, Z., Su, C., Li, F., et al. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-04107-6 · Cited by 7
“They also negatively affect neuronal survival, function, synaptic plasticity, cognition, and emotion by inhibiting neurotrophic factors [12–14].”
Lorkiewicz, P., & Waszkiewicz, N. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1423739 · Cited by 10
Williams, P. A., & Wilson, C. G. (2020) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2020.103389 · Cited by 6
Microorganisms associated with increased risk of Parkinson’s disease
Fernández‐Espejo, E. (2022) · Neurología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.08.023 · Cited by 7
Reddy, M. K., Jayashankar, C. A., Kandi, V., Murthy, P. M., Harikrishna, G. V., Reddy, S., Manish, G. R., Sam, K. T., & Challa, S. T. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.36936 · Cited by 7
“However, the IBV, ICV, and IDVs can only undergo antigenic drifts or minor genetic alterations (Table 1) [1-21].”
BackgroundJuby, A. G., Cunnane, S. C., & Mager, D. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1126534 · Cited by 8
“info/coronavirus/ have shown a specific vulnerability of the hippocampus (14).”
BackgroundProphylactic clemastine treatment improves influenza A virus-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice
Tingling, J. D., Krauklis, S. A., Haak, P., Carr, R., Louie, A. Y., Johnson, R. W., & Steelman, A. J. (2024) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100891 · Cited by 5
“…areas, such as the hippocampus, the region of the brain responsible for spatial learning and memory (Heneka et al., 2014; Korte and Schmitz, 2016; Camara et al., 2015; Raison et al., 2006; Riazi et al., 2015; Thomson et al., 2014; Vitkovic et al., 2000; Jurgens et al., 2012; Hosseini et al., 2018).”
Zhang, Q., Liu, X., Ma, Q., & Zhang, J. (2024) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03251-z · Cited by 8
“To investigate the exploratory or anxiety like behavior of the mice in each group, the open-field test was performed [15] at 8 d after infection.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMild Respiratory COVID-Induced Neuroinflammation Causes Neurological Deficits
Yang, J., & Qiu, M. S. (2022) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-022-00990-y · Cited by 7
“Infection-induced neuroinflammation has been reported in both neurotropic [8] and non-neurotropic [9] virus-infected mice.”
BackgroundLemcke, R., Egebjerg, C., Berendtsen, N. T., Egerod, K. L., Thomsen, A. R., Pers, T. H., Christensen, J. P., & Kornum, B. R. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.87515 · Cited by 10
H7N7 viral infection elicits pronounced, sex-specific neuroinflammatory responses in vitro
Gabele, L., Bochow, I., Rieke, N., Sieben, C., Michaelsen‐Preusse, K., Hosseini, S., & Körte, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2024.1444876 · Cited by 6
Self-citationHigazy, D., Lin, X., Xie, T., Wang, K., Gao, X., & Cui, M. (2022) · Animal Diseases · doi:10.1186/s44149-022-00053-9 · Cited by 6
“Some preliminary work was carried out to study the influenza virus’s influence on causing brain diseases (Jurgens et al. 2012; Hosseini et al. 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialUniversality of the phenomenon of «neurotoxicity» (literature review)
Головко, А. И., Ivnitsky, J. J., Ivanov, M. B., & Rejniuk, V. L. (2021) · Toxicological Review · doi:10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-5-4-16 · Cited by 6
Donátová, K., Mladá, M., Lopušná, K., Baran, F., & Betáková, T. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25052460 · Cited by 5
“It was shown that infection with IAVs can lead to impairments in hippocampal function, and the histopathological changes are detectable at 30 and even 60 days post-infection in C57BL/6 mice [3].”
BackgroundTyler, S. E. B., & Tyler, L. D. K. (2023) · Brain Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.dscb.2023.100094 · Cited by 6
Microorganismos relacionados con un mayor riesgo de presentar la enfermedad de Parkinson
Fernández‐Espejo, E. (2020) · Neurología · doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2020.08.020 · Cited by 5
Williams, K. E., Zou, Y., Qiu, B., Kono, T., Guo, C., Garcia, D. K., Chen, H., Graves, T. J., Lai, Z., Evans‐Molina, C., et al. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13010089 · Cited by 5
The effects of urolithin A on poly I:C-induced microglial activation
Mingo, Y. B., Gabele, L., Lonnemann, N., Brône, B., Körte, M., & Hosseini, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2024.1343562 · Cited by 5
“Remarkably, even the ability to enter the CNS and cause neuronal infection does not appear to be a determining factor in whether a viral strain causes neurological complications (Hosseini et al., 2018; Jurga et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCationic Perylene Antivirals with Aqueous Solubility for Studies In Vivo
Андреевна, Ш. А., Валерьевна, Г. А., Alferova, V. A., Kamzeeva, P. N., Volok, V. P., Kolpakova, E. S., Nikitin, T. D., Chistov, A. A., Belyaev, E. S., Аркадьевич, К. В., et al. (2022) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph15101178 · Cited by 5
“Most of the compounds were able to penetrate the blood–brain barrier effectively, and derivative 10 demonstrated the highest level of intestinal absorption, and even distribution between the brain and blood, which may be useful in the treatment of various brain lesion complications associated with influenza (Table S1)…”
BackgroundParkinsonism associated with viral infection
Ivan, I., Irincu, L., Diaconu, Ș., & Falup‐Pecurariu, C. (2022) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2022.07.005 · Cited by 5
Nociceptor neurons shape antiviral immunity
Thomas, I., Roger, A., Rafei, M., Gee, K., Talbot, S., & Basta, S. (2026) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-026-03817-z · Cited by 4
“Interestingly, certain strains of IAV also show strong neurotropic potential [58].”
Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier During Neuroinflammatory and Neuroinfectious Diseases
Salimi, H., & Klein, R. S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-60006-7_7 · Cited by 4
Ozer, E. A., Keskin, A., Berrak, Y. H., Cankara, F., Can, F., Özdemir, Y., Keskin, Ö., Gürsoy, A., & Eser, H. Y. (2025) · Discover Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s44192-025-00128-2 · Cited by 4
“However, studies on younger mice did not show significant morphological changes in the brain [97], suggesting that age might be a key determinant of vulnerability to infection-induced neuroinflammation [11].”
Influenza Immunization in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants: Epidemiology and Long-Term Outcomes
Dammann, M.-T., Kraft, H., Stichtenoth, G., Hanke, K., Zemlin, M., Wenglein, J. S., Ricklefs, I., Herz, A., Humberg, A., Viemann, D., et al. (2025) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines13010042 · Cited by 4
Grandi, M. F., Drouville, A. S., & Fiorito, C. (2025) · Acta Biológica Colombiana · doi:10.15446/abc.v30n2.116579 · Cited by 4
Acute amnestic syndrome with hippocampal lesion due to influenza B-associated encephalopathy
Koll, K., Willinger, S., Urlesberger, K., & Pirker, W. (2020) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-020-01721-x · Cited by 4
Aydoğan, Z., Baş, B., & Aksoy, S. (2022) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0000000000000374 · Cited by 4
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Does Not Induce Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Talukdar, S. N., McGregor, B. A., Osan, J. K., Hur, J., & Mehedi, M. (2023) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00394-23 · Cited by 4
Understanding the mechanisms and treatments of long COVID to address future public health risks
Li, B., Bai, J., Xiong, Y., Guo, D., Fu, B., Deng, G., & Wu, H. (2024) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122938 · Cited by 4
Grandi, M. F., Drouville, A. S., & Fiorito, C. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4675610 · Cited by 4
Viral modulation of synaptic pruning: implications for neuropathology and brain function
Aliakbari, S., Asadi, S., Sayyah, M., Naderi, N., Salarvandian, S., Khodagholi, F., & Pourbadie, H. G. (2026) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01684-25 · Cited by 4
“…the acute influenza virus can change hippocampal dendritic spine density, thereby influencing synaptic plasticity and structure through a decrease in neurotrophic factor signaling and immunomodula tory factors (173), which are critical for synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival in the brain.”
Rzymski, P. (2026) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines14030207 · Cited by 3
“Experimental models support a link between influenza infection and pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, showing persistent microglial activation, neuronal damage, and increased amyloid-β plaque burden after peripheral infection [80,81], although epidemiological data are inconclusive [82].”
Al-Shalan, H. A. M., Hu, D., Wang, P., Uddin, M. J., Chopra, A., Greene, W. K., & Ma, B. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15112198 · Cited by 3
Benavides, F. F. W., Kroeze, E. J. B. V., Leijten, L. M. E., Schmitz, K. S., van Run, P., Kuiken, T., de Vries, R. D., Bauer, L., & van Riel, D. A. J. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0311449 · Cited by 3
“Additionally, electrophysiology could elucidate changes in synaptic plasticity upon infection, which is observed after infection with other respiratory viruses like influenza A viruses [44,51].”
Ocular neuroinflammatory response secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection-a review
Zhao, Y., Tang, Y., Wang, Q. Y., & Li, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1515768 · Cited by 6
Brizić, I., Mihalić, A., Kveštak, D., Lisnić, B., Krstanović, F., Hosseini, S., Sitnik, K., Golemac, M., Lisnić, V. J., Rashidi, A., et al. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5144336/v1 · Cited by 2
Self-citationImmune responses underpinning acute co-infections with unrelated viruses: timing and location matter
Foo, I. J. H., Kedzierski, Ł., & Kedzierska, K. (2025) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxaf018 · Cited by 2
“Here, we discuss how the timing and sequence of co-infection affect anti-viral immunity.”
Gaulke, C. A., Yuan, F., Yang, L., Duan, L., Connolly, M. G., Hsiao, S.-H., Antonson, A. M., & Fāng, Y. (2025) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110544 · Cited by 2
Xizi, S., Sun, Y., Hosseini, S., Chen, F., Cordes, T., Körte, M., & Michaelsen‐Preusse, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2025.1684398 · Cited by 2
Self-citationWhen viral infections rewire neural circuits: towards cognitive virology
Bouget, J., Partiot, E., & Gaudin, R. (2025) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2025.10.005 · Cited by 3
Leong, C., Luan, J., Wang, R., Xu, M., Yu, H., Zhu, L., Shu, N., Ouyang, G., Xia, H., Ma, G., et al. (2026) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cns.70677 · Cited by 2
Park, E.-S., Park, B.-B., Kim, R.-E., Hong, Y., Kwon, K. J., & Shin, C. Y. (2026) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2026.106122 · Cited by 2
Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on brain and behavior
Uzbay, T. I. (2021) · Journal of Research in Pharmacy · doi:10.29228/jrp.69 · Cited by 1
“Inflammatory cytokines can impair hippocampal long-term potentiation and influence synaptic plasticity and memory formation negatively [72].”
BackgroundInfluentialFeatures of Damage to Vital Organs Due to SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Lavrishcheva, Y. V., Конради, А. О., & Jakovenko, A. A. (2022) · Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) · doi:10.36485/1561-6274-2022-26-4-9-17 · Cited by 2
Non-polio enteroviruses compromise the electrophysiology of a human iPSC-derived neural networkPreprint
Benavides, F. F. W., Ayudhya, S. S. N., Power, M. A., Rijnink, W. F., Deguergue, A., Meyer, B., de Vrij, F. M. S., van Riel, D. A. J., Lanko, K., & Bauer, L. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.08.27.672623 · Cited by 2
“It 30–33 Electrophysiology is a widely used tool to investigate neurotransmission and can be used both in vitro and in vivo .”
Virally-initiated pain states: phenotypes, mechanisms, and future directions
Dochnal, S. A., Cohen, S. P., Hutchinson, M. R., Miller, Y. I., & Yaksh, T. L. (2025) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2025.1527106 · Cited by 1
Neuroglial responses to bacterial, viral, and fungal neuroinfections
Awogbindin, I. O., Šimončičová, E., Vidal, V., Ash, C., & Tremblay, M. (2025) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-19102-2.00027-2 · Cited by 1
Lai, H. C., Zhuo, J., Treisman, G. J., Gerstenblith, G., Celentano, D. D., Yang, Y., Salmeron, B. J., Gu, H., Leucker, T. M., Liang, X., et al. (2025) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2025.100988 · Cited by 1
Influenza A virus infection impairs neuronal activity in human iPSC-derived NGN2 neural co-cultures
Benavides, F. F. W., Kempff, A., Smeenk, H., Lendemeijer, B., Lavrijsen, M., Slotman, J. A., Kushner, S. A., de Vrij, F. M. S., Bauer, L., & van Riel, D. A. J. (2026) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-026-02292-0 · Cited by 1
“Asterisks indicate a positive discovery (*) spontaneous neural activity and excitability in pH1N1 2009 virus inoculated neural co-cultures could play a role in behavior and cognitive impairments as shown by Hos-seini et al. [23].”
InfluentialAl-Rashdi, J., BaAlawi, F., Maamari, K. A., Al‐Ajmi, E., Yazidi, L. S. A., Elsidig, N., Sarour, S. A., Alshekaili, J., Al-Futaisi, A. M., & Amrani, F. A. (2025) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000005046 · Cited by 1
Association between influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections and mood disorders
Xiang, Y., Wang, W., Zhu, J., Chen, Z., & Huang, W. (2026) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2026.101182 · Cited by 1
“…non-neurotropic respiratory viruses — such as influenza virus subtypes H1N1 and H3N2 — cannot directly invade the CNS, they can activate glial cells via peripheral immune responses, thereby inducing inflammation and damage within the nervous system (Bohmwald et al., 2018; Hosseini et al., 2018).”
Ohm, M., He, W., Bruder, D., Hiller, K., Körte, M., & Hosseini, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1776302 · Cited by 1
Self-citationIFN-β as a therapeutic agent for influenza A virus infection in old mice
Wu, W., Alexander, J. S., Song, Y., Booth, J. L., Ford, A. K., Metcalf, J. P., & Drevets, D. A. (2026) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-026-02198-8 · Cited by 1
“Cognitive defects in young adult mice after infection with IAV H1N1 PR8 were identified by Jurgens et al. [67], but not by Hosseini et al. although they did observe long-term neurocognitive defects after a non-neuroin-vasive strain of IAV H3N2 [68].”
Shimazu, Y., Isoda, N., Hiono, T., Hew, Y. L., Kobayashi, D., Shibazaki, M., Nguyen, B. L., Morita, T., Obara, R. D., Miki, M., et al. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0347205 · Cited by 1
Yoon, G. Y., Chung, Y. C., Choi, J. H., Ha, Y., Seo, S. Y., Ku, K. B., Kim, D. Y., Hwang, W. Y., Jeong, G. U., Ahn, D., et al. (2026) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-026-03842-y · Cited by 1
“Neurological sequelae often persist after overt inflammatory signatures wane, and all neurotropic viruses do not produce the same phenotype despite comparable immune activation [13, 14].”
Memory Impairments: Type, Causes, and Molecular Players—Memory Dysfunction Across Neurologic Insults
Farooqui, S. A., Santerre, M., Shcherbik, N., & Sawaya, B. E. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15100923 · Cited by 2
“Influenza Virus Influenza virus rarely achieves direct CNS entry in immunocompetent individuals, yet severe influenza infection produces cognitive impairment persisting for months to years in 15–30% of cases, predominantly affecting episodic memory, attention, and executive function [73].”
Decoding the lung-brain axis in influenza: from pulmonary infection to central nervous system injury
Liang, X., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Chen, C., Li, L., & Lu, F. (2026) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-026-03958-1 · Cited by 1
“…invade the CNS, it activates peripheral immunity, induces interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release, stimulates glial cells to express inflammatory chemokines, and promotes immune cell infiltration into the CNS. Exposure to influenza virus may also increase immune cell migration across the BBB and BCSFB [80].”
Park, H., Kim, K.-R., Huh, H. J., Yoon, Y., Park, E., Cho, J., Lee, J., Lee, J., Kim, J. H., & Kim, Y. (2023) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e358 · Cited by 1
Bartak, M., Krahel, W. D., Gregorczyk-Zboroch, K. P., Chodkowski, M., Potărniche, A.-V., Długosz, E., Krzyżowska, M., & Cymerys, J. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14090637 · Cited by 1
Respiratory viral infections and associated neurological manifestations
Hosseini, S., Michaelsen‐Preusse, K., & Körte, M. (2021) · e-Neuroforum · doi:10.1515/nf-2020-0035 · Cited by 1
“These viruses are neither neuroinvasive nor neurovirulent and therefore cannotpenetrate or replicate in theCNSbut only in the respiratory tract (Atluri et al., 2015; Hosseini et al., 2018).”
InfluentialSelf-citationShimazu, Y., Isoda, N., Hiono, T., Lim, H. Y., Kobayashi, D., Shibazaki, M., Nguyen, L. B., Morita, T., Obara, R. D., Miki, M., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.24.684283 · Cited by 1
Influenza A infection accelerates disease-associated microglia formation during physiological agingPreprint
Grant, R. A., Runyan, C. E., Minogue, G., Stoolman, J. S., Watanabe, S., Chen, F., Senkow, K. J., Cusick, L., Schleck, M. J., Nafikova, R. A., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.11.693336 · Cited by 1
“Changes in microglia and neurons have been observed during acute infection of rodents with influenza viruses and SARS CoV-2 11–15 .”
Features of the course of influenza in some categories of neurological patients
Demianovskaya, E. G., & Vasiliev, A. S. (2021) · Лечащий врач · doi:10.51793/os.2021.24.3.011
Неврологические аспекты COVID‑19 и его влияние на формирование деменции у пожилых людей
Вишнева, Е. М., & Веснина, Н. С. (2021) · Естественные и Технические Науки · doi:10.37882/2223-2966.2021.05.07
dos Santos, I. P. (2022) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2022.tde-09092022-091724
Lemcke, R., Egebjerg, C., Berendtsen, N. T., Egerod, K. L., Thomsen, A. R., Pers, T. H., Christensen, J. P., & Kornum, B. R. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.06.530999
“The upregulation of Lrrc8a suggests changes in astrocytic morphology in the hypothalamus in our model, comparable to what has been reported in the hippocampus during peripheral IAV infections ( Hosseini et al., 2018 ).”
InfluentialRSV infection does not induce EMTPreprint
Talukdar, S. N., McGregor, B. A., Osan, J. K., Hur, J., & Mehedi, M. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.13.532506
Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Patients with COVID-19
Sinanović, O. (2023) · Science, Art and Religion. · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-11005-0038
Verzele, N. A. J., Short, K. R., Mazzone, S. B., & McGovern, A. E. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25702-5_3
René, L., Christine, E., Berendtsen Nicolai, T., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.87515.1.sa0
Lemcke, R., Egebjerg, C., Berendtsen, N. T., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.87515.1.sa1
Lemcke, R., Egebjerg, C., Berendtsen, N. T., Egerod, K. L., Thomsen, A. R., Pers, T. H., Christensen, J. P., & Kornum, B. R. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.87515.1 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Hosseini, S., Wilk, E., Michaelsen-Preusse, K., Gerhauser, I., Baumgärtner, W., Geffers, R., Schughart, K., & Korte, M.
- Affiliations
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (DE)
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation (DE)
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2018-02-27
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3060-3080
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6596076
- OpenAlex
- W2788200071
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 7.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digitale Bibliothek Braunschweig (Verbundzentrale Göttingen (VZG)) (submittedVersion)
- HZI (Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- LeoPARD - TU Braunschweig Publications And Research Data
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Keywords
- influenza A virus, neuroinflammation, hippocampus, dendritic spine loss, H7N7, H3N2, H1N1, microglial activation, long-term potentiation, spatial memory impairment, neuronal morphology, transcriptome, cognitive impairment, viral encephalitis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Hippocampus, Inflammation, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Dendritic Spines, Mice, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
