Modulation of long-term synaptic depression in visual cortex by acetylcholine and norepinephrine
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In a slice preparation of rat visual cortex, we discovered that paired-pulse stimulation (PPS) elicits a form of homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD) in the superficial layers when carbachol (CCh) or norepinephrine (NE) is applied concurrently. PPS by itself, or CCh and NE in the absence of synaptic stimulation, produced no lasting change. The LTD induced by PPS in the presence of NE or CCh is of comparable magnitude with that obtained with prolonged low-frequency stimulation (LFS) but requires far fewer stimulation pulses (40 vs 900). The cholinergic facilitation of LTD was blocked by atropine and pirenzepine, suggesting involvement of M1 receptors. The noradrenergic facilitation of LTD was blocked by urapidil and was mimicked by methoxamine, suggesting involvement of alpha1 receptors. beta receptor agonists and antagonists were without effect. Induction of LTD by PPS was inhibited by NMDA receptor blockers (completely in the case of NE; partially in the case of CCh), suggesting that one action of the modulators is to control the gain of NMDA receptor-dependent homosynaptic LTD in visual cortex. We propose that this is a mechanism by which cholinergic and noradrenergic inputs to the neocortex modulate naturally occurring receptive field plasticity.
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M3 mAChRs facilitate long-term depression (LTD) of synapses in the monocular area of superficial visual cortex.
“In contrast, M3 mAChRs facilitate long term depression (LTD) of synapses in the monocular area of superficial visual cortex (Kirkwood et al., 1999; McCoy and McMahon, 2007).”
From Acetylcholine as a Neuromodulator: Cholinergic Signaling Shapes Nervous System Function and Behavior (2012) · cites this paper as Kirkwood et al., 1999
Muscarinic receptor activation causes long-term depression of synaptic efficacy.
“Muscarinic receptor activation causes long-term depression of synaptic efficacy (Kirkwood et al., 1999; Warburton et al., 2003).”
From Modes and models of forebrain cholinergic neuromodulation of cognition (2011) · cites this paper as Kirkwood et al., 1999
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References 68 · Cited by 315
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Bear MF, Kirkwood A (1996) Bidirectional plasticity of cortical syn- apses. In: Cortical plasticity: LTP and LTD (Fazeli MS, Collingridge GL, eds), pp 191-205. Oxford: Bios Scientific.
- Authors
- Kirkwood, A., Rozas, C., Kirkwood, J., Perez, F., & Bear, M. F.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 1999-03-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1599-1609
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6782177
- OpenAlex
- W2138940294
- Cited by
- 315
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 4.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Dana Foundation
- National Eye Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- long-term depression, homosynaptic depression, visual cortex, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, paired-pulse stimulation, carbachol, M1 muscarinic receptor, alpha1-adrenoceptors, NMDA receptor, synaptic plasticity, cholinergic modulation, noradrenergic modulation, receptive field plasticity
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholine, Adrenergic alpha-Agonists, Animals, Carbachol, Hippocampus, Synaptic Transmission, Neuronal Plasticity, Norepinephrine, Receptors, Muscarinic, Synapses, Time, Visual Cortex, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1, Cholinergic Agonists, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Rats, Long-Evans, Receptor, Muscarinic M1, Rats, In Vitro Techniques
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