Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat

Morris, Richard

doi:10.1016/0165-0270(84)90007-4

Cited by 7,180Memory and Neural MechanismsSpatial Cognition and NavigationCognitive Abilities and Testing

Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat

Morris, Richard·1984·Journal of Neuroscience Methods

DOI 10.1016/0165-0270(84)90007-4

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Developments of an open-field water-maze procedure in which rats learn to escape from opaque water onto a hidden platform are described. These include a procedure (A) for automatically tracking the spatial location of a hooded rat without the use of attached light-emitting diodes; (B) for studying different aspects of spatial memory (e.g. working memory); and (C) for studying non-spatial discrimination learning. The speed with which rats learn these tasks suggests that they may lend themselves to a variety of behavioural investigations, including pharmacological work and studies of cerebral function.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0165-0270(84)90007-4

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Morris Water Maze assesses spatial reference memory.
“The Morris Water Maze (MWM) was used to assess spatial reference memory [48] and was performed as previously described [21].”
From Characterization of a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Expressing Aβ4-42 and Human Mutant Tau (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
Cued acquisition trials were conducted after the last probe trial to determine whether differences in learning and memory could be attributed to impaired eyesight, swimming ability, or motivation to escape.
“Cued acquisition trials were conducted after the last probe trial to determine whether differences in learning and memory could be attributed to impaired eyesight, swimming ability, or motivation to escape (Morris, 1984).”
From The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ prevents loss of spatial memory retention and early neuropathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (2011) · cites this paper as Morris, 1984

Sorted by citations

Correlative Memory Deficits, Aβ Elevation, and Amyloid Plaques in Transgenic Mice
Hsiao, K., Chapman, P., Nilsen, S., Eckman, C., Harigaya, Y., Younkin, S., Yang, F., & Cole, G. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5284.99 · Cited by 4,210 · see citing works
Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus
van Praag, H., Kempermann, G., & Gage, F. H. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/6368 · Cited by 3,880 · see citing works
Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, AP5
Morris, R. G. M., Anderson, E., Lynch, G. S., & Baudry, M. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/319774a0 · Cited by 3,640 · see citing works
Self-citation
Are the Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus Functionally Distinct Structures?
Fanselow, M. S., & Dong, H.-W. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.11.031 · Cited by 3,358 · see citing works
Running enhances neurogenesis, learning, and long-term potentiation in mice
van Praag, H., Christie, B. R., Sejnowski, T. J., & Gage, F. H. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.23.13427 · Cited by 2,904 · see citing works
Learning and Memory Functions of the Basal Ganglia
Packard, M. G., & Knowlton, B. J. (2002) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142937 · Cited by 1,717 · see citing works
Stress and glucocorticoids impair retrieval of long-term spatial memory
de Quervain, D. J.-F., Roozendaal, B., & McGaugh, J. L. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/29542 · Cited by 1,182 · see citing works
The Molecular and Systems Biology of Memory
Kandel, E. R., Dudai, Y., & Mayford, M. R. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.001 · Cited by 1,134 · see citing works
Cytokines for psychologists: Implications of bidirectional immune-to-brain communication for understanding behavior, mood, and cognition.
Maier, S. F., & Watkins, L. R. (1998) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.105.1.83 · Cited by 1,130 · see citing works
Inhibition of mTOR by Rapamycin Abolishes Cognitive Deficits and Reduces Amyloid-β Levels in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Spilman, P., Podlutskaya, N., Hart, M. J., Debnath, J., Gorostiza, O., Bredesen, D., Richardson, A., Strong, R., & Galvan, V. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009979 · Cited by 1,033 · see citing works
Reversals of age-related declines in neuronal signal transduction, cognitive, and motor behavioral deficits with blueberry, spinach, or strawberry dietary supplementation
Joseph, J. A., Shukitt-Hale, B., Denisova, N. A., Bielinski, D., Martin, A., McEwen, J. J., & Bickford, P. C. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-18-08114.1999 · Cited by 980 · see citing works
The hippocampus—what does it do?
Eichenbaum, H., Otto, T., & Cohen, N. J. (1992) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/0163-1047(92)90724-i · Cited by 867 · see citing works
Multi-sensory Gamma Stimulation Ameliorates Alzheimer’s-Associated Pathology and Improves Cognition
Martorell, A. J., Paulson, A. L., Suk, H.-J., Abdurrob, F., Drummond, G. T., Guan, W., Young, J. Z., Kim, D. N.-W., Kritskiy, O., Barker, S. J., et al. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.014 · Cited by 798 · see citing works
Neuro-inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide causes cognitive impairment through enhancement of beta-amyloid generation
Lee, J. W., Lee, Y. K., Yuk, D. Y., Choi, D. Y., Ban, S. B., Oh, K. W., & Hong, J. T. (2008) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-5-37 · Cited by 772 · see citing works
The Restless Engram: Consolidations Never End
Dudai, Y. (2012) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150500 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
A disintegrin-metalloproteinase prevents amyloid plaque formation and hippocampal defects in an Alzheimer disease mouse model
Postina, R., Schroeder, A., Dewachter, I., Bohl, J., Schmitt, U., Kojro, E., Prinzen, C., Endres, K., Hiemke, C., Blessing, M., et al. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci20864 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Enhanced Learning and Memory and Altered GABAergic Synaptic Transmission in Mice Lacking the α5 Subunit of the GABA A Receptor
Collinson, N., Kuenzi, F. M., Jarolimek, W., Maubach, K. A., Cothliff, R., Sur, C., Smith, A., Otu, F. M., Howell, O., Atack, J. R., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-13-05572.2002 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
Reactive microglia drive tau pathology and contribute to the spreading of pathological tau in the brain
Maphis, N., Xu, G., Kokiko-Cochran, O. N., Jiang, S., Cardona, A., Ransohoff, R. M., Lamb, B. T., & Bhaskar, K. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv081 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
The prefrontal cortex as a key target of the maladaptive response to stress
Cerqueira, J. J., Mailliet, F., Almeida, O. F. X., Jay, T. M., & Sousa, N. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4372-06.2007 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
IL-4 in the brain: a cytokine to remember
Gadani, S. P., Cronk, J. C., Norris, G. T., & Kipnis, J. (2012) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1202246 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Ventral hippocampal lesions affect anxiety but not spatial learning
Bannerman, D. M., Grubb, M., Deacon, R. M. J., Yee, B. K., Feldon, J., & Rawlins, J. N. P. (2003) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00268-1 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Gut microbiota mediates intermittent-fasting alleviation of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment
Liu, Z., Dai, X., Zhang, H., Shi, R., Hui, Y., Jin, X., Zhang, W., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, D., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14676-4 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibition prevents microglial plaque association and improves cognition in 3xTg-AD mice
Dagher, N. N., Najafi, A. R., Kayala, K. M. N., Elmore, M. R. P., White, T. E., Medeiros, R., West, B. L., & Green, K. N. (2015) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0366-9 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Profound Impairment in Social Recognition and Reduction in Anxiety-Like Behavior in Vasopressin V1a Receptor Knockout Mice
Bielsky, I. F., Hu, S.-B., Szegda, K. L., Westphal, H., & Young, L. J. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300360 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Environmental Enrichment Mitigates Cognitive Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Jankowsky, J. L., Melnikova, T., Fadale, D. J., Xu, G. M., Slunt, H. H., Gonzales, V., Younkin, L. H., Younkin, S. G., Borchelt, D. R., & Savonenko, A. V. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5080-04.2005 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Impaired Spatial Learning after Saturation of Long-Term Potentiation
Moser, E. I., Krobert, K. A., Moser, M.-B., & Morris, R. G. M. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5385.2038 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neuronal glutathione deficiency and age-dependent neurodegeneration in the EAAC1 deficient mouse
Aoyama, K., Suh, S. W., Hamby, A. M., Liu, J., Chan, W. Y., Chen, Y., & Swanson, R. A. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1609 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Mechanisms of late-onset cognitive decline after early-life stress
Brunson, K. L., Kramár, E., Lin, B., Chen, Y., Colgin, L. L., Yanagihara, T. K., Lynch, G., & Baram, T. Z. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2281-05.2005 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Endothelial LRP1 transports amyloid-β1–42 across the blood-brain barrier
Storck, S. E., Meister, S., Nahrath, J., Meißner, J. N., Schubert, N., Di Spiezio, A., Baches, S., Vandenbroucke, R. E., Bouter, Y., Prikulis, I., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci81108 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Learning deficit in BDNF mutant mice.
Linnarsson, S., Björklund, A., & Ernfors, P. (1997) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01687.x · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Why new neurons? Possible functions for adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Kempermann, G. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-03-00635.2002 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
A model of parasagittal controlled cortical impact in the mouse: cognitive and histopathologic effects
SMITH, D. H., SOARES, H. D., PIERCE, J. S., PERLMAN, K. G., SAATMAN, K. E., MEANEY, D. F., DIXON, C. E., & McINTOSH, T. K. (1995) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.1995.12.169 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Behavioral phenotyping strategies for mutant mice
Crawley, J. N. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.03.001 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Experience-dependent facilitating effect of corticosterone on spatial memory formation in the water maze
Sandi, C., Loscertales, M., & Guaza, C. (1997) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01412.x · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Antibody against early driver of neurodegeneration cis P-tau blocks brain injury and tauopathy
Kondo, A., Shahpasand, K., Mannix, R., Qiu, J., Moncaster, J., Chen, C.-H., Yao, Y., Lin, Y.-M., Driver, J. A., Sun, Y., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14658 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Tau-driven 26S proteasome impairment and cognitive dysfunction can be prevented early in disease by activating cAMP-PKA signaling
Myeku, N., Clelland, C. L., Emrani, S., Kukushkin, N. V., Yu, W. H., Goldberg, A. L., & Duff, K. E. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4011 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Impairment of long-term potentiation and spatial memory in leptin receptor-deficient rodents
Li, X.-L., Aou, S., Oomura, Y., Hori, N., Fukunaga, K., & Hori, T. (2002) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00162-8 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Neuroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid on scopolamine-induced amnesia via anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-oxidative activities in mice
Kwon, S.-H., Lee, H.-K., Kim, J.-A., Hong, S.-I., Kim, H.-C., Jo, T.-H., Park, Y.-I., Lee, C.-K., Kim, Y.-B., Lee, S.-Y., et al. (2010) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.001 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ prevents loss of spatial memory retention and early neuropathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
McManus, M. J., Murphy, M. P., & Franklin, J. L. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0552-11.2011 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
A Dramatic Increase of C1q Protein in the CNS during Normal Aging
Stephan, A. H., Madison, D. V., Mateos, J. M., Fraser, D. A., Lovelett, E. A., Coutellier, L., Kim, L., Tsai, H.-H., Huang, E. J., Rowitch, D. H., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1333-13.2013 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Hippocampal dysfunction and cognitive impairments provoked by chronic early-life stress involve excessive activation of CRH receptors
Ivy, A. S., Rex, C. S., Chen, Y., Dubé, C., Maras, P. M., Grigoriadis, D. E., Gall, C. M., Lynch, G., & Baram, T. Z. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1784-10.2010 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Memory Impairment in Transgenic Alzheimer Mice Requires Cellular Prion Protein
Gimbel, D. A., Nygaard, H. B., Coffey, E. E., Gunther, E. C., Laurén, J., Gimbel, Z. A., & Strittmatter, S. M. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0395-10.2010 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Reversible memory loss in a mouse transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease
Kotilinek, L. A., Bacskai, B., Westerman, M., Kawarabayashi, T., Younkin, L., Hyman, B. T., Younkin, S., & Ashe, K. H. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-15-06331.2002 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Endogenous anxiety and stress responses in water maze and Barnes maze spatial memory tasks
Harrison, F. E., Hosseini, A. H., & McDonald, M. P. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.015 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Double dissociation of function within the hippocampus: A comparison of dorsal, ventral, and complete hippocampal cytotoxic lesions
Bannerman, D. M., Yee, B. K., Good, M. A., Heupel, M. J., Iversen, S. D., & Rawlins, J. N. P. (1999) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.113.6.1170 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Exercise hormone irisin is a critical regulator of cognitive function
Islam, M. R., Valaris, S., Young, M. F., Haley, E. B., Luo, R., Bond, S. F., Mazuera, S., Kitchen, R. R., Caldarone, B. J., Bettio, L. E. B., et al. (2021) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-021-00438-z · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Isoform-specific effects of human apolipoprotein E on brain function revealed in ApoE knockout mice: Increased susceptibility of females
Raber, J., Wong, D., Buttini, M., Orth, M., Bellosta, S., Pitas, R. E., Mahley, R. W., & Mucke, L. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.18.10914 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Effects of the enteric bacterial metabolic product propionic acid on object-directed behavior, social behavior, cognition, and neuroinflammation in adolescent rats: Relevance to autism spectrum disorder
MacFabe, D. F., Cain, N. E., Boon, F., Ossenkopp, K.-P., & Cain, D. P. (2011) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.10.005 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Memory reconsolidation: sensitivity of spatial memory to inhibition of protein synthesis in dorsal hippocampus during encoding and retrieval
Morris, R. G. M., Inglis, J., Ainge, J. A., Olverman, H. J., Tulloch, J., Dudai, Y., & Kelly, P. A. T. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.04.012 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Self-citation
Age-Dependent Impairment of Cognitive and Synaptic Function in the htau Mouse Model of Tau Pathology
Polydoro, M., Acker, C. M., Duff, K., Castillo, P. E., & Davies, P. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1065-09.2009 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Hippocampal Insulin Resistance Impairs Spatial Learning and Synaptic Plasticity
Grillo, C. A., Piroli, G. G., Lawrence, R. C., Wrighten, S. A., Green, A. J., Wilson, S. P., Sakai, R. R., Kelly, S. J., Wilson, M. A., Mott, D. D., et al. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db15-0596 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Double dissociation of function within the hippocampus: Spatial memory and hyponeophagia.
Bannerman, D. M., Deacon, R. M. J., Offen, S., Friswell, J., Grubb, M., & Rawlins, J. N. P. (2002) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.116.5.884 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Inhibitory effect of curcuminoids on acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuation of scopolamine-induced amnesia may explain medicinal use of turmeric in Alzheimer’s disease
Ahmed, T., & Gilani, A.-H. (2009) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2008.09.010 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
The NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor OLT1177 rescues cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Lonnemann, N., Hosseini, S., Marchetti, C., Skouras, D. B., Stefanoni, D., D’Alessandro, A., Dinarello, C. A., & Korte, M. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2009680117 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces cognitive dysfunction, mediated by neuronal inflammation via activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway in C57BL/6 mice
Zhang, J., Yu, C., Zhang, X., Chen, H., Dong, J., Lu, W., Song, Z., & Zhou, W. (2018) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-017-1052-x · Cited by 297 · see citing works
(Over)correction of FMR1 deficiency with YAC transgenics: behavioral and physical features
Peier, A. M. (2000) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/9.8.1145 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Cognitive and Physical Activity Differently Modulate Disease Progression in the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP)-23 Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Wolf, S. A., Kronenberg, G., Lehmann, K., Blankenship, A., Overall, R., Staufenbiel, M., & Kempermann, G. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.004 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Behavioral Test Battery to Assess Learning and Memory in 129S6/Tg2576 Mice
Wolf, A., Bauer, B., Abner, E. L., Ashkenazy-Frolinger, T., & Hartz, A. M. S. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147733 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Retinoic Acid Attenuates β-Amyloid Deposition and Rescues Memory Deficits in an Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Mouse Model
Ding, Y., Qiao, A., Wang, Z., Goodwin, J. S., Lee, E.-S., Block, M. L., Allsbrook, M., McDonald, M. P., & Fan, G.-H. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3153-08.2008 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Berberine ameliorates β-amyloid pathology, gliosis, and cognitive impairment in an Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse model
Durairajan, S. S. K., Liu, L.-F., Lu, J.-H., Chen, L.-L., Yuan, Q., Chung, S. K., Huang, L., Li, X.-S., Huang, J.-D., & Li, M. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.02.016 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Consolidating memories
McGaugh, J. L. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-014954 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Brevican-Deficient Mice Display Impaired Hippocampal CA1 Long-Term Potentiation but Show No Obvious Deficits in Learning and Memory
Brakebusch, C., Seidenbecher, C. I., Asztely, F., Rauch, U., Matthies, H., Meyer, H., Krug, M., Böckers, T. M., Zhou, X., Kreutz, M. R., et al. (2002) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.22.21.7417-7427.2002 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Prenatal stressors in rodents: Effects on behavior
Weinstock, M. (2017) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.08.004 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Specific neurodevelopmental damage in mice offspring following maternal inflammation during pregnancy
Golan, H. M., Lev, V., Hallak, M., Sorokin, Y., & Huleihel, M. (2005) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.12.023 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Long-Term Neuroinflammation Induced by Influenza A Virus Infection and the Impact on Hippocampal Neuron Morphology and Function
Hosseini, S., Wilk, E., Michaelsen-Preusse, K., Gerhauser, I., Baumgärtner, W., Geffers, R., Schughart, K., & Korte, M. (2018) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1740-17.2018 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
“To investigate the effects of IAV infection on cognitive function, spatial learning and memory formation were assessed using the initial training and the reversal learning phase of the Morris water maze paradigm (Morris, 1984; Vorhees and Williams, 2006).”
Method
Active and passive immunotherapy for neurodegenerative disorders
Brody, D. L., & Holtzman, D. M. (2008) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125529 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Influenza Infection Induces Neuroinflammation, Alters Hippocampal Neuron Morphology, and Impairs Cognition in Adult Mice
Jurgens, H. A., Amancherla, K., & Johnson, R. W. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6389-11.2012 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Anti-Alzheimer Properties of Probiotic, Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 1325 in Alzheimer’s Disease induced Albino Rats
Nimgampalle, M. (2017) · JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH · doi:10.7860/jcdr/2017/26106.10428 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Protective effects of idebenone and α‐tocopherol on β‐amyloid‐(1–42)‐induced learning and memory deficits in rats: implication of oxidative stress in β‐amyloid‐induced neurotoxicity in vivo
Yamada, K., Tanaka, T., Han, D., Senzaki, K., Kameyama, T., & Nabeshima, T. (1999) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00408.x · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Is the avian hippocampus a functional homologue of the mammalian hippocampus?
Colombo, M., & Broadbent, N. (2000) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(00)00016-6 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Long-term, progressive hippocampal cell loss and dysfunction induced by early-life administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone reproduce the effects of early-life stress
Brunson, K. L., Eghbal-Ahmadi, M., Bender, R., Chen, Y., & Baram, T. Z. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.151224898 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Rivastigmine-loaded PLGA and PBCA nanoparticles: Preparation, optimization, characterization, in vitro and pharmacodynamic studies
Joshi, S. A., Chavhan, S. S., & Sawant, K. K. (2010) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.07.007 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Improved spatial learning performance of fat-1 mice is associated with enhanced neurogenesis and neuritogenesis by docosahexaenoic acid
He, C., Qu, X., Cui, L., Wang, J., & Kang, J. X. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0904835106 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Amelioration of cognitive deficits and neurodegeneration by curcumin in rat model of sporadic dementia of Alzheimer’s type (SDAT)
Ishrat, T., Hoda, M. N., Khan, M. B., Yousuf, S., Ahmad, M., Khan, M. M., Ahmad, A., & Islam, F. (2009) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2009.02.002 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Characterizing newly repopulated microglia in the adult mouse: impacts on animal behavior, cell morphology, and neuroinflammation
Elmore, M. R. P., Lee, R. J., West, B. L., & Green, K. N. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122912 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen mediate stress-induced decline of neuronal and cognitive functions in the mouse hippocampus
Pawlak, R., Rao, B. S. S., Melchor, J. P., Chattarji, S., McEwen, B., & Strickland, S. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0509232102 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Causal Influence of Visual Cues on Hippocampal Directional Selectivity
Acharya, L., Aghajan, Z. M., Vuong, C., Moore, J. J., & Mehta, M. R. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.015 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Beneficial effects of exercise and its molecular mechanisms on depression in rats.
Zheng, H., Liu, Y., Li, W., Yang, B., Chen, D., Wang, X., Jiang, Z., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Cornelisson, G., et al. (2006) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2005.10.007 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Evidence for a paradoxical sleep window for place learning in the Morris water maze
Smith, C., & Rose, G. M. (1996) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)02054-3 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Tau Phosphorylation and Sevoflurane Anesthesia: An Association to Postoperative Cognitive Impairment
Le Freche, H., Brouillette, J., Fernandez-Gomez, F.-J., Patin, P., Caillierez, R., Zommer, N., Sergeant, N., Buée-Scherrer, V., Lebuffe, G., Blum, D., et al. (2012) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e31824be8c7 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Mildly impaired water maze performance in maleFmr1 knockout mice
D'Hooge, R., Nagels, G., Franck, F., Bakker, C. E., Reyniers, E., Storm, K., Kooy, R. F., Oostra, B. A., Willems, P. J., & De Deyn, P. P. (1997) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00224-2 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Early Stress Evokes Age-Dependent Biphasic Changes in Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Bdnf Expression, and Cognition
Suri, D., Veenit, V., Sarkar, A., Thiagarajan, D., Kumar, A., Nestler, E. J., Galande, S., & Vaidya, V. A. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.023 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Combination of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 reduces post-myocardial infarction depression symptoms and restores intestinal permeability in a rat model
Arseneault-Bréard, J., Rondeau, I., Gilbert, K., Girard, S.-A., Tompkins, T. A., Godbout, R., & Rousseau, G. (2012) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511005137 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Neuroinflammatory Dynamics Underlie Memory Impairments after Repeated Social Defeat
McKim, D. B., Niraula, A., Tarr, A. J., Wohleb, E. S., Sheridan, J. F., & Godbout, J. P. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2394-15.2016 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
The touchscreen operant platform for testing working memory and pattern separation in rats and mice.
Oomen, C. A., Hvoslef-Eide, M., Heath, C. J., Mar, A. C., Horner, A. E., Bussey, T. J., & Saksida, L. M. (2013) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2013.124 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
NGF Is Essential for Hippocampal Plasticity and Learning
Conner, J. M., Franks, K. M., Titterness, A. K., Russell, K., Merrill, D. A., Christie, B. R., Sejnowski, T. J., & Tuszynski, M. H. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2594-09.2009 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Opposite effects of early maternal deprivation on neurogenesis in male versus female rats
Oomen, C. A., Girardi, C. E. N., Cahyadi, R., Verbeek, E. C., Krugers, H., Joëls, M., & Lucassen, P. J. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003675 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Assessing cognitive decline in the aging brain: lessons from rodent and human studies
Brito, D. V. C., Esteves, F., Rajado, A. T., Silva, N., ALFA score Consortium, Andrade, R., Apolónio, J., Calado, S., Faleiro, L., Matos, C., et al. (2023) · npj Aging · doi:10.1038/s41514-023-00120-6 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
N-truncated amyloid β (Aβ) 4-42 forms stable aggregates and induces acute and long-lasting behavioral deficits
Bouter, Y., Dietrich, K., Wittnam, J. L., Rezaei-Ghaleh, N., Pillot, T., Papot-Couturier, S., Lefebvre, T., Sprenger, F., Wirths, O., Zweckstetter, M., et al. (2013) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1129-2 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Developmental Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls Interferes with Experience-Dependent Dendritic Plasticity and Ryanodine Receptor Expression in Weanling Rats
Yang, D., Kim, K. H., Phimister, A., Bachstetter, A. D., Ward, T. R., Stackman, R. W., Mervis, R. F., Wisniewski, A. B., Klein, S. L., Kodavanti, P. R. S., et al. (2009) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.11771 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Extranuclear Estrogen Receptors Mediate the Neuroprotective Effects of Estrogen in the Rat Hippocampus
Yang, L.-C., Zhang, Q.-G., Zhou, C.-F., Yang, F., Zhang, Y.-D., Wang, R.-M., & Brann, D. W. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009851 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Enriched environment experience overcomes the memory deficits and depressive-like behavior induced by early life stress.
Cui, M., Yang, Y., Yang, J., Zhang, J., Han, H., Ma, W., Li, H., Mao, R., Xu, L., Hao, W., et al. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.05.048 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Effects of curcumin on learning and memory deficits, BDNF, and ERK protein expression in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress
Liu, D., Wang, Z., Gao, Z., Xie, K., Zhang, Q., Jiang, H., & Pang, Q. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.068 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Framing Spatial Cognition: Neural Representations of Proximal and Distal Frames of Reference and Their Roles in Navigation
Knierim, J. J., & Hamilton, D. A. (2011) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00021.2010 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Goal-oriented searching mediated by ventral hippocampus early in trial-and-error learning
Ruediger, S., Spirig, D., Donato, F., & Caroni, P. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3224 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Prion-Protein-interacting Amyloid-β Oligomers of High Molecular Weight Are Tightly Correlated with Memory Impairment in Multiple Alzheimer Mouse Models
Kostylev, M. A., Kaufman, A. C., Nygaard, H. B., Patel, P., Haas, L. T., Gunther, E. C., Vortmeyer, A., & Strittmatter, S. M. (2015) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.643577 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Progeny of mothers drinking corticosterone during lactation has lower stress-induced corticosterone secretion and better cognitive performance
Catalani, A., Marinelli, M., Scaccianoce, S., Nicolai, R., Muscolo, L. A. A., Porcu, A., Kora´nyi, L., Piazza, P. V., & Angelucci, L. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90079-3 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Cognitive defects are reversible in inducible mice expressing pro-aggregant full-length human Tau
Van der Jeugd, A., Hochgräfe, K., Ahmed, T., Decker, J. M., Sydow, A., Hofmann, A., Wu, D., Messing, L., Balschun, D., D’Hooge, R., et al. (2012) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-012-0987-3 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Effect of curcumin on brain insulin receptors and memory functions in STZ (ICV) induced dementia model of rat
Agrawal, R., Mishra, B., Tyagi, E., Nath, C., & Shukla, R. (2010) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2009.12.008 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Therapeutic correction of ApoER2 splicing in Alzheimer's disease mice using antisense oligonucleotides
Hinrich, A. J., Jodelka, F. M., Chang, J. L., Brutman, D., Bruno, A. M., Briggs, C. A., James, B. D., Stutzmann, G. E., Bennett, D. A., Miller, S. A., et al. (2016) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.201505846 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Authors: Morris, R.
Corresponding author: Morris, Richard
ORCID: Morris, Richard
Venue: Journal of Neuroscience Methods
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1984-05
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 47-60
ISSN: 0165-0270 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0165-0270(84)90007-4
OpenAlex: W2169473035
Cited by: 7,180
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 142 · 2025: 205 · 2024: 247 · 2023: 269 · 2022: 302 · 2021: 288 · 2020: 342 · 2019: 336 · 2018: 305 · 2017: 374 · 2016: 359 · 2015: 361 · 2014: 339 · 2013: 320 · 2012: 333
FWCI: 12.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Neuroscience Methods (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords: water maze, spatial learning, spatial memory, working memory, escape learning, automatic tracking, hooded rats, rat behavior
MeSH terms: Animals, Cues, Discrimination Learning, Escape Reaction, Female, Male, Neurophysiology, Orientation, Mental Recall, Retention, Psychology, Swimming, Transfer, Psychology, Rats

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cited by

Record

About these checks